A school‐based approach to the control of urinary schistosomiasis and intestinal helminth infections in children in Matuga, Kenya: impact of a two‐year chemotherapy programme on prevalence and intensity of infections

Tropical Medicine and International Health - Tập 2 Số 9 - Trang 825-831 - 1997
Pascal Magnussen1, Eric M. Muchiri2, Peter Mungai2, Malick Ndzovu2, John H. Ouma2, Saidi Tosha2
1Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Denmark
2Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya

Tóm tắt

A school‐ and chemotherapy‐based urinary schistosomiasis and intestinal helminth infection control programme was conducted in Matuga Division, Kwale District, Coast Province with teachers taking care of diagnosis, treatment and health education. More than 12 000 children in 36 primary schools were included in the 2‐year programme. Results for 20 evaluation schools are presented. Children with haematuria were treated with praziquantel (40 mg/kg) once a year. Within 2 years, the prevalence of haematuria in the schools was reduced from 28% (range 8–68%) to 11.4% (range 3–23%). More than 80% of the schoolchildren were infected with one or more intestinal helminths at baseline. After one year with levamisole mass chemotherapy, single dose (2.5 mg/kg) three times a year (once per school term), the prevalence of Ascaris infection was reduced by 83% from 18% to 3%, but there was no change in pretreatment prevalences of hookworm (57%) and Trichuris (56%) infections. In the second year of the programme, albendazole 600 mg once every six months was administered to the children in 10 randomly selected schools. This resulted in 52% and 23% reductions in prevalences of hookworm and Trichuris infections, respectively, in these schools and a reduction in mean intensity of infection of 52.8% and 50.3%, respectively.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1016/0035-9203(94)90174-0

10.1016/0035-9203(95)90101-9

10.1097/00001432-199512000-00012

Esrey SA, 1991, Effects of improved water supply and sanitation on ascariasis, diarrhoea, dracunculiasis, hookworm infection, schistosomiasis, and trachoma, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 69, 609

Evans AC, 1995, Not by drugs alone: the fight against parasitic helminths, World Health Forum, 16, 258

King CH, 1990, Chemotherapy‐based control of schistosomiasis haematobia. II Metrifonate versus praziquantel in control of infection‐associated morbidity, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 42, 587, 10.4269/ajtmh.1990.42.587

10.4269/ajtmh.1991.45.498

10.1098/rspb.1992.0011

Renegathan E, 1995, Evolution of operational research studies and development of a national control strategy against intestinal helminths: the Pemba Island experience (1988–1992), Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 37, 183

10.1016/0035-9203(92)90215-X

10.1016/0035-9203(89)90336-2

10.4269/ajtmh.1989.41.78

World Bank, 1993, World Development Report 1993, 222, 10.1596/0-1952-0890-0

World Health Organization, 1983, Diagnostic techniques in schistosomiasis control

World Health Organization, 1993, Bench Aids for the Diagnosis of Intestinal Helminths

World Health Organization, 1995, Health of schoolchildren: treatment of intestinal helminths and schistosomiasis

World Health Organization Expert Committee, 1987, Public health significance of intestinal parasitic infections, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 65, 575