About the identification of flat unclosed curves

I. M. Gostev, “Recognition of Graphic Patterns: Part 1,” Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Teor. Sist. Upr., No. 1 (2004) [Comp. Syst. Sci. 43 (1), 129 (2004)].

E. Goursat, Course of Mathematical Analysis, Vol. 1, Part 1 (State Techn.-Theor. Publ., Moscow, 1933) [in Russian].

V. I. Arnold, Geometric Methods in Theory of Ordinary Differential Quotations (Springer, 1988).

L. Euleri, Introduction in Analysis Infinities, Vols. 1, 2 (State Publ. of Phys. Math. Liter., Moscow, 1961) [in Russian].