Acute effects of statin on reduction of angiopoietin-like 2 and glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation end-products levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a message from SAMIT (Statin for Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial)
Tóm tắt
Experimental ischemia–reperfusion models have shown that 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, statins, have cardioprotective effects. SAMIT (Statin Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial) is a multicenter prospective open randomized trial, designed to evaluate the effects of statin treatment from the earliest stage on cardioprotection in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Patients were randomly assigned to receive atorvastatin (initial dose of 40 mg at admission followed by the maintenance dose of 10 mg/day for 30 days) or not (control), and then immediately underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the culprit lesion. The primary endpoints were infarct size and left ventricular function. The secondary endpoints were major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and various biomarkers. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between 2 groups of the statin treatment group and the control group. The left ventricular ejection fraction increased at 6 months after the onset of AMI, compared with the baseline level in the atorvastatin group (P < 0.05), while it did not change in the control group. Although there were no significant differences in the MACCE, the changes in the levels of angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) (P < 0.05), and glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation end-products, (TAGE) (P < 0.01) were suppressed at 2 weeks in the atorvastatin group, compared with the control group. Statin therapy started early after the onset reduced the levels of ANGPTL2 and TAGE, and thus, might have cardioprotective effects in patients with AMI.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Hayashidani S, Tsutsui H, Shiomi T, Suematsu N, Kinugawa S, Ide T, Takeshita A (2002) Fluvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme reductase inhibitor, attenuates left ventricular remodeling and failure after experimental myocardial infarction. Circulation 105:868–873
Wright DG, Lefer DJ (2005) Statin mediated protection of ischemic myocardium. Vascul Pharmacol 42:265–270
Malik S, Sharma AK, Bharti S, Nepal S, Bhatia J, Nag TC, Narang R, Arya DS (2011) In vivo cardioprotection by pitavastatin from ischemic-reperfusion injury through suppression of IKK/NF-κB and upregulation of pAkt-e-NOS. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 58:199–206
Vilahur G, Casani L, Peria E, Juan-Babot O, Mendiata G, Crespo J, Badimon L (2014) HMG-CoA reductase inhibition prior reperfusion improve reparative fibrosis post-myocardial infarction in a preclinical experimental model. Int J Cardiol 175:528–538
Kurisu S, Ishibashi K, Kato Y, Mitsuba N, Dohi Y, Nishioka K, Kihara Y (2013) Effects of lipid-lowering therapy with strong statin on serum polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in patients with coronary artery disease. Heart Vessels 28:34–38
Kaneko H, Yajima J, Oikawa Y, Tanaka S, Fukamachi D, Suzuki S, Sagara K, Otsuka T, Matsuno S, Funada R, Kano H, Uejima T, Koike A, Nagashima K, Kirigaya H, Sawada H, Aizawa T, Yamashita T (2014) Effects of statin treatment in patients with coronary artery disease and chronic kidney disease. Heart Vessels 29:21–28
Okumura S, Sakakibara M, Hayashida R, Jinno Y, Tanaka A, Okada K, Hayashi M, Ishii H, Murohara T (2014) Accelerated decline in renal function after acute myocardial infarction in patients with high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio. Heart Vessels 29:7–14
de Lemos JA, Blazing MA, Wiviott SD, Lewis EF, Fox KA, White HD, Rouleau JL, Pedersen TR, Gardner LH, Mukherjee R, Ramsey KE, Palmisano J, Bilheimer DW, Pfeffer MA, Califf RM, Braunwald E, Investigators (2004) Early intensive vs a delayed conservative simvastatin strategy in patients with acute coronary syndrome: phase Z of the A to Z trial. JAMA 292:1307–1316
Cannon CP, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, Grayston JT, Muhlestein B, Glugliano RP, Cairns R, Skene AM, Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy-Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction-22 Investigators (2004) Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 350:1495–1504
