Acute COPD Exacerbations

Wedzicha, 2007, COPD exacerbations: defining their cause and prevention, Lancet, 370, 786, 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61382-8

Donaldson, 2002, The relationship between exacerbation frequency and lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Thorax, 57, 847, 10.1136/thorax.57.10.847

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in primary and secondary care. Update 2010. Available at: http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG101/Guidance/pdf/English. Accessed December 18, 2013.

Donaldson, 2010, Increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke following exacerbation of COPD, Chest, 137, 1091, 10.1378/chest.09-2029

McAllister, 2012, Diagnosis of myocardial infarction following hospitalisation for exacerbation of COPD, Eur Respir J, 39, 1097, 10.1183/09031936.00124811

Suissa, 2012, Long-term natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: severe exacerbations and mortality, Thorax, 67, 957, 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201518

Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), 2013, Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of COPD. GOLD, Am J Respir Crit Care Med

Wilkinson, 2004, Early therapy improves outcomes of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 169, 1298, 10.1164/rccm.200310-1443OC

Mackay, 2013, Detection and severity grading of COPD exacerbations using the exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Tool (EXACT), Eur Respir J, 10.1183/09031936.00110913

Mackay, 2012, Usefulness of the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease assessment test to evaluate severity of COPD exacerbations, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 185, 1218, 10.1164/rccm.201110-1843OC

Seemungal, 2001, Respiratory viruses, symptoms and inflammatory markers in acute exacerbations and stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 164, 1618, 10.1164/ajrccm.164.9.2105011

Peacock, 2011, Outdoor air pollution and respiratory health in patients with COPD, Thorax, 66, 591, 10.1136/thx.2010.155358

Seemungal, 1998, Effect of exacerbation on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 157, 1418, 10.1164/ajrccm.157.5.9709032

Hurst, 2010, Susceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, N Engl J Med, 63, 1128, 10.1056/NEJMoa0909883

Wedzicha, 2013, Mechanisms and impact of the frequent exacerbator phenotype in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, BMC Medicine, 11, 181, 10.1186/1741-7015-11-181

Nichol, 2007, Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in the community-dwelling elderly, N Engl J Med, 357, 1373, 10.1056/NEJMoa070844

Calverley, 2007, Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, N Engl J Med, 356, 775, 10.1056/NEJMoa063070

Tashkin, 2008, A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, N Engl J Med, 359, 1543, 10.1056/NEJMoa0805800

Vogelmeier, 2011, Tiotorpium versus salmeterol for the prevention of COPD exacerbations, N Engl J Med, 364, 1093, 10.1056/NEJMoa1008378

Wedzicha, 2013, Analysis of COPD exacerbations with the dual bronchodilator QVA149 compared with glycopyrronium and tiotropium (SPARK): a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study, Lancet Respir Med, 1, 199, 10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70052-3

Calverley, 2009, M2-124 and M2-125 study groups. Roflumilast in symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: two randomised clinical trials, Lancet, 374, 685, 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61255-1

Wedzicha, 2013, Efficacy of roflumilast in the COPD frequent exacerbator phenotype, Chest, 143, 1302, 10.1378/chest.12-1489

Seemungal, 2008, Effect of erythromycin on exacerbations in COPD, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 178, 1139, 10.1164/rccm.200801-145OC

Albert, 2011, Azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations of COPD, N Engl J Med, 365, 689, 10.1056/NEJMoa1104623

Sethi, 2010, Pulsed moxifloxacin for the prevention of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial, Respir Res, 11, 10, 10.1186/1465-9921-11-10

McEvoy, 2009, Nocturnal non-invasive nasal ventilation in stable hypercapnic COPD: a randomised controlled trial, Thorax, 64, 561, 10.1136/thx.2008.108274

Anthonisen, 1987, Antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Ann Intern Med, 106, 196, 10.7326/0003-4819-106-2-196

Leuppi, 2013, Short-term vs conventional glucocorticoid therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease the REDUCE randomized clinical trial, JAMA, 309, 2223, 10.1001/jama.2013.5023

Roede, 2008, Antibiotic treatment is associated with a reduced risk of a subsequent exacerbation in obstructive lung disease: a historical population-based cohort, Thorax, 63, 968, 10.1136/thx.2008.095349

Hurst, 2009, Temporal clustering of exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 179, 369, 10.1164/rccm.200807-1067OC