Agents and Digital Twins for the engineering of Cyber-Physical Systems: opportunities, and challenges

Abburu, S., Berre, A.J., Jacoby, M., Roman, D., Stojanovic, L., Stojanovic, N.: Cognitwin – hybrid and cognitive digital twins for the process industry. In: IEEE Int. Conf. on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC). pp. 1–8 (2020) Ahmed, S.H., Kim, G., Kim, D.: Cyber physical system: Architecture, applications and research challenges. In: Proceedings of the IFIP Wireless Days, WD 2013, Valencia, Spain, November 13-15, 2013, pp. 1–5. IEEE (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/WD.2013.6686528 Alelaimat, A., Ghose, A., Dam, H.K.: Abductive design of BDI agent-based digital twins of organizations. In: PRIMA 2020: Principles and Practice of Multi-Agent Systems - 23rd International Conference. LNCS, vol. 12568, pp. 377–385. Springer (2020) Autiosalo, J., Siegel, J., Tammi, K.: Twinbase: Open-source server software for the digital twin web. IEEE Access 9, 140779–140798 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3119487 Bakliwal, K., Dhada, M.H., Palau, A.S., Parlikad, A.K., Lad, B.K.: A multi agent system architecture to implement collaborative learning for social industrial assets. 51, 1237–1242 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.08.421. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052888258 &doi=10.1016%2fj.ifacol.2018.08.421 &partnerID=40 &md5=da6e5a49f48263b68f0e99f1f4839fe4. cited by: 21; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access, Green Open Access Bellavista, P., Giannelli, C., Mamei, M., Mendula, M., Picone, M.: Application-driven network-aware digital twin management in industrial edge environments. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform. (2021) Bellifemine, F.: FIPA: a standard for agent interoperability. In: WOA 2000: Dagli Oggetti agli Agenti. 1st AI*IA/TABOO Joint Workshop “From Objects to Agents”: Evolutive Trends of Software Systems, 29-30 May 2000, Pitagora Editrice Bologna, Parma, Italy. p. 121 (2000) Bergenti, F., Caire, G., Monica, S., Poggi, A.: The first twenty years of agent-based software development with JADE. Auton. Agents Multi Agent Syst. 34(2), 36 (2020) Boissier, O., Bordini, R.H., Hübner, J.F., Ricci, A., Santi, A.: Multi-agent oriented programming with jacamo. Sci. Comput. Program. 78(6), 747–761 (2013) Chen, X., Song, H.: Further extensions of FIPA contract net protocol: threshold plus doa. In: Haddad, H., Omicini, A., Wainwright, R.L., Liebrock, L.M. (eds.) Proceedings of the 2004 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC) pp. 45–51. ACM , Nicosia, Cyprus, March 14-17, 2004, (2004). https://doi.org/10.1145/967900.967914 Cimino, C., Negri, E., Fumagalli, L.: Review of digital twin applications in manufacturing. Comput. Ind. 113, 103130 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2019.103130. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166361519304385 Ciortea, A., Boissier, O., Ricci, A.: Engineering world-wide multi-agent systems with hypermedia. In: Engineering Multi-Agent Systems. pp. 285–301. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2019) Clemen, T., Ahmady-Moghaddam, N., Lenfers, U.A., Ocker, F., Osterholz, D., Ströbele, J., Glake, D.: Multi-agent systems and digital twins for smarter cities. In: Giabbanelli, P.J. (ed.) SIGSIM-PADS ’21: SIGSIM Conference on Principles of Advanced Discrete Simulation, Virtual Event, ACM, USA, 31 May - 2 June, 2021, pp. 45–55. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1145/3437959.3459254 Croatti, A., Gabellini, M., Montagna, S., Ricci, A.: On the integration of agents and digital twins in healthcare. J. Med. Syst. 44(9), 161 (2020) Croatti, A., Montagna, S., Ricci, A., Gamberini, E., Albarello, V., Agnoletti, V.: Bdi personal medical assistant agents: The case of trauma tracking and alerting. Artific. Intell. Med. 96, 187–197 (2019) Eirinakis, P., Kalaboukas, K., Lounis, S., Mourtos, I., Rožanec, J.M., Stojanovic, N., Zois, G.: Enhancing cognition for digital twins. In: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC), pp. 1–7. (2020) Eramo, R., Bordeleau, F., Combemale, B., van den Brand, M., Wimmer, M., Wortmann, A.: Conceptualizing digital twins. IEEE Software, pp. 0–0. