A survey of image encryption for healthcare applications
Evolutionary Intelligence - 2022
Tóm tắt
Recently, medical image encryption has attracted many researchers because of security issues in the communication process. The recent COVID-19 has highlighted the fact that medical images are consistently created and disseminated online, leading to a need for protection from unauthorised utilisation. This paper intends to review the various medical image encryption approaches along with their merits and limitations. It includes a survey, a brief introduction, and the most utilised interesting applications of image encryption. Then, the contributions of reviewed approaches are summarised and compared regarding different technical perspectives. Lastly, we highlight the recent challenges along with several directions of potential research that could fill the gaps in these domains for researchers and developers.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Parah SA, Sheikh JA, Ahad F, Loan NA, Bhat GM (2017) Information hiding in medical images: a robust medical image watermarking system for E-healthcare. Multimed Tools Appl 76:10599–10633
Giustini D, Ali SM, Fraser M, Boulos MNK (2018) Effective uses of social media in public health and medicine: a systematic review of systematic reviews. Online J Public Health Informatics 10(2).
de Almeida BA, Doneda D, Ichihara MY, BarralNetto M, Matta GC, Rabello ET, Gouveia FC, Barreto M (2020) Personal data usage and privacy considerations in the COVID-19 global pandemic. Cienc. e SaudeColetiva 25:2487–2492. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020256.1.11792020
Wu F, Zhao S, Yu B, Chen Y-M, Wang W, Song Z-G, Hu Y, Tao Z-W, Tian J-H, Pei Y-Y, Yuan M-L, Zhang Y-L, Dai F-H, Liu Y, Wang Q-M, Zheng J-J, Xu L, Holmes EC, Zhang Y-Z (2020) A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in china. Nature 579:265–269
https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/bombay-hc-junks-bail-plea-based-on- forged- medical-reports-101615348407718.html
https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/ZBZLY7KL?_ga=2.148238199.1762516747.1577395260-1128561362.1577395260
https://www.statista.com/statistics/798564/number-of-us-residents-affected-by-data-breaches/
Cao F, Huang HK, Zhou XQ (2003) Medical image security in a HIPAA mandated PACS environment. Comput Med Imaging Graph 27(2–3):185–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-6111(02)00073-3
Dagadu JC, Li JP, Aboagye EO (2019) Medical image encryption based on hybrid chaotic DNA diffusion. Wireless Pers Commun 108(1):591–612
Dey S, Ghosh R (2018) A review of cryptographic properties of S-boxes with generation and analysis of crypto secure S-boxes. PeerJ Preprints
Chen Y, Tang C, Ye R (2020) Cryptanalysis and improvement of medical image encryption using high-speed scrambling and pixel adaptive diffusion. Signal Processing 167:107286.
Singh SP, Bhatnagar G, Singh AK (2021) A New Robust Reference Image Hashing System. In: IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing.
Su Z, Zhang G, Jiang J (2012) Multimedia security: a survey of chaos-based encryption technology. In: Karydis I (ed) Mutimedia: a multidisiplinary approach to complex issues. InTech, pp 99–124.
Kumari M, Gupta S, Sardana P (2017) A survey of image encryption algorithms. 3D Res 8(4):37.
Talhaoui, Mohamed Zakariya, Xingyuan Wang, and Mohamed Amine Midoun (2020) Fast image encryption algorithm with high security level using the Bülban chaotic map. J Real-Time Image Process, pp 1–14.
Seth B et al (2020) Integrating encryption techniques for secure data storage in the cloud. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, e4108.
Srivastava G et al (2020) Two-stage data encryption using chaotic neural networks. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 38(3):2561–2568
Kaur M, Kumar V (2020) A comprehensive review on image encryption techniques. Arch Comput Methods Eng 27(1):15–43
Anwar Shamama, Solleti Meghana (2019) A pixel permutation based image encryption technique using chaotic map. Multimedia tools and applications 78(19):27569–27590.
Niu Ying, Xuncai Zhang (2020) A novel plaintext-related image encryption scheme based on chaotic system and pixel permutation. IEEE Access 8:22082–22093.
Zahmoul, Rim, Ridha Ejbali, Mourad Zaied (2017) Image encryption based on new Beta chaotic maps. Opt Lasers Eng 96:39–49.
