Adaptive immune response to viral infections in the central nervous system
Tài liệu tham khảo
Aggarwal, 2003, Interleukin-23 promotes a distinct CD4 T cell activation state characterized by the production of interleukin-17, J Biol Chem, 278, 1910, 10.1074/jbc.M207577200
Alter, 2003, Determinants of human B cell migration across brain endothelial cells, J Immunol, 170, 4497, 10.4049/jimmunol.170.9.4497
Amlie-Lefond, 1995, The vasculopathy of varicella-zoster virus encephalitis, Ann Neurol, 37, 784, 10.1002/ana.410370612
Appay, 2002, Characterization of CD4+ CTLs ex vivo, J Immunol, 168, 5954, 10.4049/jimmunol.168.11.5954
Asquith, 2008, How does HTLV-I persist despite a strong cell-mediated immune response?, Trends Immunol, 29, 4, 10.1016/j.it.2007.09.006
Babbitt, 1985, Binding of immunogenic peptides to Ia histocompatibility molecules, Nature, 317, 359, 10.1038/317359a0
Bailey, 2006, Innate and adaptive immune responses of the central nervous system, Crit Rev Immunol, 26, 149, 10.1615/CritRevImmunol.v26.i2.40
Banks, 2010, The blood–brain barrier and immune function and dysfunction, Neurobiol Dis, 37, 26, 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.07.031
Baringer, 2008, Herpes simplex infections of the nervous system, Neurol Clin, 26, 657, 10.1016/j.ncl.2008.03.005
Bechmann, 2007, What is the blood–brain barrier (not)?, Trends Immunol, 28, 5, 10.1016/j.it.2006.11.007
Becker, 2006, Innate and adaptive immune responses in CNS disease, Clin Neurosci Res, 6, 227, 10.1016/j.cnr.2006.09.003
Berg, 1977, Neurology – epitomes of progress: progressive rubella panencephalitis, West J Med, 127, 134
Binder, 2003, Immune-mediated clearance of virus from the central nervous system, Microbes Infect, 5, 439, 10.1016/S1286-4579(03)00047-9
Bjorkman, 1987, Structure of the human class I histocompatibility antigen, HLA-A2, Nature, 329, 506, 10.1038/329506a0
Bjorkman, 1987, The foreign antigen binding site and T cell recognition regions of class I histocompatibility antigens, Nature, 329, 512, 10.1038/329512a0
Boackle, 1998, Complement opsonization is required for presentation of immune complexes by resting peripheral blood B cells, J Immunol, 161, 6537, 10.4049/jimmunol.161.12.6537
Brooks, 2006, Interleukin-10 determines viral clearance or persistence in vivo, Nat Med, 12, 1301, 10.1038/nm1492
Brooks, 2008, IL-10 and PD-L1 operate through distinct pathways to suppress T-cell activity during persistent viral infection, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 105, 20428, 10.1073/pnas.0811139106
Brooks, 2008, IL-10 blockade facilitates DNA vaccine-induced T cell responses and enhances clearance of persistent virus infection, J Exp Med, 205, 533, 10.1084/jem.20071948
Burdeinick-Kerr, 2005, Gamma interferon-dependent, noncytolytic clearance of sindbis virus infection from neurons in vitro, J Virol, 79, 5374, 10.1128/JVI.79.9.5374-5385.2005
Burgoon, 2006, Recombinant antibodies generated from both clonal and less abundant plasma cell immunoglobulin G sequences in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis brain are directed against measles virus, J Neurovirol, 12, 398, 10.1080/13550280600957414
Cardona, 2008, Chemokines in and out of the central nervous system: much more than chemotaxis and inflammation, J Leukoc Biol, 84, 587, 10.1189/jlb.1107763
Carson, 1999, Disproportionate recruitment of CD8+ T cells into the central nervous system by professional antigen-presenting cells, Am J Pathol, 154, 481, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65294-7
Carson, 2006, CNS immune privilege: hiding in plain sight, Immunol Rev, 213, 48, 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2006.00441.x
Chavarria, 2004, Is damage in central nervous system due to inflammation?, Autoimmun Rev, 3, 251, 10.1016/j.autrev.2003.09.006
Chiba, 1973, Virus excretion and antibody response in saliva in natural mumps, Tohoku J Exp Med, 111, 229, 10.1620/tjem.111.229
Clifford, 2010, Natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis: lessons from 28 cases, Lancet Neurol, 9, 438, 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70028-4
