ABA trong rêu: một chất điều chỉnh sự phát triển phổ quát trong sự sống trở thành hormone thực vật như thế nào?

Journal of Plant Research - Tập 124 - Trang 437-453 - 2011
Daisuke Takezawa1, Kenji Komatsu2,3, Yoichi Sakata2
1Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
2Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
3Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan

Tóm tắt

Axit abscisic (ABA) không phải là hợp chất đặc trưng cho thực vật mà là hợp chất có mặt ở nhiều sinh vật thuộc các giới từ vi khuẩn đến động vật, điều này cho thấy rằng nó là một chất phổ quát và đa năng có khả năng điều chỉnh chức năng sinh lý của nhiều sinh vật khác nhau. Các nghiên cứu gần đây đã chỉ ra rằng thực vật phát triển một hệ thống tinh vi để cảm nhận ABA và cơ chế truyền tín hiệu ban đầu nhằm điều chỉnh phản ứng với các căng thẳng môi trường, góp phần tồn tại trong điều kiện trên cạn. Sự gia tăng khả năng chịu stress do ABA gây ra đã được báo cáo không chỉ ở thực vật mạch mà còn ở rêu không mạch. Vì rêu là nhóm sinh vật chủ chốt trong bối cảnh tiến hóa thực vật, việc làm rõ các quá trình phụ thuộc vào ABA của chúng là rất quan trọng để hiểu rõ sự thích nghi tiến hóa của thực vật trên cạn. Các phương pháp phân tử sử dụng Physcomitrella patens đã chỉ ra rằng ABA đóng vai trò trong khả năng chịu stress do mất nước ở rêu, thành phần chính của nhóm rêu không mạch. Hơn nữa, chúng tôi gần đây đã báo cáo rằng cơ chế tín hiệu cho các phản ứng với ABA cũng được bảo tồn trong gan rêu, đại diện cho các thành viên cơ bản nhất của dòng dõi thực vật trên cạn hiện nay. Việc bảo tồn cơ chế cảm nhận và phản ứng với ABA trong thực vật có hoa và thực vật trên cạn cơ bản cho thấy rằng việc tiếp nhận cơ chế này để chịu stress trong các mô sinh dưỡng là một trong những sự kiện tiến hóa quan trọng cho sự thích nghi với môi trường trên cạn. Bài tổng quan này mô tả vai trò của ABA trong các thực vật trên cạn cơ bản cũng như các sinh vật không phải thực vật trên cạn và nêu bật những tiến bộ gần đây trong các nghiên cứu phân tử về các mô hình rêu thông qua các phương pháp gen học so sánh và chức năng.

Từ khóa


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