Alcohol consumption in a rural area of Cantabria
Tóm tắt
A two-stage cross-sectional survey was performed in a representative rural sample of the autonomous community of Cantabria, to investigate the social, medical and psychopathological factors associated with alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption was investigated by means of a specific questionnaire. Mental and physical health was evaluated in the first-stage sample using: (1) the General Health Questionnaire, (2) the Cornell Medical Index. In the second stage all members of the sample were interviewed at home using the 140-item version of the Present State Examination (PSE-9). We found that 25.4% of males and 0.6% of females were consuming more than 63 alcohol units per week. Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with different social variables. Although it was possible to detect an increase in weekend drinking, especially in the heavy alcohol users, daily alcohol consumption, mainly around meals, was the predominant drinking pattern. We also found a significant inverse association between excessive alcohol consumption and the presence of physical or mental illness. Excessive alcohol use tended to be associated in males with depression and in females, with anxiety.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Babor TF, Kranzler HR, Lauerman RJ (1987) Social drinking as a health and psychosocial risk factor. Anstie's limit revisited. In: Galanter M (ed) Recent developments in alcoholism, vol. 5. Plenum Press, New York, pp 373–402
Brodman K, Erdmann AJ, Wolff HG (1956) Cornell Medical Index. Health questionnaire manual. Cornell University Medical College, New York
Cardoret R, Winokor G (1974) Depression in alcoholism. Ann NY Acad Sci 233: 34–39
Clark WB, Hilton ME (1991) Alcohol in America. Drinking practices and problems. In: Suny (ed) State University of New York Press, Albany
Diez Manrique JF, Peña Martin C (1989) Respuesta de la comunidad a los problemas relacionados con el alcohol en Cantabria. In: Comisionado para la Droga (eds) Sevilla 99–108.
Diez Manrique JF, Aldama JM, Diez Aja S. Lequerica J, Peña C, Samaniego C, Vazquez-Barquero JL (1984) El test de Michigan como instrumento de despistaje de alcoholismo en la comunidad (analisis preliminar). Actas del XV Congreso N de la S.E.P. Public. Universidad de Zaragoza, pp (155–172)
Diez Manrique JF, et al (1991) Respuesta de la Comunidad a los Problemas Relacionados con el Alcohol en Cantabria y Sevilla. Publicaciones del Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo
East WN (1936) Alcoholism in relation to manic-depressive illness. Lancet 230: 161–166
Enriquez de Salamanca R (1984) Estudio de los habitos de consumo de alcohol de la población adulta española Encuesta ICSA-GALUP. Diciembre 1980. Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Madrid
Gili M, Giner J (1987) Community reponse to alcohol related problems. Results of the General Population Survey. Sevilla Spain. Second Meeting of Principal Investigators in the W.H.O. Collaborative Study, Lisboa
Goldberg DP (1972) The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire. Maudsley Monograph No 21. Oxford University Press; London
Goldberg DP, Williams PA (1988) User's guide to the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). NFER-Nelson, Windsor
Harwid J (1982) Alcohol and the family. Croom-Helm, London Camberra
Helzer JE, Canino GJ (1992) Alcoholism in North America, Europe and Asia. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Kranzler HR, Barbor, TF, Lavermann RJ (1990) Problems associated with average alcohol consumption and frequency of intoxication in medical population. Alcohol Clin Exp Res
Martinez R, Martin L (1988) Respuesta comunitaria a los Problemas relacionados con el Alcohol en la comunidad de Madrid. In: Combionada para la Droga (eds) Problemas relacionadoscon el consumo de alcohol. Junta de Andalucia
Muñoz PE, Vázquez-Barquero JL, pastrana E, Rodriguez Insausti F, Oneca C (1978) Study of the validity of Goldberg's 60-item GHQ in its Spanish version. Soc Psychiatry 13: 99–104
Murray MR, Gurling HMS, Bernadt M (1984) Do personality and psychiatric disorders predispose to alcoholism? In: Edwards G, Littleton J (eds) Pharmacological treatments for alcoholism. Methuen, New York, pp 445–462
Ritson EB (1985) Community response to alcohol-related problems: review of an international study. World Wealth Organization (Public Health Paper no. 81). Geneva
Room R (1977) Measurement and distribution of drinking patterns and problems in general population. In: Edwards E, Col. Alcohol-related disabilities. OMS, Geneva, offset p no. 329
Vázquez-Barquero JL (1980) Metodología de la Investigación Epidemiloógica Psiquiatrica: Los Estudios Transversales en Dos Fases de la Comunidad. Rev Psiquiat Psicol Med 14: 153–162
Vázquez-Barquero JL, Diez-Manrique JF, Aldama JM, Diez Aja S, Samaniego C, Liaño A (1984) El Cornell Medical Index Como Instrumento de Detección de Patologia en Estudios Comunitarios. In: Seva Diaz A (ed) Epidemiología Psiquiátrica Tomo 2. Publicaciones Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, pp 155–167
Vázquez-Barquero JL, Diez Manrique JF, Peña C, Quintanal R, Labrador López M (1986) Two stage design in a community surgey. Br J Psychiatry 149: 88–97
Vázquez-Barquero JL, Diez Manrique JF, Peña C, Aldama J, Samaniego Rodriguez C, Menendez Arango J, Mirapeix C (1987) A community mental health survey in Cantabria: a genral description of morbidity. Psychol Med 17: 227–241
Vázquez-Barquero JL, Diez Manrique JF, Peña C, Arenal Gonzalez A, Cuesta Nuñez M, Artal JA (1989) Patterns of psychotropic drug use in a Spanish rural community. Br J Psychiatry 155: 633–641
Vázquez-Barquero JL, Wilkinson G, Williams P, Diez Manrique JF, Peña C (1990) Mental health and medical consultation in primary care settings. Psychol Med 20: 681–694
Vázquez-Barquero JL, Diez Manrique JF, Muñoz J, Menendez Arango L, Gaite L, Herreta Castanedo S, Der GJ (1992) Sex differences in mental illness: a community study of the influence of physical health and sociodemographic factors. Soc Psychiatry Epidemiol 27: 62–68
Vázquez-Barquero JL, Gaite L, Herrera Castanedo S, Diez Manrique JF, Pascual C, Orcajo P (1994) Use and abuse of alcohol and drugs in different cultures. A nine country study Santander's results. Report to the World Health Organization
Wing JK, Sturt E (1978) The PSE-ID-CATEGO system: a supplementary manual. Institute of Psychiatry, London
Wing JK, Cooper JE, Sartorius N (1974) Measurement and classification of psychiatric symptoms. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge