Adaptive morphology of song dialects in Darwin's finches

Robert I. Bowman1
1From the Department of Biological Sciences, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, USA

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Abbott, I., L. K. Abbott &P. R. Grant (1977): Comparative ecology of Galápagos ground finches (Geospiza Gould): evaluation of the importance of floristic diversity and interspecific competition. Ecol. Monogr. 47: 151–184.

Baptista, L. F. (1975): Song dialects and demes in sedentary populations of the white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli). Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 105: 1–52.

Beebe, W. (1924): Galapagos: world's end. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York.

Ditto (1926): The Arcturus adventure. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York.

Bergmann, H.-H. (1976): Konstitutionsbedingte Merkmale in Gesängen und Rufen europäischer Grasmücken (Gattung:Sylvia). Z. Tierpsychol. 42: 315–329.

Billeb, S. L. (1968): Song variation in three island populations of Galápagos warbler finch (Certhidea olivacea Gould). M. A. thesis, San Francisco State University.

Brown, W. L. &E. O. Wilson (1956): Character displacement. Syst. Zool. 5: 49–64.

Bowman, R. I. (1961): Morphological differentiation and adaptation in the Galápagos finches. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 58: 1–302.

Ditto (1963): Evolutionary patterns in Darwin's finches. Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci. 44: 107–140.

Ditto (1980): The evolution of song in Darwin's finches. InBowman, R. I. &A. E. Leviton (Eds.): Patterns of evolution in Galápagos organism. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. Pac. Div., San Francisco.

Chapman, F. M. (1940): The post-glacial history ofZonotrichia capensis. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 77: 381–438.

Chappuis, C. (1971): Un example de l'influence du milieu sur les emission vocales des oiseaux: l'evolution des chants en foret equatoriale. Terre et Vie 25: 183–202.

Cody, M. L. (1969): Convergent characteristics in sympatric species: a possible relation to interspecific competition and aggression. Condor 71: 222–239.

Ditto (1973): Character displacement. Ann. Rev. Syst. Ecol. 4: 189–201.

Ditto (1974): Competition and the structure of bird communities. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton.

Ditto &J. H. Brown (1970): Character convergence in Mexican finches. Evolution 24: 304–310.

Curio, E. &P. Kramer (1965):Geospiza conirostris auf Abingdon und Wenman entdeckt. J. Orn. 106: 355–357.

Cutler, B. D. (1970): Anatomical studies on the syrinx of Darwin's finches. M. A. thesis, San Francisco State University.

Dooling, R. J., J. A. Mulligan &J. D. Miller (1971): Auditory sensitivity and song spectrum on the common canary (Serinus canarius). J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 50: 700–709.

Gifford, W. E. (1919): Field notes on the land birds of the Galápagos Islands and of Cocos Island, Costa Rica. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 189–258.

Grant, P. R. (1966): The coexistence of two wren species of the genusThryothorus. Wilson Bull. 78: 266–278.

Greenewalt, C. H. (1968): Bird song: acoustics and physiology. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C.

Grimes, L. G. (1974): Dialects and geographical variation in the song of the splendid sunbirdNectarinia coccinigaster. Ibis 116: 314–329.

Gulledge, J. L. (1970): An analysis of song in the mockingbird generaNesomimus andMimus. M. A. thesis, San Francisco State University.

Harris, M. A. &R. R. Lemon (1972): Songs of song sparrows (Melospiza melodia); individual variation and dialects. Can. J. Zool. 50: 301–309.

Heuwinkel, H. (1978): Der Gesang des Teichrohrsängers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Schalldruckpegel (“Lautstärke”-) Verhältnisse. J. Orn. 119: 450–461.

Hope, S. (1976): Determinants of form in vocalizations of the Steller's jay. M. A. thesis, San Francisco State University.

Ingård, U. (1953): A review of the influence of meteorological conditions on sound propagation. J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 25: 405–411.

Jilka, A. &B. Leisler (1974): Die Einpassung dreier Rohrsängerarten (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, A. scirpaceus, A. arundinaceus) in ihre Lebensräume in bezug auf das Frequenzspektrum ihrer Reviergesänge. J. Orn. 115: 192–212.

Jo, N. (1979): Karyotypic analysis of Darwin's finches. InBowman, R. I. &A. E. Leviton (Eds.): Patterns of evolution in Galápagos organisms. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. Pac. Div., San Francisco.

King, J. R. (1972): Variation in the song of the rufous-collared sparrow,Zonotrichia capensis, in northwestern Argentina. Z. Tierpsychol. 25: 155–169.

