Above knee socket prosthesis use changes proximal femur morphology

Ziegler-Graham, 2008, Estimating the Prevalence of Limb Loss in the United States: 2005 to 2050, Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 89, 422, 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.11.005 Vogel, 2014, Impact of amputation level and comorbidities on functional status of nursing home residents after lower extremity amputation, J. Vasc. Surg., 59, 1323, 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.11.076 MacKenzie, 2004, Functional outcomes following trauma-related lower-extremity amputation, JBJS, 86, 6, 10.2106/00004623-200408000-00006 Gailey, 2008, Review of secondary physical conditions associated with lower-limb amputation and long-term prosthesis use, J. Rehabil. Res. Dev., 45, 15, 10.1682/JRRD.2006.11.0147 Struyf, 2009, The prevalence of osteoarthritis of the intact hip and knee among traumatic leg amputees, Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 90, 440, 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.08.220 Morgenroth, 2012, Osteoarthritis in the disabled population: a mechanical perspective, PM R., 4, S20, 10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.01.003 Kulkarni, 1998, Association between amputation, arthritis and osteopenia in british male war veterans with major lower limb amputations, Clin. Rehabil., 12, 274, 10.1191/026921598668452322 Nakamura, 2020, Antisense oligonucleotide-based therapies for the treatment of osteoarthritis: opportunities and roadblocks, Bone, 138, 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115461 Katz, 2021, Diagnosis and treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis: a review, JAMA, J. Am. Med. Assoc., 325, 568, 10.1001/jama.2020.22171 Felson, 2013, Osteoarthritis as a disease of mechanics, Osteoarthr. Cartil., 21, 10, 10.1016/j.joca.2012.09.012 Nolan, 2000, The functional demands on the intact limb during walking for active trans-femoral and trans-tibial amputees, Prosthetics Orthot. Int., 24, 117, 10.1080/03093640008726534 Rutkowska-Kucharska, 2018, Relationship between asymmetry of gait and muscle torque in patients after unilateral transfemoral amputation, Appl. Bionics Biomech., 2018, 10.1155/2018/5190816 Burke, 1978, Bone and joint changes in lower limb amputees, Ann. Rheum. Dis., 37, 252, 10.1136/ard.37.3.252 Schaarschmidt, 2012, Functional gait asymmetry of unilateral transfemoral amputees, Hum. Mov. Sci., 31, 907, 10.1016/j.humov.2011.09.004 Nolan, 2003, Adjustments in gait symmetry with walking speed in trans-femoral and trans-tibial amputees, Gait Posture., 17, 142, 10.1016/S0966-6362(02)00066-8 de Castro, 2014, Plantar pressures and ground reaction forces during walking of individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputation, PM R., 6, 698, 10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.01.019 Mellon, 2013, Bone and its adaptation to mechanical loading: a review, Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1179/1743280412Y.0000000008., 57, 235 Noble, 1995, The effect of aging on the shape of the proximal femur, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 31, 10.1097/00003086-199507000-00006 Stabley, 2013, Chronic skeletal unloading of the rat femur: mechanisms and functional consequences of vascular remodeling, Bone, 57, 355, 10.1016/j.bone.2013.09.003 Passmore, 2018, Hip- and patellofemoral-joint loading during gait are increased in children with idiopathic torsional deformities, Gait Posture., 63, 228, 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.05.003 Sherk, 2008, BMD and bone geometry in transtibial and transfemoral amputees, J. Bone Miner. Res., 23, 1449, 10.1359/jbmr.080402 Baker-LePain, 2012, Role of bone architecture and anatomy in osteoarthritis, Bone, 51, 197, 10.1016/j.bone.2012.01.008 Correa, 2010, Contributions of individual muscles to hip joint contact force in normal