Columba-Cabezas, 2003, Lymphoid chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 are expressed in the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: implications for the maintenance of chronic neuroinflammation, Brain Pathol, 13, 38, 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2003.tb00005.x
Conrady, 2010, Herpes simplex type I (HSV-1) infection of the nervous system: Is an immune response a good thing?, J Neuroimmunol, 220, 1, 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.09.013
Cserr, 1992, Cervical lymphatics, the blood–brain barrier and the immunoreactivity of the brain: a new view, Immunol Today, 13, 507, 10.1016/0167-5699(92)90027-5
Cserr, 1992, Drainage of brain extracellular fluid into blood and deep cervical lymph and its immunological significance, Brain Pathol, 2, 269, 10.1111/j.1750-3639.1992.tb00703.x
Davenport, 2007, The T cell repertoire in infection and vaccination: implications for control of persistent viruses, Curr Opin Immunol, 19, 294, 10.1016/j.coi.2007.04.001
de la Torre, 1996, Viral persistence in neurons alters synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions without destruction of brain cells, Virology, 220, 508, 10.1006/viro.1996.0340
Defrance, 2002, The life and death of a B cell, Adv Cancer Res, 86, 195, 10.1016/S0065-230X(02)86006-7
Derfuss, 2007, Presence of HSV-1 immediate early genes and clonally expanded T-cells with a memory effector phenotype in human trigeminal ganglia, Brain Pathol, 17, 389, 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2007.00088.x
Derfuss, 2009, The presence of lytic HSV-1 transcripts and clonally expanded T cells with a memory effector phenotype in human sensory ganglia, Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1164, 300, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.03871.x
Diamond, 2009, The host immunologic response to West Nile encephalitis virus, Front Biosci, 14, 3024, 10.2741/3432
Ellis, 2010, HIV and antiretroviral therapy: impact on the central nervous system, Prog Neurobiol, 91, 185, 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.10.016
Engelhardt, 2006, Regulation of immune cell entry into the central nervous system, Results Probl Cell Differ, 43, 259, 10.1007/400_020
Engelhardt, 2008, The blood–central nervous system barriers actively control immune cell entry into the central nervous system, Curr Pharm Des, 14, 1555, 10.2174/138161208784705432
Frey, 1997, Neurological aspects of rubella virus infection, Intervirology, 40, 167, 10.1159/000150543
Fujinami, 1980, Alterations in expression of measles virus polypeptides by antibody: molecular events in antibody-induced antigenic modulation, J Immunol, 125, 78, 10.4049/jimmunol.125.1.78
Fujinami, 1983, Antigenic modulation: a mechanism of viral persistence, Prog Brain Res, 59, 105, 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)63856-X
Fujinami, 1983, Molecular mimicry in virus infection: crossreaction of measles virus phosphoprotein or of herpes simplex virus protein with human intermediate filaments, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 80, 2346, 10.1073/pnas.80.8.2346
Fujinami, 1984, Antigenic modulation induced by monoclonal antibodies: antibodies to measles virus hemagglutinin alters expression of other viral polypeptides in infected cells, J Immunol, 132, 2618, 10.4049/jimmunol.132.5.2618
Furukawa, 2006, HTLV-I viral escape and host genetic changes in the development of adult T cell leukemia, Int J Cancer, 118, 381, 10.1002/ijc.21328
Galea, 2007, What is immune privilege (not)?, Trends Immunol, 28, 12, 10.1016/j.it.2006.11.004
Gilden, 1983, Slow virus diseases of the CNS. 1. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, progressive rubella panencephalitis, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Postgrad Med, 73, 99, 10.1080/00325481.1983.11698316
Gilden, 1988, Chronic progressive varicella-zoster virus encephalitis in an AIDS patient, Neurology, 38, 1150, 10.1212/WNL.38.7.1150
Glass, 2005, Chemokine receptor CCR5 promotes leukocyte trafficking to the brain and survival in West Nile virus infection, J Exp Med, 202, 1087, 10.1084/jem.20042530
Goff, 2007, Retroviridae: The retroviruses and their replication, 1999
