A revision of the taxonomy of pentastomid parasites (genusRaillietiella Sambon, 1910) from American snakes and amphisbaenians
Tóm tắt
Two species of pentastomid belonging to the genusRaillietiella Sambon, 1910 have been described from American snakes although their characters overlap and they are only differentiated on criteria now known to be unreliable (Self, 1969). We show that the species can be readily distinguished on the sole criterion of the form of the male copulatory spicule. There is confusion in many of the early records about hosts. After untangling these records, as far as possible, we postulate that the two species have allopatric distributions, one being Neotropical and the other Nearctic. A new species,R. crotali, is described, which is close to the Neotropical speciesR. furcocera, but it has much smaller hooks. Closely related species from the Old World utilize vertebrates as intermediate hosts and this is almost certainly true of the species described here. Given this, the very considerable differences in dietary regimen of the various hosts harbouring ‘R. furcocerca’, strongly suggest that there may be more than one species involved.
R. gigliolii from the South American amphisbaenianAmphisbaena alba is also described since, historically, it has been confused withR. furcocerca. The systematics of these snake and amphisbaenian raillietiellids is discussed. ac]19821203
Tài liệu tham khảo
Ali, J.H. & Riley, J. (1983) Experimental life-cycle studies ofRaillietiella gehyrae Bovien, 1927 andRaillietiella frenatus Ali, Riley & Self, 1981: pentastomid parasites of geckos utilizing insects as intermediate hosts.Parasitology, 84, 147–160.
Ali, J.H., Riley, J. & Self, J.T. (1981) A revision of the taxonomy of the blunt-hookedRaillietiella, pentastomid parasites of African, South East Asian and Indonesian lizards, with a description of a new species.Systematic Parasitology, 3, 193–207.
Ali, J.H., Riley, J. & Self, J.T. (1982) A description of a new species ofRaillietiella (Pentastomida: Cephalobaenida) from Egyptian lizards with a re-assessment of the taxonomic status ofRaillietiella geckonis (Diesing, 1850) Sambon, 1910 andRaillietiella affinis Bovien, 1927.Systematic Parasitology, 4, 169–180.
Ali, J.H., Riley, J. & Self, J.T. (1982 a) A revision of the taxonomy ofRaillietiella boulengeri (Vaney & Sambon, 1910) Sambon, 1910,R. orientalis (Hett, 1915) Sambon, 1922 andR. agcoi Tubangui and Masilungan, 1956 (Pentastomida: Cephalobaenida).Systematic Parasitology, 4, 288–301.
Ali, J.H., Riley, J. & Self, J.T. (1982 b) Amphibians as definitive hosts for pentastomids:Raillietiella bufonis n.sp. fromBufo lemur in Puerto Rico and a reassessment ofRaillietiella indica Gedoelst, 1921.Systematic Parasitology, 4, 279–284.
Diesing, K.M. (1835) Versuch einer Monographie der Gattung Pentastoma.Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte 1, 1–32.
Emsley, M. (1977) Snakes, and Trinidad and Tobago.Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society, 13, 201–304.
Esslinger, J.H. (1968) Morphology of the egg and larva ofRaillietiella furcocerca (Pentastomida) from a Colombian snake (Clelia clelia).Journal of Parasitology, 54, 411–416.
Fain, A. (1960) Diagnoses de deux nouveaux pentastomides du Congo Belge.Revue de Zoologique et de Botanique Africaines, 61, 117–118.
Fain, A. (1961) Les pentastomides de l'Afrique centrale.Annales du Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Series 8, 92, 1–115.
Fain, A. (1964) Observations sur le cycle évolutif du genreRaillietiella (Pentastomida).Bulletin de la Classe des Science de l'Académie Royale de Belgique, Series 5, 50, 1036–1060.
Giglioli, G.S. (1923) On the linguatulid arachnidRaillietiella furcocerca (Diesing, 1935) Sambon, 1922.Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1923, 15–18.
Hett, M. (1915) On some new pentastomids from the Zoological Society's gardens, London.Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1915, 115–121.
Hett, M. (1924) On the family Linguatulidae.Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1, 107–159.
Heymons, R. (1935) Pentastomida. In:Bronns Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreiches, 5, Leipzig, pp. 1–268.
Heymons, R. & VitzthumH.G. (1935) Beiträge zur systematik der Pentastomiden.Zeitschrifte für Parasitenkunde, 8, 1–103.
Klauber, L.M. (1972)Rattlesnakes (Vols. I and II). University of California Press.
Mahon, J. (1954) A new species ofRaillietiella, a pentastomid from the Bearded lizardAmphibolurus barbatus (Cuv.).Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 124, 509–516.
Nicoli, R.M. (1963) Phylogénèse et systématique le phylum des Pentastomida.Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 38, 483–516.
Sambon, L.W. (1910) Preliminary notes on three new species of tongue worms (Linguatulidae) in the collection of the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 3, 134–154.
Self, J.T. (1969) Biological relationships of the Pentastomida; a bibliography on the Pentastomida.Experimental Parasitology, 24, 63–119.
Shipley, A.E. (1898) An attempt to revise the family Linguatulidae.Archives de Parasitologie, 1, 52–80.
Webb, J.E., Wallwork, J.A. & Elgood, J.H. (1978)Guide to Living Reptiles, Macmillan, pp. 172.
Wright, A.H. & Wright, A.A. (1957) Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada, Vol. I and II. Cornell University Press, pp. 1105.