ACR Guidance Document for Safe MR Practices: 2007

10.2214/ajr.177.1.1770027

ECRI hazard report. Patient death illustrates the importance of adhering to safety precautions in magnetic resonance environments. Health Devices 2001; 30:311–314

10.2214/ajr.178.6.1781335

10.2214/ajr.182.5.1821111

10.1002/jmri.1880010114

10.1002/jmri.1880020222

10.1002/jmri.1880040519

American College of Radiology. ACR standard for magnetic resonance imaging monograph: safety and sedation. In: Practice guidelines and technical standards 1996. Reston, VA: American College of Radiology, 1996

American College of Radiology. ACR standard for performing and interpreting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In: Practice guidelines and technical standards 2000. Reston, VA: American College of Radiology, 2000:429 –433

Jarvik JG, Ramsey S. Radiographic screening for orbital foreign bodies prior to MR imaging: is it worth it? Am J Neuroradiol 2000; 21:245 –247

Seidenwurm DJ, McDonnell CH III, Raghaven N, Breslau J. Cost utility analysis of radiographic screening for an orbital foreign body before MR imaging. Am J Neuroradiol 2000; 21:426–433

10.1148/radiology.187.2.8475280

American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs. Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients during and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Pediatrics 1992; 89(6 Pt 1):1110 –1115

10.1542/peds.110.4.836

American Society of Anesthesiologists. Updated practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by non-anesthesiologists. Park Ridge, IL: American Society of Anesthesiologists,2001

Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. Standards and intents for sedation and anesthesia care: comprehensive accreditation manual for hospitals. Report no. TX 2-2. Chicago, IL: JCAHO, 2002

10.1213/01.ane.0000216292.82271.bc

10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199904)41:4<816::AID-MRM22>3.0.CO;2-5

10.1002/1522-2586(200007)12:1<79::AID-JMRI9>3.0.CO;2-T

Shellock FG. Pocket guide to MR procedures and metallic objects: update 2001. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001: 147–148

International Electrotechnical Commission. Medical electrical equipment. Part 2. Particular requirements for the safety of magnetic resonance equipment for medical diagnosis. IEC 60601-2-33, ed. 2.0. Geneva, Switzerland: IEC, 2002. (In the United States, copies of this standard can be obtained from the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 11 W 42nd St., New York, NY 10036.)

American College of Radiology. ACR practice guideline for adult sedation/analgesia. In: Practice guidelines and technical standards 2000. Reston, VA: American College of Radiology,2000

American College of Radiology. ACR practice guideline for pediatric sedation/analgesia. In: Practice guidelines and technical standards 1998. Reston, VA: American College of Radiology,1998

American Society of Anesthesiologists. Guidelines for non-operating room anesthetizing locations. Park Ridge, IL: American Society of Anesthesiologists, 2001

American Society of Anesthesiologists. Standards for basic anesthetic monitoring. Park Ridge, IL: American Society of Anesthesiologists, 1986, 1998

American Society of Anesthesiologists. Standards for post anesthesia care. Park Ridge, IL: American Society of Anesthesiologists, 1988, 1994

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. Standards and intents for sedation and anesthesia care: comprehensive accreditation manual for hospitals. Report TX. 2-2.4.1. Chicago, IL: JCAHO, 2001

American College of Radiology. ACR digest of council actions. Reston, VA: ACR, 1999:126 (Res. 1-H, 1987, 1997)

American College of Radiology Committee on Drugs and Contrast Media. Manual on contrast media, 5.0 ed. Reston, VA: American College of Radiology, 2004

10.1093/ndt/gfk062

10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02694-5

10.1007/s00467-003-1380-1

Dharnidharka VR, Wesson SK, Fennell RS. Gadolinium and nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy in pediatric patients. (letter) Pediatr Nephrol 2006 Dec 16; [Epub ahead of print]

10.2214/AJR.06.1094

10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01420.x

10.1681/ASN.2006060601

10.1007/s00330-006-0495-8

10.1097/01.rli.0000253505.88945.d5

10.1097/01.rli.0000186569.32408.95

10.1016/j.jaad.2006.10.047

10.1016/j.jaad.2006.10.048

10.1111/j.1472-8206.2006.00447.x

10.1080/028418501127346756

10.1016/S1076-6332(98)80191-8

10.1016/S0720-048X(98)00090-4

10.1053/ajkd.2002.30943

10.1097/MOU.0b013e328011c96f

Bartsch C, Inrich W, Risse M, Weiler G. Unexpected sudden death of pacemaker patients during or shortly after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In: XIX Congress of International Academy of Legal Medicine. IALM: Milan, Italy, 3–6September 2003: 174 (Abstract No. 114)

10.1093/eurheartj/ehi009

10.1097/01.rli.0000185898.59140.91

10.1109/TBME.2004.827559

10.1109/TDMR.2005.859033

Shellock FG, Fieno DS, Thomson LJ, Talavage TM, Berman DS. Cardiac pacemaker: in vitro assessment at 1.5 T. Am Heart J 2006; 2:436 –443

10.1002/mrm.10037

Shellock FG, Begnaud J, Inman MD. Vagus nerve stimulation therapy system: in vitro evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging-related heating and function at 1.5 and 3 Tesla. Intermodulation 2006; 9:204 –213

10.1016/j.eupc.2005.02.120

10.1148/rg.245045014

10.1007/s00399-004-0401-5

ASTM International. Terminology of symbols and definitions relating to magnetic testing, A 340. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2003:1 –16

ASTM International. Specification for the requirements and disclosure of self-closing aneurysm clips, F 1542. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2000:1 –3

ASTM International. Test method for measurement of magnetically induced displacement force on medical devices in the magnetic resonance environment, F 2052. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2002:1 –6

ASTM International. Test method for evaluation of MR image artifacts from passive implants, F 2119. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2001:1 –3

ASTM International. Test method for measurement of radio frequency induced heating near passive implants during magnetic resonance imaging, F 2182. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International,2002 : 1–8

ASTM International. Standard test method for measurement of magnetically induced torque on passive implants in the magnetic resonance environment, F 2213. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International,2004 : 1–7