Goldmann, 2006, T cells traffic from brain to cervical lymph nodes via the cribroid plate and the nasal mucosa, J Leukoc Biol, 80, 797, 10.1189/jlb.0306176
Gordon, 1992, Ovalbumin is more immunogenic when introduced into brain or cerebrospinal fluid than into extracerebral sites, J Neuroimmunol, 40, 81, 10.1016/0165-5728(92)90215-7
Grant, 2002, Human T cell leukemia virus type I and neurologic disease: events in bone marrow, peripheral blood, and central nervous system during normal immune surveillance and neuroinflammation, J Cell Physiol, 190, 133, 10.1002/jcp.10053
Griffin, 2003, Immune responses to RNA-virus infections of the CNS, Nat Rev Immunol, 3, 493, 10.1038/nri1105
Griffin, 2007, Alphaviruses, 1023
Griffin, 2010, Emergence and re-emergence of viral diseases of the central nervous system, Prog Neurobiol, 91, 95, 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.12.003
Grubor-Bauk, 2003, Impaired clearance of herpes simplex virus type 1 from mice lacking CD1d or NKT cells expressing the semivariant Vα14-Jα281 TCR, J Immunol, 170, 1430, 10.4049/jimmunol.170.3.1430
Grubor-Bauk, 2008, Importance of NKT cells in resistance to herpes simplex virus, fate of virus-infected neurons, and level of latency in mice, J Virol, 82, 11073, 10.1128/JVI.00205-08
Haginoya, 1995, Chronic progressive mumps virus encephalitis in a child, Lancet, 346, 50, 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92678-X
Hämmerling, 1973, Genetic control of the immune response. Frequency and characteristics of antigen-binding cells in high and low responder mice, J Exp Med, 137, 1180, 10.1084/jem.137.5.1180
Happel, 2003, Cutting edge: roles of Toll-like receptor 4 and IL-23 in IL-17 expression in response to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, J Immunol, 170, 4432, 10.4049/jimmunol.170.9.4432
Harling-Berg, 1989, Role of cervical lymph nodes in the systemic humoral immune response to human serum albumin microinfused into rat cerebrospinal fluid, J Neuroimmunol, 25, 185, 10.1016/0165-5728(89)90136-7
Haskins, 1983, The major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen receptor on T cells. I. Isolation with a monoclonal antibody, J Exp Med, 157, 1149, 10.1084/jem.157.4.1149
Hawke, 1998, Long-term persistence of activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes after viral infection of the central nervous system, J Exp Med, 187, 1575, 10.1084/jem.187.10.1575
Hickey, 1988, Perivascular microglial cells of the CNS are bone marrow-derived and present antigen in vivo, Science, 239, 290, 10.1126/science.3276004
Hirsch, 1984, Cellular immune responses during complicated and uncomplicated measles virus infections of man, Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 31, 1, 10.1016/0090-1229(84)90184-3
Hollander, 1987, Human immunodeficiency virus-associated meningitis. Clinical course and correlations, Am J Med, 83, 813, 10.1016/0002-9343(87)90635-8
Hooper, 2002, Immunopathology and immunoprotection in CNS virus infections: mechanisms of virus clearance from the CNS, Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 265, 163
Hüfner, 2006, Latency of α-herpes viruses is accompanied by a chronic inflammation in human trigeminal ganglia but not in dorsal root ganglia, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 65, 1022, 10.1097/01.jnen.0000235852.92963.bf
Hviid, 2008, Mumps, Lancet, 371, 932, 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60419-5
Imperiale, 2007, Polyomaviruses, 2263
Jahrling, 1983, Opsonization of alphaviruses in hamsters, J Med Virol, 12, 1, 10.1002/jmv.1890120102
Jamieson, 1991, Abrogation of tolerance to a chronic viral infection, J Immunol, 147, 3521, 10.4049/jimmunol.147.10.3521
Jeang, 2010, HTLV-1 and adult T-cell leukemia: insights into viral transformation of cells 30 years after virus discovery, J Formos Med Assoc, 109, 688, 10.1016/S0929-6646(10)60112-X
Johnson, 1987, The pathogenesis of acute viral encephalitis and postinfectious encephalomyelitis, J Infect Dis, 155, 359, 10.1093/infdis/155.3.359
Johnson, 1983, Measles encephalitis, Clin Exp Neurol, 19, 13
Johnson, 1984, Measles encephalomyelitis – clinical and immunologic studies, N Engl J Med, 310, 137, 10.1056/NEJM198401193100301
