Acclimatization of micropropagated plantlets induces an antioxidative burst: a case study with Ulmus minor Mill.
Tóm tắt
In this article, the effects of increased light intensities on antioxidant metabolism during ex vitro establishment of Ulmus minor micropropagated plants are investigated. Three month old in vitro plants were acclimatized to ex vitro conditions in a climate chamber with two different light intensities, 200 μmol m−2 s−1 (high light, HL) and 100 μmol m−2 s−1 (low light, LL) during 40 days. Immediately after ex vitro transfer, the increase of both malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage in persistent leaves is indicative of oxidative stress. As the acclimatization continues, an upregulation of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme activities were also observed. Simultaneously, MDA content and membrane permeability stabilized, suggesting that the antioxidant enzymes decrease the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Unexpectedly, newly formed leaves presented a different pattern of antioxidative profile, with high levels of MDA and membrane leakage and low antioxidant enzyme activity. Despite these differences, both leaf types looked healthy (e.g. greenish, with no necrotic spots) during the whole acclimatization period. The results indicate that micropropagated U. minor plantlets develop an antioxidant enzyme system after ex vitro transfer and that, in general, LL treatment leads to lower oxidative stress. Moreover, new leaves tolerate higher levels of ROS without the need to activate the antioxidative pathway, which suggests that the environment at which leaves are exposed during its formation determinate their ability to tolerate ROS.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Ali, M.B., Hahn, E-J., Paek, K-Y.: Effects of light intensities on antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde content during short-term acclimatization on micropropagated Phalaenopsis plantlet. — Environ. Exp. Bot. 54: 109–120, 2005.
Agarwal, S., Sairam, R.K., Srivastava, G.C., Meena, R.C.: Changes in antioxidant enzymes activity and oxidative stress by abscisic acid and salicylic acid in wheat genotypes. — Biol. Plant. 49: 541–550, 2005.
Apel, K., Hirt, H.: Reactive oxygen species: Metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. — Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 55: 373–399, 2004.
Asada, K.: Production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species in chloroplasts and their functions. — Plant Physiol. 141: 391–396, 2006.
Bacelar, E.A., Santos, D.L., Moutinho-Pereira, J.M., Gonçalves, B.C., Ferreira, H.F., Correia, C.M.: Immediate responses and adaptative strategies of three olive cultivars under contrasting water availability regimes: Changes on structure and chemical composition of foliage and oxidative damage. — Plant Sci. 170: 596–605, 2006.
Baťková, P., Pospíšilová, J., Synková, H.: Production of reactive oxygen and development of antioxidative systems during in vitro growth and ex vitro transfer. — Biol. Plant. 52: 413–422, 2008.
Beers, R.F., Sizer, I.W.: A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase. — J. Biol. Chem. 195: 133–140, 1952.
Bradford, M.M.: A rapid and sensitive method for the quantiation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. — Anal. Biochem. 72: 248–254, 1976.
Brito, G., Costa, A., Coelho, C., Santos, C.: Large-scale field acclimatization of Olea maderensis micropropagated plants: morphological and physiological survey. — Trees 23: 1019–1031, 2009.
Carvalho, L.C., Amâncio, S.: Effect of ex vitro conditions on growth and acquisition of autotrophic behaviour during the acclimatisation of chestnut regenerated in vitro. — Sci. Hortic. 95: 151–164, 2002a.
Carvalho, L.C., Amâncio, S.: Antioxidant defence system in plantlets transferred from in vitro to ex vitro: effects of increasing light intensity and CO2 concentration. — Plant Sci. 162: 33–40, 2002b.
Conde, P., Loureiro, J., Santos, C.: Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from leaves of Ulmus minor Mill. — Plant Cell Reports 22: 632–639, 2004.
Conde, P., Sousa, A., Costa, A., Santos, C.: A protocol for Ulmus minor Mill. micropropagation and acclimatization. — Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 92: 113–119, 2008.
Chen, G.X., Asada, K.: Ascorbate peroxidase in tea leaves: occurrence of two isozymes and the differences in their enzymatic and molecular properties. — Plant Cell Physiol. 30: 987–998, 1989.
Dias, M.C., Pinto, G., Correia, C.M., Moutinho-Pereira, J., Guerra, C.C., Monteiro, C., Santos, C.: Effects of Light Intensity on Photosynthesis during Acclimatization of U. minor. — Proc. XVIIIth Congress FESPB, Valencia 2010.
Dhindsa, R.S., Plumbdhindsa, P., Thorpe, T.A.: Leaf senescence correlated with increased levels of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation, and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. — J. Exp. Bot. 32: 93–101, 1981.
Dunn, C.P.: The Elms-Breeding, Conservation and Disease Management. — Kluwer, Dordrecht 2000.