Wang X, Teng L, Qin X (2012) A novel colour image encryption algorithm based on chaos. Signal Process 92(4):1101–1108
Wang X, Liu L, Zhang Y (2015) A novel chaotic block image encryption algorithm based on dynamic random growth technique. Opt Lasers Eng 66:10–18
Zhu S, Wang G, Zhu C (2019) A secure and fast image encryption scheme based on double chaotic s-boxes. Entropy 21(8):1–20
Zhang X-P, Guo R, Chen H-W, Zhao Z-M, Wang J-Y (2018) Efficient image encryption scheme with synchronous substitution and diffusion based on double S-boxes. Chin Phys B 27:080701. [CrossRef]
Wang X, Çavu¸so ˘glu Ü, Kacar S, Akgul A, Pham V-T, Jafari S, Alsaadi F, Nguyen X (2019) S-box based image encryption application using a chaotic system without equilibrium. Appl Sci 9:781. [CrossRef]
Çavu¸so ˘glu, Ü, Kaçar S, Pehlivan I, Zengin A (2017) Secure image encryption algorithm design using a novel chaos based S-box. Chaos Solitons Fractals 95:92–101. [CrossRef]
Xu L, Li Z, Li J, Hua W (2016) A novel bit-level image encryption algorithm based on chaotic maps. Opt Lasers Eng 78:17–25
Xiao GZ, Lu MX, Qin L, Lai XJ (2006) New field of cryptography: DNA cryptography. Chin Sci Bull 51(12):1413–1420
Wang XY, Zhang YQ, Bao XM (2015) A novel chaotic image encryption scheme using DNA sequence operations. Opt Lasers Eng 73:53–61
Wang X, Zhang H-l (2015) A color image encryption with heterogeneous bit-permutation and correlated chaos. Optics Communications 342:51–60
Chai X, Zhang J, Gan Z, Zhang Y (2019) Medical image encryption algorithm based on Latin square and memristive chaotic system. Multimed Tools Applications 78(24):35419–35453
Ahmad J, Hwang SO (2016) A secure image encryption scheme based on chaotic maps and affine transformation. Multimed Tools Appl 75(21):1–26
Anees A, Ahmed F (2014) Chaotic substitution for highly auto correlated data in encryption algorithm. Commun Nonlinear Sci 19(9):3106–3118
Chen X, Hu CJ (2017) Adaptive medical image encryption algorithm based on multiple chaotic mapping. Saudi J Biol Sci 24(8):1821–1827
Ibrahim S, Alhumyani H, Masud M, Alshamrani SS, Cheikhrouhou O, Muhammad G, Abbas AM (2020) Framework for efficient medical image encryption using dynamic S-boxes and chaotic maps. IEEE Access 8:160433–160449
Banik A, Shamsi Z, Laiphrakpam DS (2019) An encryption scheme for securing multiple medical images. J Inf Secur Appl 49, Art. no. 102398.
Yang F, Mou J, Sun K, Chu R (2020) Lossless image compression-encryption algorithm based on BP neural network and chaotic system. Multimed Tools Appl 79(27):19963–19992
Singh LD, Singh KM (2015) Image encryption using elliptic curve cryptography. Proc Comp Sci 54:472–481
Liu H, Liu Y (2014) Cryptanalyzing an image encryption scheme based on hybrid chaotic system and cyclic elliptic curve. Opt Laser Technol 56:15–19
Behnia, Sohrab, et al. (2013) Image encryption based on the Jacobian elliptic maps. J Syst Softw 86(9):2429–2438.
Hafsa A, Sghaier A, Malek J, Machhout M (2021) Image encryption method based on improved ECC and modified AES algorithm. Multimedia Tools Appl, pp 1–33.