Joly, 1991, Viral persistence in neurons explained by lack of major histocompatibility class I expression, Science, 253, 1283, 10.1126/science.1891717
Julkunen, 1985, Elevated mumps antibody titers in the cerebrospinal fluid suggesting chronic mumps virus infection in the central nervous system, Pediatr Infect Dis, 4, 99, 10.1097/00006454-198501000-00023
Kägi, 1996, Different roles for cytotoxic T cells in the control of infections with cytopathic versus noncytopathic viruses, Curr Opin Immunol, 8, 472, 10.1016/S0952-7915(96)80033-1
Kägi, 1995, The roles of perforin- and Fas-dependent cytotoxicity in protection against cytopathic and noncytopathic viruses, Eur J Immunol, 25, 3256, 10.1002/eji.1830251209
Kang, 2008, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis infection of the central nervous system, Front Biosci, 13, 4529, 10.2741/3021
Kang, 2009, Inflammation on the mind: Visualizing immunity in the central nervous system, Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 334, 227
Kaplan, 2007, Regional immunity and immune privilege, Chem Immunol Allergy, 92, 11, 10.1159/000099237
Karman, 2004, Dendritic cells in the initiation of immune responses against central nervous system-derived antigens, Immunol Lett, 92, 107, 10.1016/j.imlet.2003.10.017
Karman, 2004, Initiation of immune responses in brain is promoted by local dendritic cells, J Immunol, 173, 2353, 10.4049/jimmunol.173.4.2353
Kimura, 2000, The role of CD8+ T cells and major histocompatibility complex class I expression in the central nervous system of mice infected with neurovirulent Sindbis virus, J Virol, 74, 6117, 10.1128/JVI.74.13.6117-6125.2000
Klein, 2008, Immunological headgear: antiviral immune responses protect against neuroinvasive West Nile virus, Trends Mol Med, 14, 286, 10.1016/j.molmed.2008.05.004
Klein, 2005, Neuronal CXCL10 directs CD8+ T-cell recruitment and control of West Nile virus encephalitis, J Virol, 79, 11457, 10.1128/JVI.79.17.11457-11466.2005
Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, 2005, Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy complicating treatment with natalizumab and interferon beta-1a for multiple sclerosis, N Engl J Med, 353, 369, 10.1056/NEJMoa051782
Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, 1996, The patterns of varicella zoster virus encephalitis, Hum Pathol, 27, 927, 10.1016/S0046-8177(96)90220-8
Knopf, 1998, Antigen-dependent intrathecal antibody synthesis in the normal rat brain: tissue entry and local retention of antigen-specific B cells, J Immunol, 161, 692, 10.4049/jimmunol.161.2.692
Koralnik, 2002, Overview of the cellular immunity against JC virus in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, J Neurovirol, 8, 59, 10.1080/13550280290167894
Koralnik, 2004, New insights into progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Curr Opin Neurol, 17, 365, 10.1097/00019052-200406000-00019
Kubota, 1994, HTLV-I proviral DNA amount correlates with infiltrating CD4+ lymphocytes in the spinal cord from patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy, J Neuroimmunol, 53, 23, 10.1016/0165-5728(94)90060-4
Kubota, 2000, Increased HTLV type 1 tax specific CD8+ cells in HTLV type 1-asociated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis: correlation with HTLV type 1 proviral load, AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 16, 1705, 10.1089/08892220050193182
Kuroda, 1999, Emergence of CTL coincides with clearance of virus during primary simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus monkeys, J Immunol, 162, 5127, 10.4049/jimmunol.162.9.5127
Lacey, 2007, Immune responses to BK and JC viruses in immunocompromised patients, Future Virol, 2, 255, 10.2217/17460794.2.3.255
Lane, 2006, Functional diversity of chemokines and chemokine receptors in response to viral infection of the central nervous system, Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 303, 1
Langer-Gould, 2005, Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient treated with natalizumab, N Engl J Med, 353, 375, 10.1056/NEJMoa051847
