A single dose of nicotine proactively enhances the partial reinforcement extinction effect in the rat
Tóm tắt
On the basis of previous data showing (1) the dependence of the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE) upon the release of noradrenaline (NA) within the hippocampal formation and (2) a long-term proactive increase in intrahippocampal NA release after systemic treatment with nicotine, it was predicted that this compound would proactively enhance the PREE. The PREE was measured in rats as running speed in the straight alley after training on continuous reinforcement (CRF) or partial reinforcement (PRF) schedules of food reward, the PREE consisting in increased resistance to extinction of the running response after PRF relative to CRF training. The prediction was confirmed, largely reflecting a nicotine-induced increase in resistance to extinction in the PRF condition, in three experiments: a single injection of nicotine (0.8 mg/kg s.c.) preceding runway training and extinction at one trial a day, seven daily injections of nicotine preceding the same paradigm, and a single injection of nicotine preceding training and extinction at six trials a day. The observed behavioral changes occurred up to a month after nicotine administration, a time course similar to that seen in previous neurochemical experiments. The effects of the one- and seven-injection regimes on the PREE were statistically indistinguishable, also in agreement with previous neurochemical data.
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