Bentoutou Y, El Bensikaddour H, Taleb N, Bounoua N (2020) An improved image encryption algorithm for satellite applications. Adv Space Res 66(1):176–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2019.09.027
Laiphrakpam DS, Khumanthem MS (2017) Medical image encryption based on improved ElGamal encryption technique. Optik 147:88–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.08.028
Lin Z, Liu J, Lian J, Ma Y, Zhang X (2019) A novel fast image encryption algorithm for embedded systems. Multimed Tools Appl 78:20511–20531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-6824-5
Liu J, Ma Y, Li S, Lian J, Zhang X (2018) A new simple chaotic system and its application in medical image encryption. Multimed Tools Appl 77:22787–22808. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-5534-8
Zhang X, Wang X (2018) Digital image encryption algorithm based on elliptic curve public cryptosystem. IEEE Access 6:70025–70034
Singh LD, Singh KM (2015) ‘Image encryption using elliptic curve cryptography.’ ProcediaComput Sci 54:472–481
Laiphrakpam DS, Khumanthem MS (2018) A robust image encryption scheme based on chaotic system and elliptic curve over finite field. Multimedia Tools Appl 77(11):8629–8652
Zhu G, Zhang X (2008) Mixed image element encryption algorithm based on an elliptic curve cryptosystem. J Electron Imag 17(2):1–5
Luo Y, Ouyang X, Liu J, Cao L (2019) An image encryption method based on elliptic curve elgamal encryption and chaotic systems. IEEE Access 7:38507–38522
Sun Shuliang (2018) Chaotic image encryption scheme using two-by-two deoxyribonucleic acid complementary rules. Optical En 56(11):116117.
Liu Z, Xia T, Wang J (2018) Image encryption technique based on new two-dimensional fractional-order discrete chaotic map and MenezesVanstone elliptic curve cryptosystem. Chin Phys B 27(3):1–16
Dawahdeh ZE, Yaakob SN, bin Othman RR (2018) A new image encryption technique combining Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem with Hill Cipher. J King Saud Univ Comput Inform Sci 30(3):349–355
Benssalah, M., & Rhaskali, Y. (2020). A Secure DICOM Image Encryption Scheme Based on ECC, Linear Cryptography and Chaos. In: 2020 1st International Conference on Communications, Control Systems and Signal Processing (CCSSP). IEEE, New York, pp. 131–136
Akram B, Muhammad T, Sofiane K, Wei X (2019) Novel medical image encryption scheme based on chaos and dna encoding. IEEE Access 7:36667–36681.
Hua Z, Yi S, Zhou Y (2018) A new plaintext-related image encryption scheme based on chaotic sequence. Signal Process 144:134–144
Hua Z, Zhou Y (2017) Design of image cipher using block-based scrambling and image filtering. Inf Sci 396:97–113
Shang M, Yan Z, Zeguo Y, Jianhao H, Xin L (2019) A new plaintextrelated image encryption scheme based on chaotic sequence. IEEE Access 7:30344–30360.
Hayat U, Azam NA (2019) A novel image encryption scheme based on an elliptic curve. Signal Process 155:391–402
Wu J, Liao X, Yang B (2017) Color image encryption based on chaotic systems and elliptic curve ElGamal scheme. Signal Process 141:109–124
Rehman A, Khan JS, Ahmad J, Hwang SO (2016) A New Image Encryption Scheme Based on Dynamic S-Boxes and Chaotic Maps, 3D Res7:7
Tong XJ, Zhang M, Wang Z (2016) A joint color image encryption and compression scheme based on hyper-chaotic system. Nonlinear Dyn 84(4):2333–2356
Shankar K, Eswaran P (2016) An efficient image encryption technique based on optimized key generation in ECC using genetic algorithm. In: Artificial intelligence and evolutionary computations in engineering systems. Springer, New Delhi, pp. 705–714.
Shankar K, Eswaran P (2015) ECC based image encryption scheme with aid of optimization technique using differential evolution algorithm. Int J ApplEng Res 10(55):1841–1845
Ibrahim S, Alharbi A (2020) Efficient image encryption scheme using Henon Map, dynamic S-boxes and elliptic curve cryptography. IEEE Access 8:194289–194302
Wang X, Guan N, Zhao H, Wang S, Zhang Y (2020) A new image encryption scheme based on coupling map lattices with mixed multichaos. Sci Rep 10(1):9784. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66486-9
Ismail, SM, Said LA, Radwan AG, Madian AH, Abu-ElYazeed MF (2020) A novel image encryption system merging fractional-order edge detection and generalized chaotic maps. Signal Process 167, Art. no. 107280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2019. 107280.