Lauterbach, 2007, Clearance of an immunosuppressive virus from the CNS coincides with immune reanimation and diversification, Virol J, 4, 53, 10.1186/1743-422X-4-53
Lawrence, 2000, Measles virus spread between neurons requires cell contact but not CD46 expression, syncytium formation, or extracellular virus production, J Virol, 74, 1908, 10.1128/JVI.74.4.1908-1918.2000
Lawrence, 2005, Frequency, specificity, and sites of expansion of CD8+ T cells during primary pulmonary influenza virus infection, J Immunol, 174, 5332, 10.4049/jimmunol.174.9.5332
Lederman, 1992, Identification of a novel surface protein on activated CD4+ T cells that induces contact-dependent B cell differentiation (help), J Exp Med, 175, 1091, 10.1084/jem.175.4.1091
Liu, 2006, Neuron-mediated generation of regulatory T cells from encephalitogenic T cells suppresses EAE, Nat Med, 12, 518, 10.1038/nm1402
Lukacher, 1984, In vivo effector function of influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones is highly specific, J Exp Med, 160, 814, 10.1084/jem.160.3.814
Magnus, 2005, Microglial expression of the B7 family member B7 homolog 1 confers strong immune inhibition: implications for immune responses and autoimmunity in the CNS, J Neurosci, 25, 2537, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4794-04.2005
Mäkelä, 1970, Analogies between lymphocyte receptors and the resulting humoral antibodies, Transplant Rev, 5, 3
Marra, 2007, Interpreting cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in HIV in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy, BMC Infect Dis, 7, 37, 10.1186/1471-2334-7-37
Marten, 2003, Kinetics of virus-specific CD8+ -T-cell expansion and trafficking following central nervous system infection, J Virol, 77, 2775, 10.1128/JVI.77.4.2775-2778.2003
Martín, 2006, Vaccine-derived poliovirus from long term excretors and the end game of polio eradication, Biologicals, 34, 117, 10.1016/j.biologicals.2006.02.005
Masson, 1986, Identification of granzyme A isolated from cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-granules as one of the proteases encoded by CTL-specific genes, FEBS Lett, 208, 84, 10.1016/0014-5793(86)81537-X
McArthur, 1989, Identification of mononuclear cells in CSF of patients with HIV infection, Neurology, 39, 66, 10.1212/WNL.39.1.66
McFarland, 1989, The cellular immune response to virus infection, 65
McGavern, 2002, T cells in the central nervous system: The delicate balance between viral clearance and disease, J Infect Dis, 186, S145, 10.1086/344264
McIntyre, 1983, The mouse T cell receptor: structural heterogeneity of molecules of normal T cells defined by xenoantiserum, Cell, 34, 739, 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90530-5
Medana, 2000, MHC class I-restricted killing of neurons by virus-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes is effected through the Fas/FasL, but not the perforin pathway, Eur J Immunol, 30, 3623, 10.1002/1521-4141(200012)30:12<3623::AID-IMMU3623>3.0.CO;2-F
Mehlhop, 2008, The molecular basis of antibody protection against West Nile virus, Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 317, 125
Mehta, 1994, Immune response in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, Ann N Y Acad Sci, 724, 378, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb38935.x
Melchers, 2003, Actions of BAFF in B cell maturation and its effects on the development of autoimmune disease, Ann Rheum Dis, 62, ii25
Meuer, 1983, Clonotypic structures involved in antigen-specific human T cell function. Relationship to the T3 molecular complex, J Exp Med, 157, 705, 10.1084/jem.157.2.705
Meuer, 1983, Antigen-like effects of monoclonal antibodies directed at receptors on human T cell clones, J Exp Med, 158, 988, 10.1084/jem.158.3.988
Miller, 2008, Chemokine action in the nervous system, J Neurosci, 28, 11792, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3588-08.2008
Mohamed, 2009
Mosmann, 1986, Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins, J Immunol, 136, 2348, 10.4049/jimmunol.136.7.2348
Mrass, 2006, Immune cell migration as a means to control immune privilege: lessons from the CNS and tumors, Immunol Rev, 213, 195, 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2006.00433.x
