Aesthetic gingival depigmentation procedures: clinical and patient responses
Tóm tắt
Oral pigmentation is a discoloration of the oral mucosa or gingiva due to a variety of lesions and conditions associated with several endogenous and exogenous etiologic factors and occurring in all races of mankind. Gingival hyperpigmentation may cause aesthetic problems and embarrassment especially when smiling. As the demand for cosmetic therapy of gingival melanin pigmentation is common, various methods including surgical scraping, burr abrasion, cryosurgery, split thickness flap excision, electrosurgery and laser ablation were successfully used to treat gingival hyperpigmentation. This set of case reports reviews the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques available for gingival depigmentation and reiterates the easy, efficacious and technique-friendly procedures to all practitioners.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Dummett CO. Oral pigmentation: first symposium of oral pigmentation. J Periodontol. 1960;31:356.
Roshna T, Nandakumar K. Anterior esthetic gingival depigmentation and crown lengthening: rreport of a case. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2005;6:139–47.
Atsawasuwan P, Greethong K, Nimmanon V. Treatment of gingival hyperpigmentaion for esthetic purposes by Nd: YAG laser: report of 4 cases. J Periodontol. 2000;71:315–21.
Tal H, Oegiesser D, Tal M. Gingival depigmentation by erbium: YAG laser: clinical observations and patient responses. J Periodontol. 2003;74:1660–67.
Almas K, Sadig W. Surgical treatment of melanin-pigmented gingiva: an esthetic approach. Indian J Dental Res. 2002;13(2):70–3.
Cicek Y, Ertas U. The normal and pathological pigmentation of oral mucous membrane: a review. J Contemp Dental Pract. 2003;4(3):76–86.
Pontes AE, Pontes CC, Souza SL, Novaes AB Jr, Grisi MF, Taba M Jr. Evaluation of the efficacy of the acellular dermal matrix allograft with partial thickness flap in the elimination of gingival melanin pigmentation. A comparative clinical study with 12 months of follow-up. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2006;18(3):135–43.
Mokeem SA. Management of gingival hyperpigmentation by surgical abrasion: report of three cases. Saudi Dental J. 2006;18(3):162–6.
Kauzman A, Pavone M, Blanas N, Bradley G. Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity: review, differential diagnosis and case presentation. J Can Dent Assoc. 2004;70(10):682–3.
Hatch CL. Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity. Dent Clin North Am. 2005;49(1):185–201.
Tal H, Landsberg J, Kozlovsky A. Cryosurgical depigmentation of the gingiva. A case report. J Clin Periodontol. 1987;14:614–7.
Yousuf A, Hossain M, Nakamura Y, Yamada Y, Kinoshita J, Matsumoto K. Removal of gingival melanin pigmentation with the semiconductor diode laser: a case report. J Clin Laser Med Surg. 2000;18:263–6.
Kanakamedala AK, Geetha A, Ramakrishan T, Emadi P. Management of gingival hyperpigmentation by the surgical scalpel technique—Report of three cases. J Clin Diagn Res. 2010;4:2341–6.
Rosa DS, Aranha AC, Eduardo Cde P, Aoki A. Esthetic treatment of gingival melanin hyperpigmentation with Er: YAG laser: short-term clinical observations and patient follow-up. J Periodontol. 2007;78:2018–25.
Azzeh MM. Treatment of gingival hyperpigmentation by erbium-doped: yttrium, aluminum, and garnet laser for esthetic purposes. J Periodontol. 2007;78:177–84.
Tal H. A novel cryosurgical technique for gingival depigmentation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991;24:292–3.