Laiphrakpam DS, Khumanthem MS (2018) A robust image encryption scheme based on chaotic system and elliptic curve over finite field. Multimedia Tools and Applications 77(7):8629–8652
Mushin S, Nasharuddin Z (2015) Decomposition by binary codes-based speedy image encryption algorithm for multiple applications. IET Image Process 9(5):413–423
Mariusz D, Michal P, Roman R (2015) A new quaternion-based encryption method for DICOM images. IEEE Trans Image Process 24(11):4614–4622
Akram B, Ahmed AAE, Safya B (2016) A novel image encryption scheme based on substitution permutation network and chaos. Signal Process 128:155–170
Liu Y, Tang J, Xie T (2014) Cryptanalyzing a RGB image encryption algorithm based on DNA encoding and chaos map. Journal of Optics and Laser Technology 60:111–115
Jain A, Rajpal N (2016) A robust image encryption algorithm resistant to attacks using DNA and chaotic logistic maps. Multimedia Tools Appl 75(10):5455–5472
Suri S, Vijay R (2019) A synchronous intertwining logistic map-DNA approach for color image encryption. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 10(6):2277–2290
Khan JS, ur Rehman A., Ahmad J, Habib Z (2015) A new chaos-based secure image encryption scheme using multiple substitution boxes. In: 2015 Conference on information assurance and cyber security (CIACS), pp. 16–21. IEEE, New York
Khan FA, Ahmed J, Khan JS, Ahmad J, Khan MA (2017) A novel image encryption based on Lorenz equation, Gingerbreadman chaotic map and S 8 permutation. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 33(6):3753–3765
Zhang X, Zhou Z, Niu Y (2018) An image encryption method based on the Feistel network and dynamic DNA encoding. IEEE Photonics J 10(4):1–14
Liu H, Wang X, Kadir A (2012) Image encryption using DNA complementary rule and chaotic maps. Appl Soft Comput 12(5):1457–1466
Lian S, Sun J, Wang Z (2005) A block cipher based on a suitable use of the chaotic standard map. Chaos Solitons Fractals 26(1):117–129
Azimi Z, Ahadpour S (2020) Color image encryption based on DNA encoding and pair coupled chaotic maps. Multimedia Tools Appl 79(3):1727–1744
ur Rehman A, Liao X, (2019) A novel robust dual diffusion/confusion encryption technique for color Image based on Chaos, DNA and SHA-2. Multimed Tools Appl 78:2105–2133
Wu X, Kan H, Kurths J (2015) A new color image encryption scheme based on DNA sequences and multiple improved 1D chaotic maps. Appl Soft Comput 37:24–39
Wu J, Liao X, Yang B (2018) Image encryption using 2D Hénon-Sine map and DNA approach. Signal Process 153:11–23
Niyat AY, Moattar MH, Torshiz MN (2017) Color image encryption based on hybrid hyper-chaotic system and cellular automata[J]. Opt Lasers Eng 90:225–237
Li C, Luo G, Qin K et al (2017) An image encryption scheme based on chaotic tent map[J]. Nonlinear Dyn 87(1):127–133
Wolfram S (1983) Statistical mechanics of cellular automata. Rev Mod Phys 55(3):601–644
Naskar PK, Bhattacharyya S, Nandy D, Chaudhuri A (2020) A robust image encryption scheme using chaotic tent map and cellular automata. Nonlinear Dyn 100:2877–2898
Luo Y, Zhou R, Liu J, Cao Y, Ding X (2018) A parallel image encryption algorithm based on the piecewise linear chaotic map and hyper-chaotic map. Nonlinear Dyn 93(3):1165–1181
Ye G, Pan C, Huang X, Mei Q (2018) An efficient pixel-level chaotic image encryption algorithm. Nonlinear Dyn 94(1):745–756
Enayatifar R, Abdullah AH, Isnin IF (2014) Chaos-based image encryption using a hybrid genetic algorithm and a DNA sequence. Opt Lasers Eng 56:83–93.
Mondal B, Singh S, Kumar P (2019) A secure image encryption scheme based on cellular automata and chaotic skew tent map. J Inform Security Appl 45:117–130
Li Y, Wang C, Chen H (2017) A hyper-chaos-based image encryption algorithm using pixel-level permutation and bit-level permutation. Opt Lasers Eng 90:238–246
Fu C, Lin Bb, Miao Ys, Liu X, Chen Jj (2011) A novel chaos-based bit-level permutation scheme for digital image encryption. Opt Commun 284(23):5415–5423.
