Academic patenting: the importance of industry support

Aghion, P., Dewatripont, M., & Stein, J. (2008). Academic freedom, private-sector focus, and the process of innovation. The Rand Journal of Economics, 39(3), 617–635. Agrawal, A., & Henderson, R. (2002). Putting patents in context: Exploring knowledge transfer from MIT. Management Science, 48(1), 44–60. Azoulay, P., Ding, W., & Stuart, T. (2007). The determinants of faculty patenting behavior: Demographics or opportunities? Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 63(4), 599–623. Azoulay, P., Ding, W., & Stuart, T. (2009). The impact of academic patenting on the rate, quality and direction of (public) research. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 57, 637–676. Banal-Estanol, A., Jofre-Bonet, M., Meissner, C. (2010). The impact of industry collaboration on research: Evidence from engineering academics in the UK. UPF working paper no. 1190. Bercovitz, J., & Feldman, M. (2008). Academic entrepreneurs: Organizational change at the individual level. Organization Science, 19(1), 69–89. Blundell, R., Griffith, R., & van Reenen, J. (1995). Dynamic count data models of technological innovation. Economic Journal, 105(429), 333–344. Breschi, S., Lissoni, F., & Montobbio, F. (2005). From publishing to patenting: Do productive scientists turn into academic inventors? Revue d’Economie Industrielle, 120(1), 75–102. Calderini, M., Franzoni, C., & Vezzulli, A. (2007). If star scientists do not patent: The effect of productivity, basicness and impact on the decision to patent in the academic world. Research Policy, 36(3), 303–319. Carayol, N. (2007). Academic incentives, research organization, and patenting at a large French university. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 16(1–2), 119–138. Cohen, W. M., Nelson, R. R., & Walsh, J. (2002). Links and impacts: The influence of public research on industrial R&D. Management Science, 48, 1–23. Colyvas, J. A., & Powell, W. W. (2006). Roads to institutionalization: The remaking of boundaries between public and private science. Research in Organizational Behavior, 27, 305–353. Crespi, G., D’Este, P., Fontana, R., & Geuna, A. (2011). The impact of academic patenting on university research and its transfer. Research Policy, 40, 55–86. Czarnitzki, D., Hussinger, K., Schneider, C. (2011). The nexus between science and industry: Evidence from faculty inventions. Journal of Technology Transfer, forthcoming. Dasgupta, P., & David, P. A. (1994). Toward a new economics of science. Research Policy, 23, 487–521. Di Gregorio, D., & Shane, S. (2003). Why do some universities generate more start-ups than others? Research Policy, 32, 209–227. Dietz, J. S., & Bozeman, B. (2005). Academic careers, patents, and productivity: Industry experience as scientific and technical human capital. Research Policy, 34, 349–367. Fabrizio, K., & DiMinin, A. (2008). Commercializing the laboratory: Faculty patenting and the open science environment. Research Policy, 37, 914–931. Geuna, A., & Nesta, L. (2006). University patenting and its effects on academic research: The emerging European evidence. Research Policy, 35(6), 790–807. Gibbons, M., & Johnston, R. (1975). The roles of science in technological innovation. Research Policy, 3, 220–242. Gulbrandsen, M., & Smeby, J.-C. (2005). Industry funding and university professors’ research performance. Research Policy, 34(6), 932–950. Haeussler, C., & Colyvas, J. A. (2011). Breaking the ivory tower: Academic entrepreneurship in the life sciences in UK and Germany. Research Policy, 40, 41–54. Henderson, R. M., Jaffe, A. B., & Trajtenberg, M. (1998). Universities as a source of commercial technology: A detailed analysis of university patenting 1965–1988. Review of Economics and Statistics, 80(1), 119–127. Hottenrott, H., Lawson, C. (2012). Research grants, sources of ideas and the effects on academic research. ZEW Discussion Paper 12-048, Mannheim. Hottenrott, H., & Thorwarth, S. (2011). Industry funding of university research and scientific productivity. Kyklos, 64(4), 534–555. Jensen, R., & Thursby, M. (2001). Proofs and prototypes for sale: The licensing of university inventions. American Economic Review, 91(1), 