ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND YOUTH GANG MEMBERSHIP: SELECTION AND SOCIALIZATION

Criminology - Tập 42 Số 1 - Trang 55-88 - 2004
Rachel A. Gordon1, Benjamin B. Lahey2, ERIKO KAWAI3, Rolf Loeber4,5,6, Magda Stouthamer‐Loeber7, David P. Farrington8
1Rachel A. Gordon is an assistant professor in the Department of Sociology and the Institute of Government and Public Affairs at the University of Illinois at Chicago. She is serving in her second term as co-chair of the Committee on Research, Policy, and Public Information of the Society for Research on Adolescence. Her research interests broadly surround considering together the factors that predict individual and family circumstances with the effects of those circumstances on well-being, often using longitudinal statistical models. The topics of this research have included youth gangs and delinquency, multigenerational coresidence and early parenthood, employment programs for young couples, and neighborhoods and nonparental child care settings as contexts for development.
2Benjamin B. Lahey, Ph.D. is professor of psychiatry and chief of psychology at the University of Chicago. He is president of the Society for Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychology and past president of the International Society for Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology. He is the recipient of the Research Prize of the National Academy of Neuropsychology and the Distinguished Research Contributions Award of the Society for Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychology. His research focuses on the childhood origins of serious conduct problems and the evaluation of diagnostic criteria for mental health disorders of childhood.
3Eriko Kawai was a masters student in the Department of Sociology at the University of Illinois at Chicago when she began work on this paper. She completed her masters on the ways in which social versus business relationships promote organizational efficiency in September, 2000. She is now a Research Manager at Leo Burnett U.S.A.
4Antisocial Behavior and Mental Problems: Explanatory Factors in Childhood and Adolescence (1998), co-authored with David P. Farrington, Magda Stouthamer-Loeber, and Welmoet B. Van Kammen
5Child Delinquents: Development, Interventions, and Service Needs (2001), co-authored with David P. Farrington.
6Rolf Loeber, Ph.D., is professor of psychiatry, psychology, and epidemiology at the Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., and Professor of Juvenile Delinquency an Social Development, Free University, Amsterdam, Netherlands. He is Co-director of the Life History Program and is principal investigator of three longitudinal studies, the Pittsburgh Youth Study, the Developmental Trends Study, and the Pittsburgh Girls Study. He has published widely in the fields of juvenile antisocial behavior and delinquency, substance use, and mental health problems. His latest books are Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions (1998), co-edited with David P. Farrington
7Magda Stouthamer-Loeber is an associate professor of psychiatry and psychology at the University of Pittsburgh. She received her M.A. in psychology from the Free University of Amsterdam, Holland and her Ph.D. in clinical psychology from Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. She is Co-Investigator on the Pittsburgh Youth Study and the Pittsburgh Girls Study. Her research has involved longitudinal survey research related to antisocial behavior and delinquency in Eugene, Oregon, and Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania. She has published on the practical aspects of running longitudinal studies, on help for mental health problems, and on protective and risk factors as well as on desistance from delinquency.
8David P. Farrington is professor of psychological criminology at Cambridge University and adjunct professor of Psychiatry at Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh. He is chair of the Campbell Collaboration Crime and Justice Group and past president of the American Society of Criminology, the British Society of Criminology, and the European Association of Psychology and Law. His main research interest is in the development of offending and antisocial behavior from childhood to adulthood. He is director of the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development and co-investigator of the Pittsburgh Youth Study.

Tóm tắt

We examine whether gang membership is associated with higher levels of delinquency because boys predisposed to delinquent activity are more likely than others to join. We use 10 years of longitudinal data from 858 participants of the Pittsburgh Youth Study to identify periods before, during and after gang membership. We build on prior research by controlling for ages and calendar time, by better accounting for gang memberships that occurred before the study began, and by using fixed effects statistical models. We find more evidence than has been found in prior studies that boys who join gangs are more delinquent before entering the gang than those who do not join. Even with such selective differences, however, we replicate research showing that drug selling, drug use, violent behaviors and vandalism of property increase significantly when a youth joins a gang. The delinquency of peers appears to be one mechanism of socialization. These findings are clearest in youth self‐reports, but are also evident in reports from parents and teachers on boys' behavior and delinquency. Once we adjust for time trends, we find that the increase in delinquency is temporary, that delinquency falls to pre‐gang levels when boys leave gangs.

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