Tong XJ, Wang Z, Zhang M, & Liu Y (2013) A new algorithm of the combination of image compression and encryption technology based on cross chaotic map. Nonlinear Dyn 72(1):229–241
Babaei A, Motameni H, Enayatifar R (2020) A new permutation-diffusion-based image encryption technique using cellular automata and DNA sequence. Optik 203: 164000.
Niyat AY, Moattar MH, Torshiz MN (2017) Color image encryption based on hybrid hyper-chaotic system and cellular automata. Opt Lasers Eng 90:225–237
Xingyuan W, Yuanyuan Z, Huili Z, Kang G (2016) A novel color image encryption scheme using alternate chaotic mapping structure. Opt Lasers Eng 82:79–86
Xingyuan W, Hui-li Z (2015) A color image encryption with heterogeneous bitpermutation and correlated chaos. Opt Commun 342:51–60
Wu X, Kan H, & Kurths J (2015) A new color image encryption scheme based on DNA sequences and multiple improved 1D chaotic maps. Applied Soft Computing 37:24-39.
Chai X, Gan Z, Yang K, Chen Y, Liu X (2017) An image encryption algorithm based on the memristivehyperchaotic system, cellular automata and DNA sequence operations. Signal Process Image Commun 52:6–19
Wang Y, Wong KW, Liao X, Chen G (2011) A new chaos-based fast image encryption algorithm. J Appl Soft Comput 11:514–522
Xiao D, Liao XW (2009) Analysis and improvement of a chaos-based image encryption algorithm. Chaos SolitonsFract 40:2191–2199
Zhang S, Xiao D (2014) An image encryption scheme based on rotation matrix bit-level permutation and block diffusion. Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul 19:74–82
Kumar A, Raghava NS (2021) An efficient image encryption scheme using elementary cellular automata with novel permutation box. Multimedia Tools Appli, pp 1–24
Roy S, Rawat U, Sareen HA, Nayak SK (2020) IECA: an efficient IoT friendly image encryption technique using programmable cellular automata. J Ambient IntellHumanizComput 11:5083–5102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-01813-6
Li C, Luo G, Qin K, Li C (2016) An image encryption scheme based on chaotic tent map. Nonlinear Dyn 87(1):127–133
Ping P, Wu J, Mao Y, Xu F, Fan J (2018) Design of image cipher using life-like cellular automata and chaotic map. Signal Process 150:233–247
Souyah, Amina, Kamel Mohamed Faraoun (2016) An image encryption scheme combining chaos-memory cellular automata and weighted histogram. Nonlinear Dyn 86(1):639–653.
Chai X, Gan Z, Yang K, Chen Y, Liu X (2017) An image encryption algorithm based on the memristivehyperchaotic system, cellular automata and DNA sequence operations. Signal Process Image Commun 52:6–19
Mohamed AG, Korany NO, El-Khamy SE (2021) New DNA coded fuzzy based (DNAFZ) S-boxes: application to robust image encryption using hyper chaotic maps. IEEE Access 9:14284–14305
Hosseinzadeh R, Zarebnia M, Parvaz R (2019) Hybrid image encryption algorithm based on 3D chaotic system and choquet fuzzy integral. Opt Laser Technol 120:105698.
Kadir A, Hamdulla A, Guo W (2014) Color image encryption using skew tent map and hyper chaotic system of 6th-order CNN. Optik 125(5):1671–1675
Wu X, Wang D, Kurths J, Kan H (2016) A novel lossless color image encryption scheme using 2D DWT and 6D hyperchaotic system. Inform Sci 349:137–153
Seyedzadeh SM, Norouzi B, Mirzakuchaki S (2014) RGB color image encryption based on Choquet fuzzy integral. J Syst Softw 97:128–139
Bakhshandeh A, Eslami Z (2013) An authenticated image encryption scheme based on chaotic maps and memory cellular automata. Opt Lasers Eng 51:665–673
El-Latif AAA, Li L, Wang N, Han Q, Niu X (2013) A new approach to chaotic image encryption based on quantum chaotic system, exploiting color spaces. Signal Process 93:2986–3000
Liu H, Wang X, Kadir A (2013) Color image encryption using Choquet fuzzy integral and hyper chaotic system. Optik 124:3527–3533
Wang J, Zheng N, Chen B, Principe JC (2017) Associations among image assessments as cost functions in linear decomposition: MSE, SSIM, and Correlation Coefficient. arXiv:1708.01541