Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Khung Chính Sách Thích Ứng Đối Với Các Tác Động Của Biến Đổi Khí Hậu Đến Ngành Giao Thông Vận Tải Tại Các Quốc Gia Đang Phát Triển
Tóm tắt
Phản ứng toàn cầu với mối đe dọa của biến đổi khí hậu đã được thực hiện thông qua các biện pháp giảm thiểu bằng cách giảm lượng khí thải GHG; tuy nhiên, một số tác động của biến đổi khí hậu là không thể tránh khỏi và không thể ngăn chặn. Thích ứng được xem như một phương tiện cần thiết để giải quyết những tác động của biến đổi khí hậu không thể tránh khỏi, một số trong đó được dự đoán sẽ mang lại mưa lớn và thường xuyên hơn, dẫn đến lũ lụt. Mối đe dọa về lũ lụt, được gia tăng bởi sự đô thị hóa nhanh chóng, đã trở thành mối đe dọa cấp bách đối với giao thông đường bộ, ảnh hưởng không đồng đều đến các nước đang phát triển. Có một nhu cầu cấp thiết để thích ứng cơ sở hạ tầng giao thông với các tác động biến đổi khí hậu dự kiến nhằm giảm thiểu tổn thất về con người cũng như tổn thất kinh tế. Trong bài viết này, một đánh giá tổng hợp về tài liệu liên quan đến các biện pháp thích ứng biến đổi khí hậu trong giao thông đường bộ đã được thực hiện, sau đó là việc xác định các rào cản và thách thức trong việc thích ứng tại các quốc gia đang phát triển như Ấn Độ. Hơn nữa, một phương pháp tiếp cận mới đã được đề xuất để hình thành các chính sách thích ứng tại các quốc gia đang phát triển. Mục tiêu là tăng cường khả năng chống chịu của hệ thống giao thông đặc biệt là trước tình trạng lũ lụt đô thị do biến đổi khí hậu gây ra, giảm thiểu các tác động và củng cố khả năng thích ứng của hệ thống.
Từ khóa
#biến đổi khí hậu #thích ứng #giao thông vận tải #lũ lụt đô thị #các quốc gia đang phát triển #cơ sở hạ tầng giao thông #chính sách thích ứng #khả năng chống chịuTài liệu tham khảo
Annual Report (2016) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Aparicio A, Leitner M, Mylne K, Palin E, Sobrino N (2013) Support to transport and environment assessments-adaptation to climate change in the transport sector. European Environment Agency (EEA), Copenhagen
Atten K, Wittman S, Fiel R, Wipplinger P (2012) Detektion von Steinschlag und Muren an Eisenbahntrecken-DSME. AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna
Barfod E, Muller K, Saloranta T, Andersen J, Orthe NK, Wartiane A, Humstad T, Myrabo S, Engeset R (2013) The expert too XGeo and its applications in Nowegan Avalanche Forecasting Service, international snow science workshop Grenoble-Chamonix Mont-Blanc-7–11 October 2013, pp 282–284
Bipartisan Policy Center (BPC) (2012) Transportation adaptation to climate change (supported by The Rockfeller Foundation). Cambridge Systematics, Inc., Cambridge
Bipartisan Policy Center, National Transportation Policy Project (2009) Transportation adaptation to global climate change, supported by Rockfeller foundation
BMVI (2013) Shaping the future of waterways and navigation in times of climate change: what are we doing to adapt? German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI)
Bonduki N (2014) Plano Diretor de São Paulo não inviabiliza mercado imobiliário, mas regula a sua atuação. http://noticias.uol.com.br/opiniao/coluna/2014/06/16/plano-diretor-de-sao-paulo-nao-inviabiliza-mercado-imobiliario-mas-regulaa-sua-atuacao.htm. Accessed 17 Jun 2014
CCSP (2008) Impacts of climate change and variability on transportation systems and infrastructure: Gulf Coast Study, phase I. In: Savonis MJ, Burkett VR, Potter JR (eds) A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and Subcommittee on Global Change Research. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC
CEDEX (2013) Climate change adaptation needs of the core network of transport infrastructure in Spain. Final Report, Madrid
Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (2011) Climate change 101. Adaptation, Arlington
Climate Action Plan (2016) A Climate-Resilient Singapore, For a Sustainable Future, Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources and the Ministry of National Development
Climate Change Adaptation Plan (2012) Publication number: EPA 100-K-14-001. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York
Climate Change Adaptation Plan (2014) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York
Commission Staff Working Document (CSWD) (2013) Guidelines on developing adaptation strategies, accompanying document to ‘Communication from the commission to the European parliament, the council, the European economic and social committee and the committee of the regions’, An EU strategy on adaptation to climate change