Nanan, 2000, A novel sensitive approach for frequency analysis of measles virus-specific memory T-lymphocytes in healthy adults with a childhood history of natural measles, J Gen Virol, 81, 1313, 10.1099/0022-1317-81-5-1313
Naniche, 2004, Decrease in measles virus-specific CD4 T cell memory in vaccinated subjects, J Infect Dis, 190, 1387, 10.1086/424571
Nath, 2003, Rubella, 447
Nathanson, 2008, The pathogenesis of poliomyelitis: what we don't know, Adv Virus Res, 71, 1, 10.1016/S0065-3527(08)00001-8
Nathanson, 2007, Immune responses to viral infection, 72
Nathanson, 2007, Innate immunity, 59
Nathanson, 2007, Viral persistence, 130
Nathanson, 2007, The sequential steps in viral infection, 14
Navia, 1986, The AIDS dementia complex: II. Neuropathology, Ann Neurol, 19, 525, 10.1002/ana.410190603
Navia, 1986, The AIDS dementia complex: I. Clinical features, Ann Neurol, 19, 517, 10.1002/ana.410190602
Noelle, 1992, A 39-kDa protein on activated helper T cells binds CD40 and transduces the signal for cognate activation of B cells, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 89, 6550, 10.1073/pnas.89.14.6550
Okabe, 1983, Characterization of the human peripheral blood effector cells mediating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against respiratory syncytial virus, Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 27, 200, 10.1016/0090-1229(83)90070-3
Oldstone, 1982, Virus-induced alterations in homeostasis: alteration in differentiated functions of infected cells in vivo, Science, 218, 1125, 10.1126/science.7146898
Overman, 1958, Viremia in human mumps virus infections, AMA Arch Intern Med, 102, 354, 10.1001/archinte.1958.00030010354002
Pachter, 2003, The blood–brain barrier and its role in immune privilege in the central nervous system, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 62, 593, 10.1093/jnen/62.6.593
Paessler, 2006, Replication and clearance of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus from the brains of animals vaccinated with chimeric SIN/VEE viruses, J Virol, 80, 2784, 10.1128/JVI.80.6.2784-2796.2006
Paessler, 2007, Alpha-beta T cells provide protection against lethal encephalitis in the murine model of VEEV infection, Virology, 367, 307, 10.1016/j.virol.2007.05.041
Palese, 2007, Orthomyxoviridae: The viruses and their replication, 1647
Parra, 1999, IFN-γ is required for viral clearance from central nervous system oligodendroglia, J Immunol, 162, 1641, 10.4049/jimmunol.162.3.1641
Patterson, 2002, Immune-mediated protection from measles virus-induced central nervous system disease is noncytolytic and gamma interferon dependent, J Virol, 76, 4497, 10.1128/JVI.76.9.4497-4506.2002
Pedemonte, 2006, Mechanisms of the adaptive immune response inside the central nervous system during inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, Pharmacol Ther, 111, 555, 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.11.007
Podack, 1984, Cytolytic T cell granules. Isolation, structural, biochemical, and functional characterization, J Exp Med, 160, 695, 10.1084/jem.160.3.695
Podack, 1985, Isolation and biochemical and functional characterization of perforin 1 from cytolytic T-cell granules, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 82, 8629, 10.1073/pnas.82.24.8629
Poluektova, 2004, Neuroregulatory events follow adaptive immune-mediated elimination of HIV-1-infected macrophages: studies in a murine model of viral encephalitis, J Immunol, 172, 7610, 10.4049/jimmunol.172.12.7610
Prendergast, 2009, Immune cell entry to central nervous system – current understanding and prospective therapeutic targets, Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets, 9, 315, 10.2174/187153009789839219
Racaniello, 2007, Picornaviridae: The viruses and their replication, 795
Ramakrishna, 2002, Mechanisms of central nervous system viral persistence: the critical role of antibody and B cells, J Immunol, 168, 1204, 10.4049/jimmunol.168.3.1204
Ramakrishna, 2003, Control of central nervous system viral persistence by neutralizing antibody, J Virol, 77, 4670, 10.1128/JVI.77.8.4670-4678.2003
