Aboriginal migration and labour market programs
Tóm tắt
Despite the potential for government employment policies both to encourage and preclude migration among the Aboriginal workforce, little is known about the impacts of such policies. This paper seeks to construct a base line for identifying these impacts by establishing the spatial structure of labour migration among the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population. It makes use of 1986 Census data to describe the volume and pattern of net and gross flows of working-age Aborigines and Islanders through the national settlement system, distinguishing between movements in remote and closely settled parts of the country. Full determination of the links between policy and migration flows awaits comparison with 1991 Census results.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Altman, J.C. and J. Nieuwenhuysen. 1979.The Economic Status of Australian Aborigines. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Altman, J.C. and W. Sanders. 1991. Government initiatives for Aboriginal employment: equity, equality and policy realism. In J.C. Altman (ed.),Aboriginal Employment Equity by the Year 2000. Canberra: Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research Research, The Australian National University.
Australian Bureau of Statistics. 1990.Aboriginal People in the Northern Territory. Darwin: Government Printer.
Australian Government 1987.Aboriginal Employment Development Policy Statement: Policy Paper No. 2. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC). 1991. Submission to the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs.Inquiry into the Needs of Urban Dwelling Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People. Canberra.
Bryant, J. 1982. The Robinvale community. In E.A. Young and E.K. Fisk (eds).Town Populations. Canberra: Development Studies Centre, ANU.
Champion, A.G., A. Green, D. Owen, and M. Coombes. 1987.Changing Places. London: Edward Arnold.
Commonwealth of Australia. 1991.Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody, National Report, Volume 4. (Commissioner Elliot Johnston, QC). Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
Courtenay, P.P. 1982.Northern Australia. Melbourne: Longman.
Crough, G., R. Howitt and B. Pritchard. 1989.Aboriginal Economic Development in Central Australia. Report for the Combined Aboriginal Organisations of Alice Springs. Alice Springs: Institute for Aboriginal Development.
Drakakis-Smith, D.W. 1983. Advance Australia fair: internal colonialism in the Antipodes. In D.W. Drakakis-Smith and S.W. Williams (eds),Internal Colonialism: Essays around a Theme. Developing Areas Research Group Monograph No. 3. Department of Geography, University of Edinburgh.
Faulkner, H.W. and S. French. 1983.Geographical Remoteness: Conceptual and Measurement Problems. Bureau of Transport Economics Reference Paper No. 54. Canberra.
Fisk, E.K. 1985.The Aboriginal Economy in Town and Country. Melbourne: Allen and Unwin.
Fisk, E.K., H. Duncan and A. Kehl. 1974.The Torres Strait Islanders: The Townsville Community. Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University.
Gray, A. 1989. Aboriginal migration to the cities.Journal of the Australian Population Association 6 (2): 122–144.
Green, A. 1988. The north-south divide in Great Britain: an examination of the evidence.Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 13:179–199.
Hartwig, M. 1978. Capitalism and Aborigines: the theory of internal colonialism and its rivals. In E.L. Wheelwright and K. Buckley (eds).Essays in the Political Economy of Australian Capitalism. Sydney: Australia and New Zealand Books.
Holmes, J.H. 1988. Remote settlements. In R.L. Heathcote (ed),The Australian Experience: Essays in Australian Land Settlement and Resource Management. Melbourne: Longman.
Hugo, G. 1986.Australia’s Changing Population. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
Jarvie, W. K. 1989. Migration and regional development In B. Higgins and K. Zagorski (eds),Australian Regional Developments: Readings in Regional Experiences, Policies and Prospects. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
Logan, M.I., C.A. Maher, J. McKay and J.S. Humphries. 1975.Urban and Regional Australia: Analysis and Policy Issues. Melbourne: Sorrett Publishing.
Manion, T. and R. Flowerdew. 1982. Introduction: Institutional approaches in geography. In R. Flowerdew (ed.),Institutions and Geographical Patterns. London: Croom Helm.
McKay, J. and J.S. Whitelaw. 1977. The role of large private and public organizations in generating flows of inter-regional migrants: the case of Australia.Economic Geography 2(2):2–14.
Miller, M. (chairman) 1985.Report of the Committee of Review of Aboriginal Employment and Training Programs. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
Poulsen, M.F., D.T. Rowland and R.J. Johnston. 1975. Patterns of Maori migration in New Zealand. In L.A. Kosinski and R.M. Prothero (eds),People on the Move. London: Methuen.
Robinson, V. 1991. Goodbye Yellow Brick Road: the spatial mobility and immobility of Britain’s ethnic population, 1971–81.New Community 17(3):313–330.
Rowley, CD. 1971.The Remote Aborigines. Canberra: Australian National University Press.
Sanders, W. 1987. Aborigines in Australian society: beyond internal colonialism. Unpublished.seminar paper. Canberra: Urban Research Unit, Research School of Social Sciences, The Australian National University.
Smith, L.R. 1980. New black town or black new town: the urbanisation of Aborigines. In I.H. Burnley, R.J. Pryor and D.T. Rowland (eds),Mobility and Community Change in Australia. St Lucia: University of Queensland Press.
Taylor, J. 1988. Aboriginal population mobility and urban development in the Katherine region. In D. Wade-Marshall and P. Loveday (eds),Northern Australia: Progress and Prospects. Vol. 1.Contemporary Issues in Development. Darwin: North Australia Research Unit.
Taylor, J. 1989a. Migration and population Change in the Northern Territory,Australian Geographical Studies. 27(2):182–198.
Taylor, J. 1989b. Migration and small town population change. In P. Loveday, and A. Webb (eds),Small Towns in Northern Australia. Darwin: North Australia Research Unit.
Taylor, J. 1991a. Aboriginal labour migration: the evidence. In J. C. Altman (ed.),Aboriginal Employment Equity by the Year 2000. Canberra: Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research, The Australian National University.
Taylor, J. 1991b. Geographic location and economic status: a Census-based analysis of outstations in the Northern Territory.Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research Discussion Paper No. 8. Canberra: The Australian National University.
Tesfaghiorghis, H. 1991. Geographic variations in the economic status of Aboriginal people.Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research Discussion Paper No. 2. Canberra: The Australian National University.
Young, E.A. 1981. The medium-sized town in the context of mobility. In G.W. Jones and H.V. Richter (eds),Population Mobility and Development. Canberra: Development Studies Centre, The Australian National University.
Young, E.A. and K. Doohan. 1989.Mobility for Survival: A Process Analysis of Aboriginal Population Movement in Central Australia. Darwin: North Australia Research Unit.