Cook J, Oreskes N, Doran PT, Anderegg WR, Verheggen B, Maibach EW, Nuccitelli D (2016) Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming. Environ Res Lett 11(4):048002
Danish strategy for adaptation to a changing climate (2008) The Danish Government. https://en.klimatilpasning.dk/. Accessed 15 Apr 2018
Datafolha (2014) Datafolha Instituto de Pesquisa. Meio ambiente—PO813744. 21 e 22/05/2014
de Bruin K, Dellink RB, Ruijs A, Bolwidt L, van Buuren A, Graveland J, de Groot RS, Kuikman PJ, Reinhard S, Roetter RP, Tassone VC, Verhagen A, van Ierland EC (2009) Adapting to climate change in The Netherlands: an inventory of climate adaptation options and ranking of alternatives. Clim Change 95(1–2):23–45
De US, Dube RK, Rao GSP (2005) Extreme Weather Events over India in the last 100 years. J Indian Geophys Union 9(3):173–187
Devoli G et al (2013) National early warning system for forecasting the occurrence of debris flows and shallow slides in Norway, poster presented at International Workshop on Forecasting rainfall induced Hazards at European scale, I, 4 July 2013, Brussels
Di Giulio GM et al (2018) Mainstreaming climate adaptation in the megacity of São Paulo, Brazil. Cities 72:237–244
Di Giulio GM, da Penha Vasconcellos M (2014) Contribuições das Ciências Humanas para o debate sobre mudanças ambientais: um olhar sobre São Paulo. Estudos Avançados 28(82):41–63
Di Giulio GM et al (2015) A Megacidade de São Paulo e as Mudanças Climáticas: Carência e Urgência no Tempo e Espaço em Políticas Públicas Urbanas. (Anais 7° Encontro Nacional da Anppas)
DOT Climate Adaptation Plan (2014) Ensuring transportation infrastructure and system resilience. U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC
Eisenack K, Stecker R, Reckien D, Hoffmann E (2012) Adaptation to climate change in the transport sector: a review of actions and actors. Mitig Adapt Strat Glob Change 17(5):451–469
Eckstein D, Vera K, Laura S (2017) Global climate risk index 2018. Germanwatch, Bonn
Extreme weather events in India in the past 10 years, DownToEarth. http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/extreme-weather-events-in-india-in-the-past-10-years-46450. Accessed 21 Apr 2018
FACC (2014) New Zealand’s framework for adapting to climate change. Ministry for the Environment, Wellington
Fajersztajn L, Veras M, Saldiva PHN (2016) Como as cidades podem favorecer ou dificultar a promoção da saúde de seus moradores? Estudos Avançados 30:7–28. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-40142016.00100002
Final Report (2015) Evaluation of the Northern Transportation Adaptation Initiative (NTAI), Evaluation and Advisory Services, Transport Canada
Finn C (2013) AGU updates climate change position statement. Eos Trans Am Geophys Union 94(34):301–301
German Development Cooperation (2009) Adapting urban transport to climate change; contribution of the Wupertal institute in GTZ’s Sustainable Transport Sourcebook, module 5f
Gestão Doria quer flexibilizar Plano Diretor, Estadão. http://istoe.com.br/gestaodoria-quer-flexibilizar-plano-diretor/. Accessed 24 Feb 2018
Gulzar S (2014) Preliminary Guidelines for Repair, Restoration, Retrofitting & Rebuilding of Building Structures in Flood Affected Areas of Jammu & Kashmir
Hansson K, Hellman F, Grauret M, Lansen M (2010) the Blue Spot concept-methods to predict and handle flooding on highway systems in lowland areas, SWAMP, Summary report 1, ERA-NET project
Hensher DA (2008) Climate change, enhanced greenhouse gas emissions and passenger transport—what can we do to make a difference?. Transp Res Part D Transp Environ 13(2):95–111
INCCA (2010) The Indian Network for Climate Change Assessment, Government of India
IPCC (2014) Climate change 2014: synthesis report. In: Core Writing Team, Pachauri RK, Meyer LA (eds) Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, pp 151
Iraklis S, Evangelos M (2014) A review on climate change adaptation policies for the transportation sector. Center for research and Technology Hellas, Hellenic Institute of transport; Munich personal RePEc Archive (MPRA), October
Jacobs Engineering U.K. Ltd (2011) Scottish Road Network climate change study: UKCP09 update. No B0609802/03
Kaufman S, Qing C, Levenson N, Hanson M (2012) Transportation during and after Hurricane sandy. Rudin center for Transportation, NYU Wagner Graduate school of Public service
Khaladkar RM, Mahajan PN, Kulkarni JR (2009) Alarming rise in the number and intensity of extreme point rainfall events over the Indian region under climate change scenario. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology
