Aldosterone and Cardiovascular Disease

Current Problems in Cardiology - Tập 34 - Trang 51-84 - 2009
Krishna K. Gaddam, Eduardo Pimenta, Saima Husain, David A. Calhoun

Tài liệu tham khảo

Tait, 1952, The effect of adrenal extract on mineral metabolism, Lancet, 1, 122, 10.1016/S0140-6736(52)92427-6 Simpson, 1952, Secretion of a salt-retaining hormone by the mammalian adrenal cortex, Lancet, 2, 226, 10.1016/S0140-6736(52)91551-1 Conn, 1955, Primary aldosteronism, a new clinical syndrome, J Lab Clin Med, 45, 6 Fardella, 2000, Primary hyperaldosteronism in essential hypertensives: prevalence, biochemical profile, and molecular biology, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 85, 1863, 10.1210/jc.85.5.1863 Lim, 2000, High prevalence of primary aldosteronism in the Tayside hypertension clinic population, J Hum Hypertens, 14, 311, 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001013 Mosso, 2003, Primary aldosteronism and hypertensive disease, Hypertension, 42, 161, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000079505.25750.11 Schwartz, 2005, Screening for primary aldosteronism in essential hypertension: diagnostic accuracy of the ratio of plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity, Clin Chem, 51, 386, 10.1373/clinchem.2004.041780 Gallay, 2001, Screening for primary aldosteronism without discontinuing hypertensive medications: plasma aldosterone-renin ratio, Am J Kidney Dis, 37, 699, 10.1016/S0272-6386(01)80117-7 Calhoun, 2002, Hyperaldosteronism among black and white subjects with resistant hypertension, Hypertension, 40, 892, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000040261.30455.B6 Strauch, 2003, Prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism in moderate to severe hypertension in the Central Europe region, J Hum Hypertens, 17, 349, 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001554 Eide, 2004, Low-renin status in therapy-resistant hypertension: a clue to efficient treatment, J Hypertens, 22, 2217, 10.1097/00004872-200411000-00026 Umpierrez, 2007, Primary aldosteronism in diabetic subjects with resistant hypertension, Diabetes Care, 30, 1699, 10.2337/dc07-0031 Naray-Fejes-Toth, 2000, The sgk, an aldosterone-induced gene in mineralocorticoid target cells, regulates the epithelial sodium channel, Kidney Int, 57, 1290, 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00964.x Funder, 2005, Aldosterone and mineralocorticoids, 117 Brilla, 1990, Remodeling of the rat right and left ventricles in experimental hypertension, Circ Res, 67, 1355, 10.1161/01.RES.67.6.1355 Brilla, 1992, Mineralocorticoid excess, dietary sodium, and myocardial fibrosis, J Lab Clin Med, 120, 893 Young, 1994, Mineralocorticoids, hypertension, and cardiac fibrosis, J Clin Invest, 93, 2578, 10.1172/JCI117269 Rocha, 2002, Slective aldosterone blockade prevents angiotensin II/salt-induced vascular inflammation in the rat heart, Endocrinology, 143, 4828, 10.1210/en.2002-220120 Stowasser, 2001, New perspectives on the role of aldosterone excess in cardiovascular disease, Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 28, 783, 10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03523.x Ikeda, 1995, Aldosterone inhibits nitric oxide synthesis in rat vascular smooth muscle cells induced by interleukin-1 beta, Eur J Pharmacol, 290, 69, 10.1016/0922-4106(95)90018-7 Bauersachs, 2002, Addition of spironolactone to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in heart failure improves endothelial vasomotor dysfunction: role of vascular superoxide anion formation and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression, J Am Coll Cardiol, 39, 351, 10.1016/S0735-1097(01)01729-6 Rajagopalan, 2002, Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism in experimental atherosclerosis, Circulation, 105, 2212, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000015854.60710.10 Blacher, 1997, Association between increased plasma levels of aldosterone and decreased systemic arterial compliance in subjects with essential hypertension, Am J Hypertens, 10, 1326, 10.1016/S0895-7061(97)00301-4 Duprez, 1998, Inverse relationship between aldosterone and large artery compliance in chronically treated heart failure patients, Eur Heart J, 19, 1371, 10.1053/euhj.1998.1099 Taddei, 1993, Vasodilation to acetylcholine in primary and secondary forms of human hypertension, Hypertension, 21, 