Ransohoff, 2009, Chemokines and chemokine receptors: standing at the crossroads of immunobiology and neurobiology, Immunity, 31, 711, 10.1016/j.immuni.2009.09.010
Rempel, 2004, Differential regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses in viral encephalitis, Virology, 318, 381, 10.1016/j.virol.2003.09.023
Roizman, 2007, Herpes simplex viruses, 2501
Romanowski, 1985, Conserved sequences and coding of two strains of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (WE and ARM) and Pichinde arenavirus, Virus Res, 2, 35, 10.1016/0168-1702(85)90058-9
Romanowski, 1985, Complete sequence of the S RNA of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (WE strain) compared to that of Pichinde arenavirus, Virus Res, 3, 101, 10.1016/0168-1702(85)90001-2
Roush, 2007, Historical comparisons of morbidity and mortality for vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States (The Vaccine-Preventable Disease Table Working Group), JAMA, 298, 2155, 10.1001/jama.298.18.2155
Roy, 2007, Failure to open the blood–brain barrier and deliver immune effectors to central nervous system tissues leads to the lethal outcome of silver-haired bat rabies virus infection, J Virol, 81, 1110, 10.1128/JVI.01964-06
Rubin, 2003, Mumps virus, 431
Sadiq, 1989, Humoral immune response to virus infection, 51
Satou, 2010, HTLV-1 and the host immune system: How the virus disrupts immune regulation, leading to HTLV-1 associated diseases, J Clin Exp Hematop, 50, 1, 10.3960/jslrt.50.1
Savarin, 2008, Neuroimmunology of central nervous system viral infections: the cells, molecules and mechanisms involved, Curr Opin Pharmacol, 8, 472, 10.1016/j.coph.2008.05.002
Schneider-Schaulies, 1999, Measles virus in the CNS: the role of viral and host factors for the establishment and maintenance of a persistent infection, J Neurovirol, 5, 613, 10.3109/13550289909021290
Schneider-Schaulies, 2003, Measles infection of the central nervous system, J Neurovirol, 9, 247, 10.1080/13550280390193993
Serafini, 2004, Detection of ectopic B-cell follicles with germinal centers in the meninges of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, Brain Pathol, 14, 164, 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2004.tb00049.x
Sheridan, 2009, The dendritic and T cell responses to herpes simplex virus-1 are modulated by dietary vitamin E, Free Radic Biol Med, 46, 1581, 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.03.010
Shrestha, 2006, CD8+ T cells require perforin to clear West Nile virus from infected neurons, J Virol, 80, 119, 10.1128/JVI.80.1.119-129.2006
Slifka, 1995, Bone marrow is a major site of long-term antibody production after acute viral infection, J Virol, 69, 1895, 10.1128/JVI.69.3.1895-1902.1995
Slifka, 1998, Humoral immunity due to long-lived plasma cells, Immunity, 8, 363, 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80541-5
Smith, 2009, Pleocytosis is associated with disruption of HIV compartmentalization between blood and cerebral spinal fluid viral populations (HNRC Group), Virology, 385, 204, 10.1016/j.virol.2008.11.010
Spudich, 2005, Cerebrospinal fluid HIV infection and pleocytosis: relation to systemic infection and antiretroviral treatment, BMC Infect Dis, 5, 98, 10.1186/1471-2334-5-98
Steel, 2009, Peripheral dendritic cells are essential for both the innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses in the central nervous system, Virology, 387, 117, 10.1016/j.virol.2009.01.032
Stevenson, 1997, The immunogenicity of intracerebral virus infection depends on anatomical site, J Virol, 71, 145, 10.1128/JVI.71.1.145-151.1997
Streilein, 2003, Interview about immune privilege with J. Wayne Streilein, Mod Asp Immunobiol, 3, 14
Tan, 2010, Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other disorders caused by JC virus: clinical features and pathogenesis, Lancet Neurol, 9, 425, 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70040-5
Tenembaum, 2007, Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Neurology, 68, S23, 10.1212/01.wnl.0000259404.51352.7f
Theil, 2001, Prevalence of HSV-1 LAT in human trigeminal, geniculate and vestibular ganglia and its implication for cranial nerve syndromes, Brain Pathol, 11, 408, 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2001.tb00408.x