240–259. Lach, S., & Schankerman, M. (2008). Incentives and invention in universities. The Rand Journal of Economics, 39(2), 403–433. Lawson, C., Sterzi, V. (2012). The role of early career factors in academic patenting. LEI & BRICK working paper 01/2012, Turin. Lee, Y. S. (2000). The sustainability of university-industry research collaboration: An empirical assessment. Journal of Technology Transfer, 25(2), 111–133. Levin, S., & Stephan, P. E. (1991). Research productivity over the life cycle: Evidence for academic scientists. American Economic Review, 81(1), 114–132. Link, A. N., Siegel, D. S., & Bozeman, B. (2007). An empirical analysis of the propensity of academics to engage in informal university technology transfer. Industrial and Corporate Change, 16(4), 641–655. Lissoni, F., Llerena, P., McKelvey, M., & Sanditov, B. (2008). Academic patenting in Europe: New evidence from the KEINS database. Research Evaluation, 17(2), 87–102. Louis, K. S., Blumenthal, D., Gluck, M. E., & Stoto, M. A. (1989). Entrepreneurs in academe: An exploration of behaviors among life scientists. Administrative Science Quarterly, 34, 110–131. Louis, K. S., Jones, L. M., Anderson, M. S., Blumenthal, D., & Campbell, E. G. (2001). Entrepreneurship, secrecy, and productivity: A comparison of clinical and non-clinical faculty. Journal of Technology Transfer, 26(3), 233–245. Mansfield, E. (1995). Academic research underlying industrial innovations: Sources, characteristics, and financing. Review of Economics and Statistics, 77(1), 55–65. Marco, A. C. (2007). The dynamics of patent citations. Economics Letters, 94(2), 290–296. Murray, F., & Stern, S. (2007). Do formal intellectual property rights hinder the free flowof scientific knowledge? An empirical test of the anti-commons hypothesis. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 63, 648–687. Nelson, R. R. (1986). Institutions supporting technical advance in industry. American Economic Review Proceedings, 76, 186–189. Owen-Smith, J., & Powell, W. W. (2001). To patent or not: Faculty decisions and institutional success at technology transfer. Journal of Technology Transfer, 26(1/2), 99–114. Ozgen, E., & Baron, R. A. (2007). Social sources of information in opportunity recognition: Effects of mentors, industry networks, and professional forums. Journal of Business Venturing, 22, 174–192. Siegel, D. S., Veugelers, R., & Wright, M. (2007). Technology transfer offices and commercialization of university intellectual property: Performance and policy implications. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 23(4), 640–660. Siegel, D. S., Waldman, D., & Link, A. (2003). Assessing the impact of organizational practices on the relative productivity of university technology transfer offices: An exploratory study. Research Policy, 32, 27–48. Stephan, P. E., Gurmu, S., Sumell, A. J., & Black, G. (2007). Who’s patenting in the university? Evidence from the survey of doctorate recipients. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 16(2), 71–99. Stuart, T. E., & Ding, W. W. (2006). When do scientists become entrepreneurs? The social structural antecedents of commercial activity in the academic life sciences. American Journal of Sociology, 112(1), 97–144. Thursby, J., Fuller, A. W., & Thursby, M. (2009). US faculty patenting: Inside and outside the university. Research Policy, 38, 14–25. Thursby, J., & Kemp, S. (2002). Growth and productive efficiency of university intellectual property licensing. Research Policy, 31, 109–124. Thursby, J., & Thursby, M. (2002). Who is selling the ivory tower: Sources of growth in university licensing. Management Science, 48, 90–104. Thursby, J., & Thursby, M. (2007). Patterns of research and licensing activity of science and engineering faculty. In P. Stephan & R. Ehrenberg (Eds.), Science and the university (pp. 77–93). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. Verspagen, B. (2006). University research, intellectual property rights and European innovation systems. Journal of Economic Surveys, 20, 633–690. Zucker, L. G., Darby, M. R., & Brewer, M. B. (1998). Intellectual human capital and the birth of U. S. biotechnology enterprises. American Economic Review, 88, 290–336.