929, 10.1161/01.HYP.21.6.929 Farquharson, 2000, Spironolactone increases nitric oxide bioactivity, improves endothelial vasodilator dysfunction, and suppresses vascular angiotensin I/angiotensin II conversion in patients with chronic heart failure, Circulation, 101, 594, 10.1161/01.CIR.101.6.594 Nishizaka, 2004, Impaired endothelium-dependant flow mediated vasodilation in hypertensive subjects with hyperaldosteronism, Circulation, 109, 2857, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000129307.26791.8E Gokce, 2003, Predictive value of noninvasively determined endothelial dysfunction for long-term cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral vascular disease, J Am Coll Cardiol, 41, 1769, 10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00333-4 Genest, 1956, Human arterial hypertension: a state of mild chronic hyperaldosteronism?, Science, 123, 503, 10.1126/science.123.3195.503 Vasan, 2004, Serum aldosterone and the incidence of hypertension in nonhypertensive persons, N Engl J Med, 351, 33, 10.1056/NEJMoa033263 Newton-Cheh, 2007, Clinical and genetic correlates of aldosterone-to-renin ratio and relations to blood pressure in a community sample, Hypertension, 49, 846, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000258554.87444.91 Grim, 2005, Hypertension and hypertension: ethnic differences, Hypertension, 45, 766, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000154364.00763.d5 Conn, 1965, Normokalemic primary aldosteronism: a detectable cause of curable “essential” hypertension, JAMA, 193, 200, 10.1001/jama.1965.03090030022005 Fishman, 1968, Incidence of primary aldosteronism uncomplicated “essential” hypertension, JAMA, 205, 497, 10.1001/jama.205.7.497 Gordon, 1993, Evidence that primary aldosteronism may not be uncommon: 12% incidence among antihypertensive drug trial volunteers, Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 20, 296, 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1993.tb01687.x Gordon, 1994, High incidence of primary aldosteronism in 199 patients referred with hypertension, Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 21, 315, 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1994.tb02519.x Sartori, 2006, Aldosterone and refractory hypertension: a prospective cohort study, Am J Hypertens, 19, 373, 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.06.031 Ouzan, 2002, The role of spironolactone in the treatment of patients with refractory hypertension, Am J Hypertens, 1, 333, 10.1016/S0895-7061(01)02342-1 Nishizaka, 2003, Efficacy of low dose spironolactone in subjects with resistant hypertension, Am J Hypertens, 16, 925, 10.1016/S0895-7061(03)01032-X Mahmud, 2005, Does aldosterone-to-renin ratio predict the antihypertensive effect of the aldosterone antagonist spironolactone?, Am J Hypertens, 18, 1631, 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.06.010 Chapman, 2007, Effect of spironolactone on blood pressure in subjects with resistant hypertension, Hypertension, 49, 839, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000259805.18468.8c Saha, 2005, Improvement in blood pressure with inhibition of the epithelial sodium channel in blacks with hypertension, Hypertension, 46, 481, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000179582.42830.1d Engeli, 2005, Weight loss and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, Hypertension, 45, 356, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000154361.47683.d3 Goodfriend, 2002, An oxidized derivative of linoleic acid affects aldosterone secretion by adrenal cells in vitro, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 67, 163, 10.1054/plef.2002.0414 Ehrhart-Bornstein, 2003, Human adipocytes secrete mineralocorticoid-releasing factors, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 100, 14211, 10.1073/pnas.2336140100 Calhoun, 2004, Aldosterone excretion among subjects with resistant hypertension and symptoms of sleep apnea, Chest, 25, 112, 10.1378/chest.125.1.112 Nishizaka, 2005, Validity of plasma aldosterone-to-renin activity ratio in African American and white subjects with resistant hypertension, Am J Hypertens, 18, 805, 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.01.002 Rossi, 2006, A prospective study of the prevalence of primary aldosteronism in 1,125 hypertensive patients, J Am Coll Cardiol, 48, 2293, 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.07.059 