Knapp KK, Kroeger P, Giese K (2000) Mobility and safety impacts of winter storm events in a freeway environment. Center for Transportation research and Education, Iowa State University, Ames
Koetse MJ, Rietveld P (2009) The impact of climate change and weather on transport: an overview of empirical findings. Transp Res Part D Transp Environ 14(3):205–221
Laukkonen J et al (2009) Combining climate change adaptation and mitigation measures at the local level. Habitat Int 33(3):287–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2008.10.003
Leiserowitz A, Thaker J (2012) Climate change in the Indian mind. Yale Project on Climate Change Communication, New Haven
Levy BS, Jonathan A, Patz (2015) Climate change, human rights, and social justice. Ann Glob Health 81(3):310–322
Lindeberg G, Tornqvist O, Metria AB (2014) ROADAPT blue spots: report for the Swedish Transport Administration. METRIA, Stockholm
Lindsey J, 2010, Overcoming social barriers to adaptation, background note. Overseas Development Institute, London
Lofling T, 2005, Instructions-Risk analysis chosen road stretch. Swedish Road Administration, Borlänge
Lourenço TC, Rovisco A, Groot A, Nilsson C, Füssel HM, Van Bree L, Street RB (2016) Adapting to an uncertain climate. Springer, Berlin
Maunsell Australia Pty Lt (2009) City of Melbourne. Climate Change Adaptation Strategy, Department of Climate Change, Australian Government
McCarthy J, Canziani O, Leary N, Dokken D, White K (eds) (2001) Climate change 2001: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability: contribution of working group II to the third assessment report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Michael APT, Philp M (2011) Adapting to climate change—implications for transport infrastructure, transport systems and travel behavior. Institute for Sustainable Systems and Technologies, University of South Australia, Adelaide
Meyer MD (2010) Design standards for U.S. transportation infrastructure: the implications of climate change. Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
MP exigirá de São Paulo o uso de combustível limpo na frota de ônibus, Época. http://epoca.globo.com/colunas-e-blogs/blog-do-planeta/noticia/2016/07/mpexigira-de-sao-paulo-o-uso-de-combustivel-limpo-na-frota-de-onibus.html. Accessed 18 Apr 2018
Monsalve C (2013) Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions Generated by the Transport Sector in ECA: Policy Options. Transport papers, no. 64. World Bank, Washington, DC
Moser H, Cullman J, Kolfalk S, Mai S, Nilson E, Rosner S, Becker P, Gratzki A, Schreiber KJ (2012) An integrated climate service for the transboundary river basin and coastal management in Germany, Climate Exchange. Nations World Meteorological Organization, Tudor Rose, pp 88–91
Moser SC, Ekstrom JA (2010) A framework to diagnose barriers to climate change adaptation. Proc Natl Acad Sci 107(51):22026–22031. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1007887107
National Climate Change Strategy (NCCS) 2012 Climate Change & Singapore: Challenges. Opportunities. Partnerships, National Climate Change Secretariat, Republic of Singapore
National Climate Resilience and Adaptation Strategy (2015) Government of Australia
Network Rail (2010) Railway drainage systems manual part 1: purpose, scope and general management requirements. Bracknell
New York City Panel on Climate Change (NYCPCC) (2010) Climate change adaptation in New York City: building a risk management response: 2010 report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1196:1–354
New Zealand Infrastructure Plans (2010, 2011, 2015) The Treasury. http://www.infrastructure.govt.nz/plan. Accessed 22 Apr 2018
Oliveira JAP (2006) Desafios do planejamento em políticas públicas: diferentes visões e práticas. Revista de Administração Pública 40(2):273–287. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-76122006000200006
Pandve HT (2009) India's national action plan on climate change. Indian J Occup Environ Med 13(1):17–19
Parry M, Canziani O, Palutikof J, Van der Linder P, Hanson CE (eds) (2007) Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability, contribution of working group II to the 4th assessment report of IPCC. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
PCGCC (2008) PEW on India’s NAPCC. Pew Centre on Global Climate Change, (June), p 3
PEW (2008) Adaptation planning—what U.S. states and localities are doing. PEW Center on Global Climate Change, USA
Picketts IM, Andrey J, Matthews L et al (2016) Climate change adaptation strategies for transportation infrastructure in Prince George, Canada. Reg Environ Change 16(4):1109–1120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-015-0828-8