Theil, 2003, Latent herpesvirus infection in human trigeminal ganglia causes chronic immune response, Am J Pathol, 163, 2179, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63575-4
Thomsen, 2009, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced central nervous system disease: a model for studying the role of chemokines in regulating the acute antiviral CD8+ T-cell response in an immune-privileged organ, J Virol, 83, 20, 10.1128/JVI.00682-08
Tishon, 1993, Cytotoxic T lymphocytes cleanse viral gene products from individually infected neurons and lymphocytes in mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Virology, 197, 463, 10.1006/viro.1993.1613
Townsend, 1982, Neuropathology of progressive rubella panencephalitis after childhood rubella, Neurology, 32, 185, 10.1212/WNL.32.2.185
Trandem, 2010, Regulatory T cells inhibit T cell proliferation and decrease demyelination in mice chronically infected with a coronavirus, J Immunol, 184, 4391, 10.4049/jimmunol.0903918
Tschen, 2002, Recruitment kinetics and composition of antibody-secreting cells within the central nervous system following viral encephalomyelitis, J Immunol, 168, 2922, 10.4049/jimmunol.168.6.2922
Tschen, 2006, CNS viral infection diverts homing of antibody-secreting cells from lymphoid organs to the CNS, Eur J Immunol, 36, 603, 10.1002/eji.200535123
Tsunoda, 2008, Regulatory role of CD1d in neurotropic virus infection, J Virol, 82, 10279, 10.1128/JVI.00734-08
Unanue, 1971, Antigen-binding cells. I. Their idenification and role in the immune response, J Immunol, 107, 1168, 10.4049/jimmunol.107.4.1168
Waldschmidt, 2001, Immunology. Long live the mature B cell – a BAFFling mystery resolved, Science, 293, 2012, 10.1126/science.1065591
Walters, 1970, Demonstration of heavy and light chain antigenic determinants on the cell-bound receptor for antigen. Similarities between membrane-attached and humoral antibodies produced by the same cell, J Exp Med, 132, 1233, 10.1084/jem.132.6.1233
Wang, 2004, Immunity to West Nile virus, Curr Opin Immunol, 16, 519, 10.1016/j.coi.2004.05.008
Wang, 2003, IFN-γ-producing γδ T cells help control murine West Nile virus infection, J Immunol, 171, 2524, 10.4049/jimmunol.171.5.2524
Wang, 2004, Toll-like receptor 3 mediates West Nile virus entry into the brain causing lethal encephalitis, Nat Med, 10, 1366, 10.1038/nm1140
Webster, 1998, Teratogen update: congenital rubella, Teratology, 58, 13, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199807)58:1<13::AID-TERA5>3.0.CO;2-2
Wetz, 1993, Attachment of neutralizing antibodies stabilizes the capsid of poliovirus against uncoating, Virology, 192, 465, 10.1006/viro.1993.1062
Wherry, 2007, Molecular signature of CD8+ T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection, Immunity, 27, 670, 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.09.006
White, 1992, JC virus DNA is present in many human brain samples from patients without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, J Virol, 66, 5726, 10.1128/JVI.66.10.5726-5734.1992
Wolinsky, 1990, Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, progressive rubella panencephalitis, and multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis, 68, 259
Wolinsky, 1976, Persistence of neuroadapted mumps virus in brains of newborn hamsters after intraperitoneal inoculation, J Infect Dis, 133, 260, 10.1093/infdis/133.3.260
Wolinsky, 1982, Immunochemical features of a case of progressive rubella panencephalitis, Clin Exp Immunol, 48, 359
Yun, 2009, CD4+ T cells provide protection against acute lethal encephalitis caused by Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Vaccine, 27, 4064, 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.04.015
Zacks, 2010, Encephalitic alphaviruses, Vet Microbiol, 140, 281, 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.08.023
Zhou, 2003, Neutrophils promote mononuclear cell infiltration during viral-induced encephalitis, J Immunol, 170, 3331, 10.4049/jimmunol.170.6.3331
Zinkernagel, 1996, On immunological memory, Annu Rev Immunol, 14, 333, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.333