Heeschen C, Hamm CW, Laufs U, Snapinn S, Böhm M, White HD (2002) Withdrawal of statins increases event rates in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 105:1446–1452
Pedersen TR, Faergeman O, Kastelein JJ, Olsson AG, Tikkanen MJ, Holme I, Larsen ML, Bendiksen FS, Lindahl C, Szarek M, Tsai J, Incremental Decrease in End Points Through Aggressive Lipid Lowering (IDEAL) Study Group (2005) High-dose atorvastatin vs usual-dose simvastatin for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction: the IDEAL study: a randomized control trial. JAMA 294:2437–2445
Lenderink T, Boersma E, Gitt AK, Zeymer U, Wallentin L, Van de Werf F, Hasdai D, Behar S, Simoons ML (2006) Patients using statin treatment within 24H after admission for ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes had lower mortality than non-users: a report from the first Euro Heart Survey on acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 27:1799–1804
Zhou Z, Rahme E, Pilote L (2006) Association between time of statin initiation after hospital discharge from acute myocardial infarction and risk of recurrence and mortality in patients > or =65 years of age. Am J Cardiol 97:155–159
Newby LK, Kristinsson A, Bhapkar MV, Aylward PE, Dimas AP, Klein WW, McGuire DK, Moliterno DJ, Verheugt FW, Weaver WD, Califf RM, SYMPHONY and 2nd SYMPHONY Investigator (2002) Sibrafiban vs aspirin to yield maximum protection from ischemic heart events post-acute coronary syndromes. Early statin initiation and outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes. JAMA 287:3087–3095
Li YH, Wu HL, Yang YH, Tsai HS, Chao TH (2007) Effect of early versus late in-hospital initiation of statin therapy on the clinical outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Int Heart J 48:677–688
Nakamura I, Oyama J, Komoda H, Shiraki A, Sakamoto Y, Taguchi I, Hiwatashi A, Komatsu A, Takeuchi M, Yamagishi S, Inoue T, Node K (2014) Possible effects of glimepiride beyond glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a preliminary report. Cardiovasc Diabetol 13:15
Inoue T, Komoda H, Nonaka M, Kameda M, Uchida T, Node K (2008) Interleukin-8 as an independent predictor of long-term clinical outcome in patients with coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol 124:319–325
Komoda H, Inoue T, Node K (2010) Anti-inflammatory properties of azelnidipine, a dihydropyridine-based calcium channel blocker. Clin Exp Hypertens 32:121–128
Oike Y, Tabata M (2009) Angiopoietin-like proteins–potential therapeutic targets for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Circ J 73:2192–2197
Doi Y, Ninomiya T, Hirakawa Y, Takahashi O, Mukai N, Hata J, Iwase M, Kitazono T, Oike Y, Kiyohara Y (2013) Angiopoietin-like protein 2 and risk of type 2 diabetes in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama study. Diabetes Care 36:98–100
Usui T, Ninomiya T, Nagata M, Takahashi O, Doi Y, Hata J, Fukuhara M, Kitazono T, Oike Y, Kiyohara Y (2013) Angiopoietin-like protein 2 is associated with chronic kidney disease in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama Study. Circ J 77:2311–2317
Huang CL, Wu YW, Wu CC, Hwang JJ, Yang WS (2015) Serum angiopoietin-like protein 2 concentrations are independently associated with heart failure. PLoS One 10:e0138678
Higashi Y, Noma K, Yoshizumi M, Kihara Y (2009) Endothelial function and oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases. Circ J 73:411–418
Huebschmann AG, Regensteiner JG, Vlassara H, Reusch JE (2006) Diabetes and advanced glycoxidation end products. Diabetes Care 29:1420–1432
Takeuchi M, Yamagishi S (2004) TAGE (toxic AGEs) hypothesis in various chronic diseases. Med Hypotheses 63:449–452
Sato T, Iwaki M, Shimogaito N, Wu X, Yamagishi S, Takeuchi M (2006) TAGE (toxic AGEs) theory in diabetic complications. Curr Mol Med 6:351–358
Takeuchi M, Takino J, Yamagishi S (2010) Involvement of the toxic AGEs (TAGE)-RAGE system in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications: a novel therapeutic strategy. Curr Drug Targets 11:1468–1482
Ramasamy R, Yan SF, Herold K, Clynes R, Schmidt AM (2008) Receptor for advanced glycation end products: fundamental roles in the inflammatory response: winding the way to the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1126:7–13
Del Turco S, Basta G (2012) An update on advanced glycation endproducts and atherosclerosis. Biofactors 38:266–274
Jain MK, Ridker PM (2005) Anti-inflammatory effects of statins: clinical evidence and basic mechanisms. Nat Rev Drug Discov 4:977–987