Affective consequences and subsequent effects on morphine self-administration of d-ala2-methionine enkephalin
Tóm tắt
Albino rats implanted with intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannulae were used to investigate the effects of ICV administration of d-ala2-methionine enkephalin. Potentially positive affective consequences were assessed by observing rats’ movements in an alley, one compartment of which had previously been paired with drug administration. Like morphine (10 mg/kg, intra-peritoneally—IP), this enkephalin analogue (10 µg, ICV) produced a tendency for rats to move toward the place where they had previously experienced the drug’s effects. In another experiment, the same dose of d-ala2-methionine enkephalin was not sufficient to produce a conditioned taste aversion, as did the 10-mg/kg IP dose of morphine. Rats with a prior history of administration of either d-ala2-methionine enkephalin or systemic morphine subsequently consumed significantly more sweetened morphine solution than control animals in a voluntary oral consumption situation with tap water also available. Collectively, these results suggest that enkephalin administration may produce a positive affective state without aversive components and potentiate voluntary consumption of morphine.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Adams, W. J., Lorens, S. A., & Mitchell, C. L. Morphine enhances lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation in the rat. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 1972, 140, 770–771.
Belluzzi, J. D., & Stein, L. Enkephalin may mediate euphoria and drive-reduction reward. Nature, 1977, 266, 556–558.
Bloom, F., Segal, D., Ling, N., & Guillemin, R. Endorphins: Profound behavioral effects in rats suggest new etiological factors in mental illness. Science, 1976, 194, 630–632.
Criswell, H. E., & Levitt, R. A. The narcotic analgesics. In R. A. Levitt (Ed.), Psychopharmacology: A biological approach. Washington, D.C: Hemisphere, 1975.
Esposito, R. U., & Kornetsky, C. Opioids and rewarding brain stimulation. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 1978, 2, 115–122.
Garcia, J., Hankins, W. G., & Rusiniak, K. W. Behavioral regulation of the milieu interne in man and rat. Science, 1974, 185, 824–831.
Gorman, J. E., DeObaldia, R. N., Scott, R. C., & Reid, L. D. Morphine injections in the taste aversion paradigm: Extent of aversions and readiness to consume sweetened morphine solutions. Physiological Psychology, 1978, 6, 101–109.
Grevert, P., & Goldstein, A. Endorphins: Naloxone fails to alter experimental pain or mood in humans. Science, 1978, 199, 1093–1095.
Jacquet, Y. F., & Marks, N. The C-fragment of β-lipotropin: An endogenous neuroleptic or antipsychotogen? Science, 1976, 194, 632–635.
Khavari, K. A., & Risner, M. E. Opiate dependence produced by ad libitum drinking of morphine in water, saline, and sucrose vehicles. Psychopharmacologia, 1973, 30, 291–302.
LeBlanc, A. E., & Cappell, H. Attenuation of punishing effects of morphine and amphetamine by chronic prior treatment. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1975, 87, 691–698.
Lorens, S. A., & Sainati, S. M. Opiate receptors mediate the excitatory (euphorigenic) effect of ethanol, chlordiazepoxide and morphine on brain stimulation reward. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 1978, 4, 135. (Abstract)
McAuliffe, W. E., & Gordon, R. A. A test of Lindesmith’s theory of addiction: The frequency of euphoria among long-term addicts. American Journal of Sociology, 1974, 79, 795–840.
Parker, L., Failor, A., & Weidman, K. Conditioned preferences in the rat with an unnatural need state: Morphine withdrawal. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1973, 82, 294–300.
Reid, L. D., Lind, M. D., Bozarth, M. A., Merriman, V. J., & Stapleton, J. M. Small doses of morphine sulfate and pressing for hypothalamic intracranial stimulation (ICS) in rats. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 1978, 4, 501. (Abstract)
Riley, A. L., & Baril, L. L. Conditioned taste aversion: A bibliography. Animal Learning & Behavior, 1976, 4, 1S–13S. (Suppl.)
Riley, A. L., Jacobs, W. J., & Lolordo, V. M. Morphine induced taste aversions: A consideration of parameters. Physiological Psychology, 1978, 6, 96–100.
Rossi, N. A., & Reid, L. D. Affective states associated with morphine injections. Physiological Psychology, 1976, 4, 269–274.
Switzman, L., Hammer, L., Shizgal, P., & Amit, Z. A paradoxical “aversive” property of leucine-enkephalin: Conditioned taste aversion in rats. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 1977, 3, 303. (Abstract)
Van der Kooy, D., Le Piane, F. G., & Phillips, A. G. Apparent independence of opiate reinforcement and electrical self-stimulation systems in rat brain. Life Sciences, 1977, 20, 981–986.
Walker, J. M., Sandman, C. A., Berntson, G. G., McGivern, R. R., Coy, D. H., & Kastin, A. J. Endorphin analogs with potent and long-lasting analgesic effect. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, & Behavior, 1977, 7, 543–548.
Watson, S. J., Berger, P. A., Akil, H., Mills, M. J., & Barchas, J. D. Effects of naloxone on schizophrenia: Reduction in hallucinations in a subpopulation of subjects. Science, 1978, 201, 73–75.
Wikler, A. Requirements for extinction of relapse-facilitating variables and for rehabilitation in a narcotic-antagonist treatment program. In M. C. Braude, L. S. Harris, E. C. May, J. P. Smith, & J. E. Villarreal (Eds.), Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology (Vol. 8): Narcotic antagonists. New York: Raven Press, 1974.