Accelerating materials development for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production: Standards for methods, definitions, and reporting protocols

Journal of Materials Research - Tập 25 Số 1 - Trang 3-16 - 2010
Zhebo Chen1, Thomas F. Jaramillo2, Todd G. Deutsch3, Alan Kleiman‐Shwarsctein4, Arnold J. Forman5, Nicolas Gaillard6, Roxanne Garland7, Kazuhiro Takanabe8, C. Heske9, Mahendra K. Sunkara10, Eric W. McFarland4, Kazunari Domen11, Eric L. Miller6, John A. Turner12, Huyen N. Dinh3
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
2Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305–5025
3Hydrogen Technologies and Systems Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden, Colorado 80401
4Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080
5Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California–Santa Barbara,Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080
6Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
7Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies, U.S. Department of Energy,Washington, District of Columbia 20585
8Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
9Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154‐4003
10Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
11Department of Chemical System Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
12Hydrogen Technologies & Systems Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,USA

Tóm tắt

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for hydrogen production is a promising technology that uses sunlight and water to produce renewable hydrogen with oxygen as a by-product. In the expanding field of PEC hydrogen production, the use of standardized screening methods and reporting has emerged as a necessity. This article is intended to provide guidance on key practices in characterization of PEC materials and proper reporting of efficiencies. Presented here are the definitions of various efficiency values that pertain to PEC, with an emphasis on the importance of solar-to-hydrogen efficiency, as well as a flow chart with standard procedures for PEC characterization techniques for planar photoelectrode materials (i.e., not suspensions of particles) with a focus on single band gap absorbers. These guidelines serve as a foundation and prelude to a much more complete and in-depth discussion of PEC techniques and procedures presented elsewhere.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1021/j100147a038

10.1103/PhysRev.108.1384

10.1088/0957-0233/16/6/002

10.1002/pssa.200521129

10.1016/0040-6090(92)90286-K

10.1016/S0375-6742(97)00069-1

10.1021/jp953720e

10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00108-9

10.1016/S0927-0248(01)00068-X

10.1063/1.1707803

10.1021/jp983555d

10.1080/14786437008221061

10.1073/pnas.0603395103

10.1007/s10854-006-8231-3

10.1063/1.1499752

10.1143/JJAP.44.L543

65. Technical Plan Hydrogen Production, Multi-Year Research, Development and Demonstration Plan: Planned Program Activities for 2005-2015, U.S. Department of Energy (2007) http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/mypp/

10.1016/0927-0248(93)90033-Y

10.1016/0040-6090(79)90504-2

10.1063/1.323911

10.1016/0013-4686(75)85062-6

10.1021/cm960045s

10.1016/S0360-3199(02)00022-8

10.1038/257383a0

10.1126/science.280.5362.425

10.1016/j.solmat.2008.03.009

10.1038/238037a0

10.1063/1.3046780

10.1016/j.solmat.2007.11.006

5.Measurements of PEC hydrogen production materials, U.S. Department of Energy (2009) http://www2.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/pec_standards_review.html

10.1016/0927-0248(95)00021-6

10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02746.x

10.1021/cm991054e

10.1016/S0360-3199(00)00039-2

7. U.S. Quantum Efficiency Measurements Department of Energy (2005) http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/quantum_efficiency.html

10.1016/j.solmat.2007.05.005

10.1021/ed060p327

10.1149/1.1390982

10.1016/j.solmat.2008.01.003

10.1016/j.mseb.2008.10.032

10.1016/j.matlet.2005.11.101

10.1016/0079-6816(82)90002-8

10.1002/pssa.2211010220

10.1021/jp7100286

10.1016/j.solmat.2007.08.008

10.1149/1.2888477

Geisz, (2002), Conference Record of the Twenty-Ninth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 2002

10.1364/JOSA.38.000448

10.1246/bcsj.82.401

10.1016/j.tsf.2007.11.119

10.1021/cr00011a004

10.1039/b718644d

10.1364/AO.46.003133

10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.01.014

10.1103/PhysRevLett.25.749

10.1002/pssa.2211090213

10.1016/0038-1101(86)90191-7

10.1016/0927-0248(96)00043-8

10.1088/0022-3727/11/4/003

Deutsch, (2006), Sunlight, water, and III-V ntrides for fueling the future

Standard, 2003, Standard Tables for Reference Solar Spectral Irradiances: Direct Normal and Hemispherical on 37° Tilted Surface

10.1103/PhysRevB.5.3144

10.1126/science.1139792

Tauc, (1966), Optical properties and electronic structure of amorphous germanium., J. Phys. Soc. J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst., 21, 123

10.1016/0013-4686(88)80163-4

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Journal of Materials Research

Tập 25 Số 1

3-16

Thông tin tác giả