Acute Stress Hyperglycemia in Cats Is Associated with Struggling and Increased Concentrations of Lactate and Norepinephrine

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine - Tập 16 Số 2 - Trang 123-132 - 2002
J. S. Rand1, Emily Kinnaird2, A. J. Baglioni3, Judith K. Blackshaw1, Jean H. Priest4
1School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
2The Earlysville Animal Hospital, Earlysville, VA
3the Information Technology Center, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
4The School of Land and Food Sciences University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia

Tóm tắt

We characterized the changes in blood glucose concentrations in healthy cats exposed to a short stressor and determined the associations between glucose concentrations, behavioral indicators of stress, and blood variables implicated in stress hyperglycemia (plasma glucose, lactate, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine concentrations). Twenty healthy adult cats with normal glucose tolerance had a 5‐minute spray bath. Struggling and vocalization were the most frequent behavioral responses. There was a strong relationship between struggling and concentrations of glucose and lactate. Glucose and lactate concentrations increased rapidly and significantly in all cats in response to bathing, with peak concentrations occurring at the end of the bath (glucose baseline 83 mg/dL, mean peak 162 mg/dL; lactate baseline 6.3 mg/dL, mean peak 64.0 mg/dL). Glucose response resolved within 90 minutes in 12 of the 20 cats. Changes in mean glucose concentrations were strongly correlated with changes in mean lactate (r= .84;P<.001) and mean norepinephrine concentrations (r= .81;P< .001). There was no significant correlation between changes in mean glucose concentrations and changes in mean insulin, glucagon, cortisol, or epinephrine concentrations. Struggling and lactate concentrations were predictive of hyperglycemia. Gluconeogenesis stimulated by lactate release is the likely mechanism for hyperglycemia in healthy cats in this model of acute stress. Careful handling techniques that minimize struggling associated with blood collection may reduce the incidence of stress hyperglycemia in cats.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Leidinger K, 1989, Klinische und labordiagnos‐tische untersuchungen zum phanomen der hyperglykamie der katze, Kleintierpraxix, 34, 457

Opitz M., 1990, Zur stresshyperglykamie bei katzen (Stress hypergly‐cemia in cats), Berl Muench Tieraerztl Wochenschr, 103, 151

Kaneko JJ, 1992, Evaluation of serum fructosamine concentration as an index of blood glucose control in cats with diabetes mellitus, Am J Vet Res, 53, 1797, 10.2460/ajvr.1992.53.10.1797

10.1016/0168-1591(90)90079-S

10.1007/978-94-024-0980-2_4

10.1016/0168-1591(93)90062-T

10.1001/archfami.3.5.461

Archer J., 1979, Fear in Animals and Man, 56

Link KRJ, 1998, Glucose tolerance status of 57 cats from southeastern Queensland, J Am Vet Med Assoc, 213, 492

Nelson RW, 2000, Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 1438

Feldman EC, 1996, Canine and Feline Endocrinology and Reproduction, 339

Cannon WB., 1911, The emergency function of the adrenal medulla in pain and major emotions, Am J Physiol, 27, 356

Donaghue S, 1993, Handbook of Feline Medicine, 35

Conners CK., 1991, Sugars and Sweeteners, 115

10.1016/0306-4530(92)90022-Y

10.1111/j.1751-0813.1999.tb11714.x

AppletonDJ RandJS PriestJ et al.Reference values for glucose tolerance insulin tolerance and insulin sensitivity tests in normal cats. Proceedings of the 17th ACVIM Forum Chicago IL 1999(abstract).

10.1017/CBO9781139168342

Link KR, 1998, Reference values for glucose tolerance and glucose tolerance status in cats, J Am Vet Med Assoc, 213, 492, 10.2460/javma.1998.213.04.492

LutzTA.Feline Diabetes Mellitus: Review of Pathophysiology and Investigation of Diagnostic Tests. Brisbane Australia: The University of Queensland;1995.Thesis.

KinnairdE.Investigation of Stress Hyperglycaemia in Healthy Cats. Companion Animal Sciences. Brisbane Australia: The University of Queensland;1998.Thesis.

10.1016/S0195-5616(95)50053-1

10.1111/j.1439-0442.1993.tb00634.x

Mathews C, 1996, Biochemistry, 554

10.1146/annurev.ph.58.030196.003025

Lecavallier L, 1989, Contributions of gluco‐neogenesis and glycogenolysis during glucose counterregulations in normal humans, Am J Physiol, 256, E844

Rand JS., 1997, Management of feline diabetes, Aust Vet Pract, 27, 68

10.1172/JCI109718

DeFronzo R, 1980, Synergistic interactions of counterregulatory hormones: A mechanism for stress hyperglycemia, Acta Chir Scand, 498, 33

Feldhahn JR, 1998, Insulin sensitivity in normal and diabetic cats, and normal cats under stress, J Vet Intern Med, 12, 238

Guyton A, 1996, Textbook of Medical Physiology, 779

10.1080/00325481.1993.11701704

Brand‐Miller JC, 1994, The carnivore connection: Dietary carbohydrate in the evolution of NIDDM, Diabetologia, 37, 1280, 10.1007/BF00399803

10.2527/jas1983.5716

10.1007/978-94-024-0980-2_5

10.1152/ajpendo.1984.247.1.E47

10.1210/edrv-10-3-332

Bolli G, 1991, The Endocrine Pancreas, 371

Sparks A, 1996, Inter‐ and intraindividual variability of the response to intravenous glucose tolerance testing in cats, Am J Vet Res, 57, 1294, 10.2460/ajvr.1996.57.09.1294

Guyton AC, 2000, Textbook of Medical Physiology, 697

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Tập 16 Số 2

123-132

Thông tin tác giả