Những tiến bộ trong phân tích phân tử và phát triển các thử nghiệm lâm sàng của u tế bào mầm hệ thần kinh trung ương: Hướng đi hiện tại và tương lai

Current Oncology Reports - Tập 24 - Trang 105-112 - 2022
Hirokazu Takami1
1Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

Tóm tắt

Trong thập kỷ qua, đã có những cải tiến đáng kể trong việc quản lý và hiểu biết về bệnh sinh của các khối u tế bào mầm hệ thần kinh trung ương (GCTs) thông qua các nghiên cứu phân tích gen và épigen, cùng với các kết quả đã được công bố từ các thử nghiệm lâm sàng. Bài đánh giá này nhấn mạnh các phát hiện mới nhằm cập nhật kiến thức và thông tin tốt hơn cho các hướng đi trong tương lai. Các khối u GCTs của hệ thần kinh trung ương có đặc điểm là các đột biến ở con đường MAPK hoặc PI3K. Germinoma có sự hypo-methyl hóa toàn cầu rõ rệt, tương tự như tế bào nguồn mà nó được cho là phát sinh từ. Cụm micro RNA mir-371-373 và mir-302/367 đặc trưng cho GCTs, có khả năng cho xét nghiệm sinh thiết lỏng. Các thử nghiệm lâm sàng đã chỉ ra rằng việc chiếu xạ toàn bộ các não thất cho germinoma và xạ trị tại chỗ cho các GCT không germinoma khu trú dường như là đủ để kiểm soát khối u. Những tiến bộ trong các nghiên cứu cơ bản, chuyển giao và lâm sàng đang cải thiện hiểu biết của chúng ta về căn bệnh hiếm gặp này. Cần có thêm các nghiên cứu, đặc biệt trong lĩnh vực radiomics, sinh thiết lỏng, các biến thể cấu trúc gen và phân tầng điều trị, để có thể cấu trúc tốt hơn kế hoạch quản lý trong tương lai.

Từ khóa

#u tế bào mầm #hệ thần kinh trung ương #phân tích gen #sinh thiết lỏng #radiomics #thử nghiệm lâm sàng

Tài liệu tham khảo

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