A theoretical model for an electromagnetic antenna in induction of virtual T cells
Tóm tắt
Cancer cells make a PD1/PD-L1 bridge with T cells and inject death factors into them. Recently, many methods and drugs have been proposed to prevent PD1/PD-L1 connections; however, most of them are very expensive and could not work well. We propose a theoretical model for an electromagnetic antenna which induces virtual T cells within the blood vessels. These electromagnetic T cells deceive cancer cells and their virtual PD1s are connected to real PD-L1s. Consequently, the number of real PD1/PD-L1 connections decrease and real T cells could have the opportunity to kill the cancer cells. This is a theoretical model.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bardhan K, Anagnostou T, Boussiotis VA (2016) The PD1:PD-L1/2 pathway from discovery to clinical implementation. Front Immunol 7:550. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00550
Blank C, Mackensen A (2007) Contribution of the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway to T-cell exhaustion: an update on implications for chronic infections and tumor evasion. Cancer Immunol Immunother 56(5):739–745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-006-0272-1
Di Meo S et al (2017) On the feasibility of breast cancer imaging systems at millimeter-waves frequencies. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech 65(5):1795–1806. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2017.2672938
Emanuele Calabrò & Salvatore Magazù (2018) Resonant interaction between electromagnetic fields and proteins: a possible starting point for the treatment of cancer. Electromagn Biol Med 37(3):155–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/15368378.2018.1499031
Iliopoulos I et al (2020) Enhancement of penetration of millimeter waves by field focusing applied to breast cancer detection. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2020.3014277
Jimenez H, Blackman C, Lesser G et al (2018) Use of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields for the treatment of cancer. Front Biosci Landmark Ed 23:284–297. https://doi.org/10.2741/4591
Mirbeik-Sabzevari A, Tavassolian N (2019) Tumor detection using millimeter-wave technology: differentiating between benign lesions and cancer tissues. IEEE Microwave Mag 20(8):30–43. https://doi.org/10.1109/MMM.2019.2915472
Oh I-R, Raymundo B, Jung SA, Kim HJ, Park J-K, Kim C-W (2020) Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field altered PPARγ and CCL2 levels and suppressed CD44+/CD24− breast cancer cells characteristics. Bull Korean Chem Soc 41:812–823. https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.12072
Pu K, Li J, Luo Y (2020) Electromagnetic nanomedicines for combinational cancer immunotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202008386 (Accepted Author Manuscript)
Sepehri A (2017) A mathematical model for DNA. Int J Geom Methods Mod Phys 14:1750152. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219887817501523
Tsallis C, Cirto LJL (2013) Black hole thermodynamical entropy. Eur Phys J C 73:2487
Wang L (2018) Microwave sensors for breast cancer detection. Sensors 18:655