walking, J. Biomech., 43, 1618, 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.02.008 Kersh, 2018, Mechanical loading of the femoral neck in human locomotion, J. Bone Miner. Res., 33, 1999, 10.1002/jbmr.3529 Ryser, 1988, Isometric and isokinetic hip abductor strength in persons with above-knee amputations, Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 69, 840 Betancourt, 2011, Contribution of statistical shape model and predefined geometry parameters in prediction of hip osteoarthritis, Bone, 48, S264, 10.1016/j.bone.2011.03.649 Harris, 2022, The biomechanical disadvantage of dysplastic hips, J. Orthop. Res., 40, 1387, 10.1002/jor.25165 Harris, 2013, Statistical shape modeling of cam femoroacetabular impingement, J. Orthop. Res., 31, 1620, 10.1002/jor.22389 Gaffney, 2019, Statistical shape modeling of femur shape variability in female patients with hip dysplasia, J. Orthop. Res., 37, 665, 10.1002/jor.24214 Chan, 2013, Statistical shape modeling of proximal femoral shape deformities in legg-Calvé-perthes disease and slipped capital femoral epiphysis, Osteoarthr. Cartil., 21, 443, 10.1016/j.joca.2012.12.007 Reikerås, 2009, 53, 781 Sinusas, 2012, Osteoarthritis: diagnosis and treatment, Am. Fam. Physician, 85, 49 Neogi, 2013, Magnetic resonance imaging-based three-dimensional bone shape of the knee predicts onset of knee osteoarthritis: data from the osteoarthritis initiative, Arthritis Rheum., 65, 2048, 10.1002/art.37987 Cates, 2007, Shape modeling and analysis with entropy-based particle systems, Lect. Notes Comput. Sci., 4584, 333, 10.1007/978-3-540-73273-0_28 van Buuren, 2021, Statistical shape modeling of the hip and the association with hip osteoarthritis: a systematic review, Osteoarthr. Cartil., 29, 607, 10.1016/j.joca.2020.12.003 Siebelt, 2014, The role of imaging in early hip OA, Osteoarthr. Cartil., 22, 1470, 10.1016/j.joca.2014.04.030 Lenz, 2021, Statistical shape modeling of the talocrural joint using a hybrid multi-articulation joint approach, Sci. Rep., 11, 10.1038/s41598-021-86567-7 Harris, 2014, Correlations between the alpha angle and femoral head asphericity: implications and recommendations for the diagnosis of cam femoroacetabular impingement, Eur. J. Radiol., 83, 788, 10.1016/j.ejrad.2014.02.005 Atkins, 2019, Which two-dimensional radiographic measurements of cam femoroacetabular impingement best describe the three-dimensional shape of the proximal Femur?, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 477, 242, 10.1097/CORR.0000000000000462 Metz, 2005 Clohisy, 2009, Radiographic evaluation of the hip has limited reliability, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 467, 666, 10.1007/s11999-008-0626-4 Cates, 2017 Goodall, 1991, Procrustes methods in the statistical analysis of shape, J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B, 53, 285 Cootes, 1995, Active shape models - their training and application, Comput. Vis. Image Underst., 61, 38, 10.1006/cviu.1995.1004 Franklin, 1995, Parallel analysis: a method for determining significant principal components, J. Veg. Sci., 6, 99, 10.2307/3236261 Abdi, 2010, Principal component analysis, Wiley interdiscip. RevComput. Stat., 2, 433, 10.1002/wics.101 Cates, 2020 Curran-Everett, 2009, Explorations in statistics: confidence intervals, Am. J. Physiol. - Adv. Physiol. Educ., 33, 87, 10.1152/advan.00006.2009 Jaegers, 1995, Prosthetic gait of unilateral transfemoral amputees: a kinematic study, Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 76, 736, 10.1016/S0003-9993(95)80528-1 Patterson, 2010, Evaluation of gait symmetry after stroke: a comparison of current methods and recommendations for standardization, Gait Posture., 31, 241, 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.10.014 Burkett, 2003, Walking and running inter-limb asymmetry for paralympic trans-femoral amputees, a biomechanical analysis, Prosthetics Orthot. Int., 