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2021.3130755 Fan, C., Zhang, C., Yahja, A., Mostafavi, A.: Disaster city digital twin: A vision for integrating artificial and human intelligence for disaster management. Int. J. Inf. Manag. 56, 102049 (2021) Galuzin, V., Galitskaya, A., Grachev, S., Larukhin, V., Novichkov, D., Skobelev, P., Zhilyaev, A.: Autonomous digital twin of enterprise: Method and toolset for knowledge-based multi-agent adaptive management of tasks and resources in real time. Mathematics 10(10) (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/math10101662. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130349601 &doi=10.3390%2fmath10101662 &partnerID=40 &md5=4be64ef7cea1ee0db68ea5f72a13eddd, cited by: 0; All Open Access, Gold Open Access GE DIGITAL: The digital twin: Compressing time to value for digital industrial companies. Tech. rep., GE DIGITAL (2017). https://www.ge.com/digital/sites/default/files/download_assets/The-Digital-Twin_Compressing-Time-to-Value-for-Digital-Industrial-Companies.pdf Gelernter, D.: Mirror Worlds or the Day Software Puts the Universe in a Shoebox: How Will It Happen and What It Will Mean. Oxford University Press Inc, New York, NY, USA (1991) Glaessgen, E., Stargel, D.: The digital twin paradigm for future nasa and us air force vehicles. In: 53rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference (2012) Gorodetsky, V., Kozhevnikov, S., Novichkov, D., Skobelev, P.: The framework for designing autonomous cyber-physical multi-agent systems for adaptive resource management. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 11710 LNAI, 52 – 64 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27878-6_5. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077128426 &doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-27878-6_5 &partnerID=40 &md5=9b969af9c464d775847bd9e33ee8fa00, cited by: 5 Grieves, M., Vickers, J.: Digital Twin: Mitigating Unpredictable, Undesirable Emergent Behavior in Complex Systems, pp. 85–113. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2017) Gutierrez, C., Sequeda, J.F.: Knowledge graphs. Commun. ACM 64(3), 96–104 (2021) Hribernik, K., Cabri, G., Mandreoli, F., Mentzas, G.: Autonomous, context-aware, adaptive digital twins - state of the art and roadmap. Comput. Ind. 133,103508 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2021.103508 Jennings, N.R.: An agent-based approach for building complex software systems. Commun. ACM 44(4), 35–41 (2001) Juarez, M.G., Botti, V.J., Giret, A.S.: Digital Twins: Review and Challenges. J C Inf Sci Eng 21(3), 030802 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4050244 Kapteyn, M.G., Knezevic, D.J., Willcox, K.: Toward predictive digital twins via component-based reduced-order models and interpretable machine learning. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-0418 Kousi, N., Gkournelos, C., Aivaliotis, S., Giannoulis, C., Michalos, G., Makris, S.: Digital twin for adaptation of robots’ behavior in flexible robotic assembly lines. Proced. Manufac. 28, 121 – 126 (2019), 7th International conference on Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production (CARV2018) Kuts, V., Otto, T., Tähemaa, T., Bondarenko, Y.: Digital twin based synchronised control and simulation of the industrial robotic cell using virtual reality. J. Mach. Eng. 19, 128–144 (2019) Laryukhin, V., Skobelev, P., Lakhin, O., Grachev, S., Yalovenko, V., Yalovenko, O.: The multi-agent approach for developing a cyber-physical system for managing precise farms with digital twins of plants. Cybernetics and Physics 8(4), 257–261 (2019). https://doi.org/10.35470/2226-4116-2019-8-4-257-261. www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077607130 &doi=10.35470%2f2226-4116-2019-8-4-257-261 &partnerID=40 &md5=1f0e14ca6c539fec1c47c99c1f6992ee. cited by: 8; All Open Access, Gold Open Access Latsou, C., Farsi, M., Erkoyuncu, J.A., Morris, G.: Digital twin integration in multi-agent cyber physical manufacturing systems. IFAC-Papers OnLine 54, 811–816 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.08.096. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85120686175 &doi=10.1016%2fj.ifacol.2021.08.096 &partnerID=40 &md5=88f9318acbc799442676d0458dd12185. cited by: 3; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access, Green Open Access Lippi, M., Mariani, S., Zambonelli, F.: Developing a “sense of agency” in iot systems: Preliminary experiments in a smart home scenario. In: 19th IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops and other Affiliated Events, PerCom Workshops 2021, Kassel, Germany, March 22-26, 2021. pp. 44–49. IEEE (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/PerComWorkshops51409.2021.9431003 Liu, Y., Zhang, L., Yang, Y., Zhou, L., Ren, L., Wang, F., Liu, R., Pang, Z., Deen, M.J.: A novel cloud-based framework for the elderly healthcare services using digital twin. IEEE Access 7, 49088–49101 (2019) Malakuti, S., Grüner, S.: Architectural aspects of digital twins in iiot systems. In: Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Proceedings. ECSA ’18, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2018) Mariani, S., Omicini, A.: Anticipatory coordination in socio-technical knowledge-intensive environments: Behavioural implicit communication in mok. In: Gavanelli, M., Lamma, E., Riguzzi, F. (eds.) AI*IA 2015, Advances in Artificial Intelligence - XIVth International Conference of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence, Ferrara, Italy, September 23-25, 2015, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 9336, pp. 102–115. Springer (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24309-2_8 Minerva, R., Crespi, N.: Digital twins: Properties, software frameworks, and application scenarios. IT Prof. 23(1), 51–55 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/MITP.2020.2982896 Minerva, R., Lee, G.M., Crespi, N.: Digital twin in the iot context: A survey on technical features, scenarios, and architectural models. Proc. IEEE 108(10), 1785–1824 (2020) Montagna, S., Croatti, A., Ricci, A., Agnoletti, V., Albarello, V., Gamberini, E.: Real-time tracking and documentation in trauma management. Health Inf. J. 26(1), 328–341 (2020) Ocker, F., Urban, C., Vogel-Heuser, B., Diedrich, C.: Leveraging the asset administration shell for agent-based production systems. 54, 837–844 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.08.186. www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85120711578 &doi=10.1016%2fj.ifacol.2021.08.186 &partnerID=40 &md5=83be764b67f3894c15706c60b2d52157, cited by: 6; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access Omicini, A., Ricci, A., Viroli, M.: Artifacts in the A &A meta-model for multi-agent systems. Auton. Agent Multi. Agent Syst. 17(3), 432–456 (2008) Omicini, A., Ricci, A., Viroli, M., Castelfranchi, C., Tummolini, L.: Coordination artifacts: Environment-based coordination for intelligent agents. In: Proc. of the 3rd Int. Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, pp. 286–293. AAMAS ’04, IEEE Computer Society, USA (2004) Orozco-Romero, A., Arias-Portela, C.Y., Saucedo, J.A.M.: The use of agent-based models boosted by digital twins in the supply chain: A literature review. In: Vasant, P., Zelinka, I., Weber, G.W. (eds.) Intelligent Computing and Optimization, pp. 642–652. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2020) Papacharalampopoulos, A., Stavropoulos, P., Petrides, D.: Towards a digital twin for manufacturing processes: applicability on laser welding. Proced. CIRP 88, 110–115 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.05.020 Picone, M., Mamei, M., Zambonelli, F.: WLDT: A general purpose library to build IoT digital twins. SoftwareX 13, 100661 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2021.100661. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352711021000066 Pretel, E., Navarro, E., López-Jaquero, V., Moya, A., González, P.: Multi-agent systems in support of digital twins: A survey. