ADMA: a novel risk factor that explains excess cardiovascular event rate in patients with end-stage renal disease

Vallance, 1992, Accumulation of an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthesis in chronic renal failure, Lancet, 339, 572, 10.1016/0140-6736(92)90865-Z Böger, 2000, LDL Cholesterol upregulates synthesis of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in human endothelial cells. Involvement of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases, Circ. Res., 87, 99, 10.1161/01.RES.87.2.99 MacAllister, 1996, Concentration of dimethyl-l-arginine in the plasma of patients with end-stage renal failure, Nephrol. Dial. Transplant, 11, 2449, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027213 Anderstam, 1997, Serum levels of NG, NG-dimethyl-l-arginine, a potential endogenous nitric oxide inhibitor in dialysis patients, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 8, 1437, 10.1681/ASN.V891437 Kielstein, 1999, Asymmetric dimethylarginine plasma concentrations differ in patients with end-stage renal disease: relationship to treatment method and atherosclerotic disease, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 10, 594, 10.1681/ASN.V103594 Al Banchaabouchi, 2000, NG,NG-dimethylarginine and NG,N′G-dimethylarginine in renal insufficiency, Eur. J. Physiol., 439, 524, 10.1007/s004240050973 Fleck, 2001, Serum concentrations of asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric (SDMA) dimethylarginine in renal failure patients, Kidney Int., 59, S14, 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.07817.x Wahbi, 2001, Dimethylarginines in chronic renal failure, J. Clin. Pathol., 54, 470, 10.1136/jcp.54.6.470 Kielstein, 2002, Marked increase of asymmetric dimethylarginine in patients with incipient primary chronic renal disease, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 13, 170, 10.1681/ASN.V131170 Böger, 1998, Asymmetric dimethylarginine: a novel risk factor for endothelial dysfunction. Its role in hypercholesterolemia, Circulation, 98, 1842, 10.1161/01.CIR.98.18.1842 Vallance, 2001, Importance of asymmetric dimethylarginine in cardiovascular risk, Lancet, 358, 2096, 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)07229-4 Levey, 1998, Controlling the epidemic of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease: where do we start?, Am. J. Kidney Dis., 32, S5, 10.1053/ajkd.1998.v32.pm9820463 Zoccali, 2000, Cardiovascular risk in uraemic patients: is it fully explained by classical risk factors?, Nephrol. Dial. Transplant, 15, 454, 10.1093/ndt/15.4.454 Kari, 1997, Physiology and biochemistry of endothelial function in children with chronic renal failure, Kidney Int., 52, 468, 10.1038/ki.1997.354 Hand, 1998, Hemodialysis and l-arginine, but not D-arginine, correct renal failure-associated endothelial dysfunction, Kidney Int., 53, 1068, 10.1111/j.1523-1755.1998.00851.x Hodis, 1998, The role of carotid arterial intima-media thickness in predicting clinical coronary events, Ann. Intern. Med., 128, 262, 10.7326/0003-4819-128-4-199802150-00002 O’Leary, 1999, Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Project, N. Engl. J. Med., 340, 14, 10.1056/NEJM199901073400103 Benedetto, 2001, Prognostic impact of ultrasonography measurement of carotid intima media thickness in dialysis patients, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 12, 2458, 10.1681/ASN.V12112458 Zoccali, 2002, Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), C-reactive protein, and carotid intima media-thickness in end-stage renal disease, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 13, 490, 10.1681/ASN.V132490 Zoccali, 2001, Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase predicts mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), Lancet, 358, 2113, 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)07217-8 Chan, 2000, Asymmetric dimethylarginine increases mononuclear cell adhesiveness in hypercholesterolemic humans, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 20, 1040, 10.1161/01.ATV.20.4.1040 Rector, 1996, Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of supplental oral l-arginine in patients with heart failure, Circulation, 93, 2135, 10.1161/01.CIR.93.12.2135 Ceremuczynski, 1997, Effect of supplemental oral l-arginine on exercise capacity in patients with stable angina pectoris, Am. J. Cardiol., 80, 331, 10.1016/S0002-9149(97)00354-8 Böger, 1998, Restoring vascular NO formation by l-arginine improves the symptoms of intermittent claudication in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 32, 1336, 10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00375-1 Maxwell, 2000, Nutritional therapy for peripheral arterial disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of HeartBar, Vasc. Med., 5, 11 Tsikas, 2000, Endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitors are responsible for the l-arginine paradox, FEBS Lett., 23810, 1, 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01686-0