Nwariaku, 2006, Primary hyperaldosteronism: effect of adrenal vein sampling on surgical outcome, Arch Surg, 141, 497, 10.1001/archsurg.141.5.497 Swedberg, 1990, Hormones regulating cardiovascular function in patients with severe congestive heart failure and their relation to mortality, Circulation, 82, 1730, 10.1161/01.CIR.82.5.1730 Pitt, 1999, The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure, N Engl J Med, 341, 709, 10.1056/NEJM199909023411001 Pitt, 2003, Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction, N Engl J Med, 348, 1309, 10.1056/NEJMoa030207 Juurlink, 2004, Rates of hyperkalemia after publication of the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study, N Engl J Med, 351, 543, 10.1056/NEJMoa040135 Beygui, 2006, High plasma aldosterone levels on admission are associated with death in patients presenting with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction, Circulation, 114, 2604, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.634626 Rocha, 1998, Mineralocorticoid blockade reduces vascular injury in stroke-prone hypertensive rats, Hypertension, 31, 451, 10.1161/01.HYP.31.1.451 Conn, 1964, Clinical characteristics of primary aldosteronism from an analysis of 145 cases, Am J Surg, 107, 159, 10.1016/0002-9610(64)90252-1 Irie, 2006, The relationships of proteinuria, serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate with cardiovascular disease mortality in Japanese general population, Kidney Int, 69, 1264, 10.1038/sj.ki.5000284 Tonelli, 2006, Proteinuria, impaired kidney function, and adverse outcomes in people with coronary disease: analysis of a previously conducted randomised trial, BMJ, 332, 1426, 10.1136/bmj.38814.566019.2F Fox, 2006, Cross-sectional relations of serum aldosterone and urine sodium excretion to urinary albumin excretion in a community-based sample, Kidney Int, 69, 2064, 10.1038/sj.ki.5000378 Rossi, 2006, Renal damage in primary aldosteronism: results of the PAPY study, Hypertension, 48, 232, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000230444.01215.6a Halimi, 1995, Albuminuria in untreated patients with primary aldosteronism or essential hypertension, J Hypertens, 13, 1801, 10.1097/00004872-199512010-00054 Sechi, 2006, Long-term renal outcomes in patients with primary aldosteronism, JAMA, 295, 2638, 10.1001/jama.295.22.2638 Ribstein, 2005, Relative glomerular hyperfiltration in primary aldosteronism, J Am Soc Nephrol, 16, 1320, 10.1681/ASN.2004100878 Pimenta, 2006, Aldosterone, dietary salt, and renal disease, Hypertension, 48, 209, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000230482.82239.a0 Epstein, 2006, Aldosterone blockade: an emerging strategy for abrogating progressive renal disease, Am J Med, 119, 912, 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.03.038 van den Meiracker, 2006, Spironolactone in type 2 diabetic nephropathy: effects on proteinuria, blood pressure and renal function, J Hypertens, 24, 2285, 10.1097/01.hjh.0000249708.44016.5c Schjoedt, 2005, Beneficial impact of spironolactone in diabetic nephropathy, Kidney Int, 68, 2829, 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00756.x Epstein, 2006, Selective aldosterone blockade with eplerenone reduces albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 1, 940, 10.2215/CJN.00240106 2002, Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report, Circulation, 106, 3143, 10.1161/circ.106.25.3143 Bochud, 2006, Plasma aldosterone is independently associated with the metabolic syndrome, Hypertension, 48, 239, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000231338.41548.fc Kidambi, 2007, Association of adrenal steroids with hypertension and the metabolic syndrome in blacks, Hypertension, 49, 704, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000253258.36141.c7 Fallo, 2006, Prevalence and charecteristics of the metabolic syndrome in primary aldosteronism, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 91, 454, 10.1210/jc.2005-1733 Fallo, 2007, Adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in primary aldosteronism, Am J Hypertens, 20, 855, 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2007.03.012 Milliez, 2005, Evidence for an increased rate of cardiovascular events in patients with primary aldosteronism, J Am Coll Cardiol, 45, 1243, 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.01.015