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 13259 LNCS, 524–533 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06527-9_52, cited by: 0 Rao, A.S., Georgeff, M.P.: Modeling rational agents within a bdi-architecture. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR’91), pp. 473–484. Morgan Kaufmann, Cambridge, MA, USA, April 22-25, 1991, (1991) Ricci, A., Croatti, A., Mariani, S., Montagna, S., Picone, M.: Web of digital twins. ACM Trans. Internet Technol. (dec 2021). https://doi.org/10.1145/3507909, just Accepted Ricci, A., Croatti, A., Montagna, S.: Pervasive and connected digital twins–a vision for digital health. IEEE Int Comput (jan 2021) Ricci, A., Piunti, M., Tummolini, L., Castelfranchi, C.: The mirror world: Preparing for mixed-reality living. IEEE Pervasive Comput 14(2), 60–63 (2015) Saracco, R.: Digital twins: Bridging physical space and cyberspace. Comput 52(12), 58–64 (2019) Shahat, E., Hyun, C.T., Yeom, C.: City digital twin potentials: A review and research agenda. Sustain. 13(6), (2021) Souza, V., Cruz, R., Silva, W., Lins, S., Lucena, V.: A digital twin architecture based on the industrial internet of things technologies. In: 2019 IEEE Int. Conf. on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), pp. 1–2. (2019) Stary, C.: Digital twin generation: Re-conceptualizing agent systems for behavior-centered cyber-physical system development. Sensors 21(4), (2021) Tao, F., Qi, Q.: Make more digital twins. Nature 573(7775), 490–491 (2019) Tao, F., Zhang, M., Nee, A.: Chapter 1 - background and concept of digital twin. In: Tao, F., Zhang, M., Nee, A. (eds.) Digital Twin Driven Smart Manufacturing, pp. 3–28. Academic Press (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817630-6.00001-1 Uhlemann, T.H.J., Lehmann, C., Steinhilper, R.: The digital twin: Realizing the cyber-physical production system for Industry 4.0. Proced. Cirp 61, 335–340 (2017) Valckenaers, P.: ARTI reference architecture - PROSA revisited. In: Borangiu, T., Trentesaux, D., Thomas, A., Cavalieri, S. (eds.) Service Orientation in Holonic and Multi-Agent Manufacturing. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol. 803, pp. 1–19. Springer (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03003-2_1 Wan, H., David, M., Derigent, W.: Modelling digital twins as a recursive multi-agent architecture: application to energy management of communicating materials. IFAC-PapersOnLine 54(1), 880–885 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.08.104 Weyns, D., Omicini, A., Odell, J.J.: Environment as a first-class abstraction in multi-agent systems. Auton. Agent Multi. Agent Syst. 14(1), 5–30 (2007) Ye, D., He, Q., Wang, Y., Yang, Y.: An agent-based integrated self-evolving service composition approach in networked environments. IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput. 12(6), 880–895 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/TSC.2016.2631598 Zambonelli, F., Jennings, N.R., Wooldridge, M.J.: Developing multiagent systems: The gaia methodology. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. 12(3), 317–370 (2003) Zekri, S., Jabeur, N., Gharrad, H.: Smart water management using intelligent digital twins. Comput. Inf. 41(1), 135–153 (2022). https://doi.org/10.31577/CAI_2022_1_135. cited by: 1; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access Zheng, X., Psarommatis, F., Petrali, P., Turrin, C., Lu, J., Kiritsis, D.: A quality-oriented digital twin modelling method for manufacturing processes based on a multi-agent architecture. Proced Manufac. 51, 309–315 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.10.044. www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099833723 &doi=10.1016%2fj.promfg.2020.10.044 &partnerID=40 &md5=293a25e4e30dfd910dbef31b080c0f6, cited by: 18; All Open Access, Gold Open Access Zhou, C., Yang, H., Duan, X., Lopez, D., Pastor, A., Wu, Q., Boucadair, M., Jacquenet, C.: Concepts of Digital Twin Network. Internet-Draft draft-zhou-nmrg-digitaltwin-network-concepts-03, Internet Engineering Task Force (2021). https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-zhou-nmrg-digitaltwin-network-concepts-03, work in Progress