A tuned actuator cylinder approach for predicting cross-flow turbine performance with wake interaction and channel blockage effects

IEC, Marine energy – wave, tidal and other water current converters – part 201: tidal energy resource assessment and characterization, Tech. Rep. IEC TS 62600–201, International Electrotechnical Commission (2015). Murray, 2015 S. Livermore, Wave and tidal energy yield uncertainty, Reference Document PN000083-SRT-005, Frazer-Nash Consultancy, April 2015. Hansen, 2000, Effect of placing a diffuser around a wind turbine, Wind Energy, 3, 207, 10.1002/we.37 Harrison, 2011 van der Laan, 2015, The k-∊-fp model applied to double wind turbine wakes using different actuator disk force methods, Wind Energy, 18, 2223, 10.1002/we.1816 Shives, 2017, Tuned actuator disk approach for predicting tidal turbine performance with wake interaction, Int. J. Mar. Renewable Energy, 17, 1, 10.1016/j.ijome.2016.11.001 Madsen, 1982 Rajagopalan, 1995, Development of a three dimensional model for the darrius rotor and its wake, J. Propul. Power, 11, 185, 10.2514/3.51410 A.H. Madsen, T.J. Larsen, P.U. Schmidt, L. Vita, Implementation of the actuator cylinder flow model in the HAWC2 code for aeroelastic simulations on vertical axis wind turbines, in: Proceedings of 51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, no. 2013–0913, 2013. Shamsoddin, 2014, Large eddy simulation of vertical axis wind turbine wakes, Energies, 7, 890, 10.3390/en7020890 Dominguez, 2016, Fast power output prediction for a single row of ducted cross-flow water turbines using a BEM-RANS approach, Renewable Energy, 89, 658, 10.1016/j.renene.2015.12.042 Thomson, 2012, Measurements of turbulence at two tidal energy sites in Puget Sound, WA, IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 37, 363, 10.1109/JOE.2012.2191656 Nystrom, 2007, Evaluation of mean velocity and turbulence measurements with ADCPs, J. Hydraul. Eng., 133-12, 1310, 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:12(1310) Launder, 1972 Wilcox, 1994 A. Crespo, F. Manuel, D. Moreno, E. Fraga, J. Hernandez, Numerical analysis of wind turbine wakes, in: Proceedings of Delphi Workshop on Wind Energy Applications, Delphi, Greece, pp. 15–25, 1985. El Kasmi, 2008, An extended k-∊ model for turbulent flow through horizontal-axis wind turbines, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 96, 103, 10.1016/j.jweia.2007.03.007 Réthoré, 2009 Roc, 2013, Methodology for tidal turbine representation in ocean circulation model, Renewable Energy, 51, 448, 10.1016/j.renene.2012.09.039 van der Laan, 2014, An improved k-∊ model applied to a wind turbine wake in atmospheric turbulence, Wind Energy, 18, 889, 10.1002/we.1736 M. Shives, C. Crawford, Turbulence modelling for accurate wake prediction in tidal turbine arrays, in: 5th International Conference on Ocean Energy, 4 November, Halifax, 2014. Shives, 2016, Adapted two-equation turbulence closures for actuator disk RANS simulations of wind & tidal turbine wakes, Renewable Energy, 92, 273, 10.1016/j.renene.2016.02.026 Menter, 2009, Review of the shear-stress transport turbulence model experience from an industrial perspective, Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn., 23, 305, 10.1080/10618560902773387 Menter, 1996, A comparison of some recent eddy viscosity turbulence models, J. Fluids Eng., 118, 514, 10.1115/1.2817788 ANSYS, Ansys CFX-solver theory guide: Release 15.0, Tech. Rep. Release 15.0, ANSYS Inc, 275 Technology Drive, Canonsburg, PA 15317, http://www.ansys.com, November 2013. Blackmore, 2016, Effects of turbulence on tidal turbines: implications to performance, blade loads, and condition monitoring, Int. J. Mar. Energy, 14, 1, 10.1016/j.ijome.2016.04.017 Garrett, 2007, The efficiency of a turbine in a tidal channel, J. Fluid Mech., 588, 243, 10.1017/S0022112007007781 Shives, 2011 Schluntz, 2015, The effect of blockage on tidal turbine rotor design and performance, Renewable Energy, 81, 423, 10.1016/j.renene.2015.02.050 Garrett, 2008, Limits to tidal current power, Renewable Energy, 33, 2485, 10.1016/j.renene.2008.02.009 Vennell, 2010, Tuning turbines in a tidal channel, J. Fluid Mech., 663, 253, 10.1017/S0022112010003502 Vennell, 2011, Tuning tidal turbines in-concert to maximise farm efficiency, J. Fluid Mech., 671, 587, 10.1017/S0022112010006191 Srensen, 2006, Wall correction model for wind tunnels with open test section, AIAA J., 44, 1890, 10.2514/1.15656