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Các chất gây dị ứng hải sản trong không khí như một nguyên nhân gây dị ứng nghề nghiệp và hen phế quản
Tóm tắt
Dị ứng nghề nghiệp và hen phế quản là một hậu quả sức khỏe nghiêm trọng ảnh hưởng đến công nhân chế biến hải sản. Phản ứng dị ứng chủ yếu tập trung vào hai nhóm hải sản chính: cá và động vật có vỏ, trong đó nhóm sau bao gồm động vật giáp xác và động vật thân mềm. Nhiều protein gây dị ứng đã được xác định trong các nhóm hải sản khác nhau, nhưng chỉ một số ít đã được mô tả chi tiết ở cấp độ phân tử. Parvalbumin dường như là chất gây dị ứng chính trong cá, trong khi tropomyosin là chất gây dị ứng chính trong động vật giáp xác. Các protein khác liên kết với IgE cũng đã được xác định trong động vật thân mềm và các tác nhân liên quan đến hải sản khác (ví dụ: Anisakis sp), mặc dù bản chất phân tử của chúng chưa được xác định. Các chất gây dị ứng dạng aerosol có thể được xác định và định lượng bằng cách sử dụng các phương pháp miễn dịch và hóa học, phát hiện nồng độ thấp tới 10 ng/m3. Bài đánh giá hiện tại thảo luận về những phát hiện thú vị và gần đây trong lĩnh vực dị ứng hải sản nghề nghiệp, bao gồm các nghề có nguy cơ cao, các yếu tố nguy cơ môi trường đối với các phơi nhiễm trong không khí, các chất gây dị ứng chính và phụ liên quan, và những cách tiếp cận đổi mới trong chẩn đoán và quản lý dị ứng nghề nghiệp và hen phế quản liên quan đến chế biến hải sản.
Từ khóa
#dị ứng nghề nghiệp #hen phế quản #hải sản #chất gây dị ứng #parvalbumin #tropomyosin #công nhân chế biến hải sảnTài liệu tham khảo
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