Acoustic Spacing by Breeding Males of <i>Uperoleia rugosa</i> (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Wiley - Tập 64 Số 3-4 - Trang 283-297 - 1984
Jeremy Robertson1
1Department of Zoology, Australian National University, Canberra

Tóm tắt

Abstract and SummaryMales of Uperoleia rugosa called mainly at night in aggregations of regularly distributed males. The advertisement calls had a uniform sound pressure field and their attenuation closely followed the inverse square law, but excess attenuation by absorption and reflection in vegetation also occurred. There was little variation in the sound intensity of an individual's calls, but there was much variation of call intensity between males. Sound intensity did not correlate with body size or with ambient temperature. The playback of advertisement calls to territorial males showed three distinct behavioural thresholds that were evoked by particular sound intensities. The responses and thresholds were: 1) antiphonal calling at 76 dB; 2) encounter (territorial) calls at 84 dB; and 3) fight or flight at 91 dB. These thresholds are represented in a graphical model of male spacing. Encounter calls evoked the same behavioural responses but at much lower sound intensities (58, 67 and 68 dB respectively). The minimum territory depended on behavioural threshold (2), and in a homogeneous habitat was roughly circular with a radius equivalent to 84 dB. The area of the territory depended on the intensity of the resident's calls and on the density of vegetation at the calling site. For example, the minimum territory of a male in dense vegetation had a radius of 0.38 m while a male calling in the open had a territory radius of 0.72 m. The shape of the territory was influenced by the distribution of vegetation at the calling site. A nearest‐neighbour analysis of a chorus of calling males yielded a mean territory radius of 0.68 m in vegetation and 1.28 m in the open.ZusammenfassungMännchen des Frosches Uperoleia rugosa rufen besonders nachts aus Ansammlungen, in denen sie gleichmäßig verteilt sind. Die Laute werden nach alien Seiten gleichmäßig abgestrahlt. Die Lautstärke nimmt mit dem Quadrat der Entfernung ab; Dämpfung durch Absorption und Reflektion an der Vegetation kommt hinzu. Die Lautstärke war beim einzelnen Tier recht konstant, schwankte aber stark zwischen den Männchen, unabhängig von Körpergröße oder Umgebungstemperatur. Das Vorspielen der Anzeigerufe ergab bei Reviermännchen drei, bestimmten Schallintensitätsschwellen zugeordnete Verhaltensweisen: 1. Anzeigerufe als Antwortrufe bei 76 dB; 2. Revierrufe bei 84 dB; 3. Kampf oder Rückzug bei 91 dB. Revierrufe bewirkten dieselben Verhaltensreaktionen bei viel geringeren Schallintensitäten (58, 67 bzw. 68 dB). Das kleinste Ausmaß eines Reviers hing von dem 2. Verhaltensschwellenwert ab. In einem homogenen Habitat war es etwa kreisrund mit einem 84 dB entsprechenden Radius. Die Reviergröße hing von der Intensität des Rufs seines Besitzers ab und von der Dichte der Vegetation an der Rufstelle. Das Mindestrevier eines Männchens hatte in dichter Vegetation einen Radius von 0,38 m, in offenem Gelände von 0,72 m. Die Gestalt des Reviers hing von der Vegetation an der Rufstelle ab. Die Analyse der Verteilung der nächsten Nachbarn in einem Chor rufender Männchen ergab einen Revierradius von 0,68 m in der Vegetation und von 1,28 m im offenen Gelände.

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Wiley

Tập 64 Số 3-4

283-297

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