27, 36, 10.3109/03093640309167975 Ganz, 2003, Femoroacetabular impingement: a cause for osteoarthritis of the hip, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 417, 112, 10.1097/01.blo.0000096804.78689.c2 Kowalczuk, 2015, Does femoroacetabular impingement contribute to the development of hip osteoarthritis? A systematic review, Sports Med. Arthrosc., 23, 174, 10.1097/JSA.0000000000000091 Ramírez, 2011, Analysis of bone demineralization due to the use of exoprosthesis by comparing Young’s modulus of the femur in unilateral transfemoral amputees, Prosthetics Orthot. Int., 35, 459, 10.1177/0309364611420478 Harandi, 2020, 1071 Gottschalk, 1994 Köhler, 2021, The impact of transfemoral socket adduction on pelvic and trunk stabilization during level walking – a biomechanical study, Gait Posture., 89, 169, 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.06.024 Heitzmann, 2020, The influence of hip muscle strength on gait in individuals with a unilateral transfemoral amputation, PLoS One, 15, 10.1371/journal.pone.0238093 Jaegers, 1995, Prosthetic gait of unilateral transfemoral amputees: a kinematic study, Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 76, 736, 10.1016/S0003-9993(95)80528-1 Tazawa, 1997, Analysis of torso movement of trans-femoral amputees during level walking, Prosthetics Orthot. Int., 21, 129, 10.3109/03093649709164541 Amaro, 2007, Gluteus medius muscle atrophy is related to contralateral and ipsilateral hip joint osteoarthritis, Int. J. Sports Med., 28, 1035, 10.1055/s-2007-965078 Valente, 2013, Influence of weak hip abductor muscles on joint contact forces during normal walking: probabilistic modeling analysis, J. Biomech., 46, 2186, 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.06.030 Song, 2020, Dysplastic hip anatomy alters muscle moment arm lengths, lines of action, and contributions to joint reaction forces during gait, J. Biomech., 110, 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109968 R. Isac Vieira, S. Cristina Tonon da Luz, K. Priscila Bender dos Santos, E. Gonçalvez Junior, P. Vanessa Coelho Campos, Physiotherapy intervention during pre and post-prosthetic fitting of lower limb amputees: a systematic review, (n.d.). doi:10.5935/0104-7795.20170019. Pedoia, 2018, Study of the interactions between proximal femur 3d bone shape, cartilage health, and biomechanics in patients with hip osteoarthritis, J. Orthop. Res., 36, 330, 10.1002/jor.23649 Waarsing, 2010, A statistical model of shape and density of the proximal femur in relation to radiological and clinical OA of the hip, Osteoarthr. Cartil., 18, 787, 10.1016/j.joca.2010.02.003 Inamdar, 2019, MR study of longitudinal variations in proximal femur 3D morphological shape and associations with cartilage health in hip osteoarthritis, J. Orthop. Res., 37, 161, 10.1002/jor.24147 Gill, 2001, Racial variation in the proximal and distal femur: heritability and forensic utility, J. Forensic Sci., 46, 15049J, 10.1520/JFS15049J Nelson, 2014, Association of Incident Symptomatic hip Osteoarthritis with Differences in hip shape by active shape modeling: the Johnston County osteoarthritis project, Arthritis Care Res. (Hoboken), 66, 74, 10.1002/acr.22094 Mayes, 2017, Bony morphology of the hip in professional ballet dancers compared to athletes, Eur. Radiol., 27, 3042, 10.1007/s00330-016-4667-x Agricola, 2012, The development of cam-type deformity in adolescent and young male soccer players, Am. J. Sports Med., 40, 1099, 10.1177/0363546512438381 Pettersson, 2014, Effect of high impact activity on bone mass and size in adolescent females: a comparative study between two different types of sports, Calcif. Tissue Int. 2000, 673, 207 Gaffney, 2022, Biomechanical compensations during a stand-to-sit maneuver using transfemoral osseointegrated prostheses: a case series, Clin. Biomech., 98, 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2022.105715