Estrada-Luna, A.A., Davies, F.T., Egilla, J.N.: Physiological changes and growth of micropropagated chile ancho pepper plantlets during acclimatization and post-acclimatization. — Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 66: 17–24, 2001.
Faisal, M., Anis, M.: Changes in photosynthetic activity, pigment composition electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes during ex vitro establishment of micropropagated Rauvolfia tetraphylla plantlets. — Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 99: 125–132, 2009.
FAO: State of the World’s Forests, 1999.
Foyer, C.H., Lelandais, M., Kunert, K.J.: Photooxidative stress in plants. — Physiol. Plant. 92: 696–717, 1994.
Foyer, C.H., Lopez-Delgado, H., Dat, J.F., Scott, I.M.: Hydrogen peroxide- and glutathione-associated mechanisms of acclimatory stress tolerance and signalling. — Physiol. Plant. 100: 241–254, 1997.
Guan, Q.Z., Guo, Y.H., Sui, X.L., Zhang, Z.X.: Changes on photosynthesis capacity and antioxidant enzymatic systems on micropropagated Zingiber officinale plantlets during their acclimation. — Photosynthetica 46: 193–201, 2008.
Harvengt, L., Meier-Dinkel, A., Dumas, E., Collin, E.: Establishment of a cryopreserved gene bank of European elms. — Can. J. Forest Res. 34: 43–55, 2004.
Hazarika, B.N.: Morpho-physiological disorders in in vitro culture of plants. — Sci. Hortic. 108: 105–120, 2006.
Ishikawa, T., Yoshimura, K., Sakai, K., Tamoi, M., Takeda, T., Shigeoka, S.: Molecular characterization and physiological role of a glyoxysome-bound ascorbate peroxidase from spinach. — Plant Cell Physiol. 39: 23–34, 1998.
Lutts, S., Kinet, J.M., Bouharmont, J.: NaCl-induced senescence in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in salinity resistance. — Ann. Bot. 78: 389–398, 1996.
Merkle, S.A., Nairn, C.J.: Hardwood tree biotechnology. — In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. Plant 41: 602–619, 2005.
Miyake, C., Asada, K.: Inactivation mechanism of ascorbate peroxidase at low concentrations of ascorbate; Hydrogen peroxide decomposes compound I of ascorbate peroxidase. — Plant Cell Physiol. 37: 423–430, 1996.
Nakano, Y., Asada, K.: Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. — Plant Cell Physiol. 22: 867–880, 1981.
Osório, M.L., Osório, J., Romano, A.: Chlorophyll fluorescence in micropropagated Rhododendron ponticum subsp. baeticum plants in response to different irradiances. — Biol. Plant. 54: 415–422, 2010.
Ort, D.R., Baker, N.R.: A photoprotective role for O2 as an alternative electron sink in photosynthesis?— Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 5: 193–198, 2002.
Park, Y.-S.: Implementation of conifer somatic embryogenesis in clonal forestry: technical requirements and deployment considerations. — Ann. Forest Sci. 59: 651–656, 2002.
Pinto, G., Silva, S., Loureiro, J., Costa, A., Dias, M.C., Araújo, C., Neves, L., Santos, C.: Acclimatization of secondary somatic embryos derived plants of Eucalyptus globulus Labill.: An ultrastructural approach. — Trees-Struc. Func. 25: 383–292, 2011.
Pospíšilová, J., Synková, H., Haisel, D., Čatský, J., Wilhelmová, N., Šrámek, F.: Effect of elevated CO2 concentrations on acclimation of tobacco plantlets to ex vitro conditions. — J. Exp. Bot. 50: 119–126, 1999.
Schützendübel, A., Polle, A.: Plant responses to abiotic stresses: heavy metal-induced oxidative stress and protection by mycorrhization. — J. Exp. Bot. 53: 351–1365, 2002.
Smirnoff, N.: Ascorbic acid: metabolism and functions of a multifacetted molecule. — Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 3: 229–235, 2000.
Sgherri, C.L.M., Loggini, B., Puliga, S., Navari-Izzo, F.: Antioxidant system in Sporobolus stapfianus: Changes in response to desiccation and rehydration. — Phytochemistry 33: 561–565, 1994.
Van Huylenbroeck, J.M., Piqueras, A., Debergh, P.C.: The evolution of photosynthesis capacity and the antioxidant enzymatic system during acclimatization of micropropagated Calathea plants. — Plant Sci. 155: 59–66, 2000.
Zhou, B.Y., Wang, J.H., Guo, Z.F., Tan, H.Q., Zhu, X.C.: A simple colorimetric method for determination of hydrogen peroxide in plant tissues. — Plant Growth Regul. 49: 113–118, 2006.