Tảo và Bioguano như nguồn phân bón hữu cơ đầy hứa hẹn

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 32 - Trang 3971-3981 - 2020
Giulia Atzori1, Werther Guidi Nissim1, Liliana Rodolfi1,2, Alberto Niccolai1, Natascia Biondi1, Stefano Mancuso1, Mario R. Tredici1
1Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
2Fotosintetica & Microbiologica S.r.l., Florence, Italy

Tóm tắt

Sự gia tăng dân số dự kiến dẫn đến nhu cầu thực phẩm tăng cao, ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng đến tài nguyên thiên nhiên của Trái đất. Cải thiện năng suất cây trồng mà không làm ảnh hưởng đến môi trường sẽ là một trong những thách thức chính trong các thập kỷ tới. Trong số các biện pháp có thể thúc đẩy nông nghiệp bền vững, phân bón hữu cơ, đặc biệt là tảo, đang nhận được sự chú ý ngày càng tăng. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là kiểm tra hai loại tảo lớn (Chaetomorpha sp. và Cystoseira sp.), một loại tảo nhỏ (Chlorella CH2) và Bioguano (hỗn hợp tảo lớn, spirulina và guano) như là phân bón hữu cơ cho sự phát triển của cây mầm lúa mạch. Sự tăng trưởng cây trồng đáng kể đã được ghi nhận ở Bioguano, với cây con cho thấy tổng năng suất sinh khối tương đương với các cây kiểm soát tích cực sử dụng phân bón hóa học. Tăng trưởng cây trồng trên tảo lớn bị giảm, mặc dù ở Chaetomorpha sp. không đáng kể so với nhóm kiểm soát tích cực. Tăng trưởng của cây trên Chlorella CH2 gần giống với nhóm kiểm soát tiêu cực (chỉ có nước). Cây trồng trên Bioguano đạt hiệu suất hấp thụ N (60%) và K (41%) cao. Cây trồng trên tảo lớn cho thấy hiệu suất hấp thụ N cao, và đặc biệt là P (khoảng 30%). Kết quả của chúng tôi gợi ý về tiềm năng cao của Bioguano và, ở mức độ thấp hơn, của tảo mà không cần áp dụng phân bón tổng hợp để sử dụng làm môi trường trồng cho cây.

Từ khóa

#phân bón hữu cơ #tảo lớn #Bioguano #sản xuất nông nghiệp bền vững

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