Konishi, M. (1970 a): Comparative neurophysiological studies of hearing and vocalizations in songbirds. Z. vergl. Physiol. 66: 257–272.

Ditto (1970 b): Evolution of design features in the coding of species-specificity. Amer. Zool. 10: 67–72.

Ditto (1973): Locatable and nonlocatable acoustic signals for barn owls. Amer. Nat. 107: 775–785.

Lack, D. (1945): The Galápagos finches (Geospizinae): a study in variation. Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci. 21: 1–152.

Ditto &H. N. Southern (1949): Birds of Tenerife. Ibis 91: 607–626.

Lanyon, W. E. (1967): Revision and probable evolution of theMyiarchus flycatchers of the West Indies. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 136: 329–370.

Ditto (1978): Revision of theMyiarchus flycatchers of South America. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 161: 427–628.

Lemon, R. E. (1971): Differentiation of song dialects in cardinals. Ibis 113: 373–377.

Ditto (1975): How birds develop song dialects. Condor 77: 385–406.

Marler, P. (1955): Characteristics of some animal calls. Nature 176: 6–8.

Ditto (1960): Bird song and mate selection. InLanyon, W. E. &W. N. Tavolga (Eds.): Animal sounds and Communication. Amer. Inst. Biol. Sci. Publ. 7: 348–367.

Ditto (1970): A comparative approach to vocal learning. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. Monogr. 71: 1–25.

Marler, P. &D. J. Boatman (1951): Observations on the birds of Pico, Azores. Ibis 93: 90–9.

Ditto &M. Tamura (1962): Song “dialects” in three populations of white-crowned sparrows. Condor 64: 367–377.

Marten, K. &P. Marler (1977): Sound transmission and its significance for animal vocalization. I. Temperate habitats. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2: 271–290.

Ditto,D. Quine &P. Marler (1977): Sound transmission and its significance for animal vocalization. II. Tropical forest habitats. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2: 291–302.

Mayr, E. (1942): Systematics and the origin of species. Columbia Univ. Press, New York.

Mirksy, E. N. (1976): Song divergence in humingbird and junco populations on Guadalupe Island. Condor 78: 230–235.

Morton, E. S. (1975): Ecological sources of selection on avian sounds. Amer. Nat. 109: 17–34.

Nottebohm, F. (1972): The origin of vocal learning. Amer. Nat. 106: 116–140.

Ditto (1975): Continental patterns of song variability inZonotrichia capensis: some possible ecological correlates. Amer. Nat. 109: 605–624.

Orejuela, J. E. &M. L. Morton (1975): Song dialects in several populations of mountain white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha) in the Sierra Nevada. Condor 77: 145–153.

Peterson, A. P. G. &E. E. Gross (1972): Handbook of noise measurement, 7th edition. General Radio Company, Concord, Mass.

Polans, N. O. (1980): Enzyme polymorphisms in Galápagos finches. InBowman, R. I. &A. E. Leviton (Eds.): Patterns of evolution in Galápagos organism. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. Pac. Div., San Francisco.

Rothschild, W. &E. Hartert (1899): A review of the ornithology of the Galapagos Islands. With notes on the Webster-Harris expedition. Novit. Zool. 6: 85–205.

Ditto (1902): Further notes on the fauna of the Galapagos Islands. Novit. Zool. 9: 373–418.

Simkin, G. (1973): Z. Zhurn. 52: 1261–1263.

Snodgrass, R. E. &E. Heller (1904): Papers from the Hopkins-Stanford Galapagos expedition, 1898–1899. XVI. Birds. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 5: 231–372.

Thielcke, G. (1965): Gesangsgeographische Variation des Gartenbaumläufers (Certhia brachydactyla) im Hinblick auf das Artbildungs-problem. Z. Tierpsychol. 22: 542–566.

Ditto (1969): Geographic variation in bird vocalizations. InR. A. Hinde (Ed.): Bird vocalizations, 311–339. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.

Ward, W. V. (1964): The songs of the apapane. Living Bird 3: 97–117.

Welty, J. C. (1975): The life of birds. 2nd ed. Saunders, Philadelphia.

Witkin, S. R. (1977): The importance of directional sound radiation in avian vocalization. Condor 79: 490–493.

Wilson, G. P. (1968): Instruction book for Galápagos Islands project: acoustical measuring equipment. Wilson, Ihrig & Assoc., Oakland, California.

Wood, A. (1947): Acoustics. Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York.