Plano de Mobilidade de São Paulo (2015) Prefeitura De São Paulo. http://www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cidade/secretarias/upload/chamadas/planmobsp_v072__1455546429.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2018
Rachoy C (2012) KLIWA: Anpassungsmassnahmen der ORR-infratruktur and den Klimawandel, presentation at the workshop ‘Neophyten auf Nahnanlagen’. OBB-infrastruktur AG and University Innsbruck, Innsbruck
Rede Nossa São Paulo (2015) 9ª Pesquisa sobre Mobilidade Urbana, Semana da Mobilidade. http://www.nossasaopaulo.org.br/pesquisas/mobilidadeurbana2015.pdf. Accessed 18 Apr 2018
RENFE (2012) The weather application of RENFE, in: Jornadas Internacionales: Perspectivas de la Adaptation al cambio climatico, 5–6 September 2012, Madrid
Richard AC, Nottage DS, Wratt, Janet F, Bornman, Jones K (eds) (2010) Climate change adaptation in New Zealand: future scenarios and some sectoral perspectives. New Zealand Climate Change Centre
RSSB (2014) Adapting to extreme climate change (T925), Rail Safety and Standards Board
Satterthwaite D (2008) Cities’ contribution to global warming: notes on the allocation of greenhouse gas emissions. Environ Urban 20(2):539–549
Scheikl M, Hanle A, Siebler P, Eisenbach S (2012) RISCAT, alpinfra and UBIMET, Salzburg, Vienna
Schwartz HGJr (2010) America’s climate choices: adaptation-a challenge to the transportation industry. Transportation Research Board webinar. Accessed 3 Nov 2010
Scottish Executive (2005) Scottish Road network climate change study. The Scottish Executive, Edinburg
Setzer J, Biderman R (2013) Increasing participation in climate policy implementation: a case for engaging SMEs from the transport sector in the city of São Paulo. Environ Plann C Politics Space 31(5):806–821
Snover AK, Whitely Binder LC, Lopez J, Willmott E, Kay JE, Howell D, Simmonds J (2007) Preparing for climate change: a guidebook for local, regional, and state governments
South Africa National Adaptation Strategy (2016) Department of Environmental Affairs, Republic of South Africa
State Highway Network Resilience National Programme Business Case (2014) NZ Transport Agency, New Zealand
Stenek V, Amado C, Connel R, Palin O, Wright S, Pope B, Hunter J, McGregor J, Morgan W, Washington R, Liverman D, Stanley B, Sherwin H, Kapelus, p., Andrande, C, Pabon D (2011) Climate risk and business ports. International Finance Corporation (World Bank Group), Washington, DC
Suarez P, Anderson W, Mahal V, Lakshmanan TR (2005) Impacts of flooding and climate change on urban transportation: a system wide performance assessment of the Boston Metro Area. Transp Res Part D Transp Environ 10(3):231–244
Synthesis Report (2015) International Practices on climate adaptation in transportation: findings from a virtual review. Federal Highway Administration, Office of Natural Environment, Washington, DC
The EU Strategy on adaptation to climate change, European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/clima/sites/clima/file/docs/eu_strategy_en.pdf. Accessed 17 Apr 2018
Trafikverket (2014) Total stop in traffic caused by nature-related events between 2007 and 2013: examples of how the total peak statistics can be used as risk identification method with regard to climate change. Swedish Transport Adminstration, Borlänge
Transport Scotland (2008) Scottish Road network climate change study: progress on recommendations. Transport Scotland, Edinburg
Transportation Research Board Special Report 290 (2008) Potential impacts of climate change on U.S. Transportation, Committee on Climate Change and U.S. Transportation, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Transportation Research Board, USA
Venugopal; BNGV, Madhusoodanan; DS, Xavier PK (2006) Increasing trend of extreme rain events over india in a warming environment. Sci Mag 314(December):1442–1445
WAG (2012) Adapting to our changing climate. Department of Environment and Conservations, Western Australian Government
Walker L, Figliozzi AM, Haire AR, McArthur J (2010) Climate action plans and long-range transportation plans in the pacific northwest: a review of the state of practice. Transportation Research Forum, Washington
xGeo, xgeo.no. http://www.xgeo.no/aboutXgeo.html. Accessed 17 Apr 2018
2014 India - Pakistan Floods, Wikipedia - The free encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_India-Pakistan_floods. Accessed 25 Mar 2018
2015 South Indian floods, Wikipedia - The free encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_South_Indian_floods. Accessed 25 Mar 2018