A review of the present and future utilisation of FRP composites in the civil infrastructure with reference to their important in-service properties
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
AASHTO. Standard specification for highway bridges. American Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials. 17th ed.; 2002.
AASHTO LRFD. Bridge Design Specifications. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. 3rd ed.; 2004.
ACI. Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures. 440.2R-02. Farmington Hills (MI): American Concrete Institute; 2002.
ACI (2008), ‘Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures’, 440.2R-08. Farmington Hills (MI): American Concrete Institute.
ACI. Specification for Construction with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Reinforcing Bars. 440.5-08. Farmington Hills (MI): American Concrete Institute; 2008.
ACI. Specification for Carbon and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Bar Materials for Concrete Reinforcement, 440.6-08. Farmington Hills (MI): American Concrete Institute; 2008.
Aklonia, 1983
American Concrete Institute (ACI), ACI 440,2R-02: guide for the design and construction of externally-bonded FRP systems for strengthening concrete structures. Farmington Hills, Mich, USA: ACI; 2002.
Anania, 2005, ‘Increasing the flexural performance of RC beams strengthened with CFRP materials’, Construct Build Mater, 19, 55, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.04.011
Arora D. Rapid strengthening of reinforced concrete bridge with mechanically fastened-fibre reinforced polymer strips’ MS Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; 2003.
Asprone D, Prota A, Parretti R, Nanni A. GFRP radar-transparent barriers to protect airport infrastructures: the SAS project’. In: 4th international conference on FRP composites in civil engineering (CICE 2008), 22–24 July 2008, Zurich, Switzerland.
ASTM D6641/D6641M-09. Standard test method for compressive properties of polymer matrix composite materials using a combined loading compression (CLC) test fixture. West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959, USA; ASTM International; 2009.
Bakis, 2002, Fiber-reinforced polymer composites for construction – state-of-the-art review, J Compos Construct, 6, 73, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2002)6:2(73)
Balazs, 2001, Long-term behaviour of FRP, 84
Bank LC. Mechanically-fastened FRP (MF-FRP) – a viable alternative for strengthening RC members. In: Seracino R, editor. Proceedings of the FRP composites in civil engineering – CICE 2004. Leiden/London/New York/Philadelphia/Singapore: A.A. Balkema Publishers; 2004.
Bank LC, Arora D. Analysis and design of RC beams with mechanically fastened FRP(MF-FRP) strips. ACI Struct J, in preparation.
Bank, 1995, Accelerated test methods to determine the long-term behaviour of FRP composite structures: environmental effects, J Reinf Plast Compos, 14, 559, 10.1177/073168449501400602
Bank LC, Gentry RT, Barkatt A, Prian L, Wang F, Mangla SR. Accelerated aging of pultruded glass/vinylester rods. In: Proceeding 2nd international conference on fibre composites in infrastructure (ICCI), vol. 2; 1998 p. 423–37.
Bank LC, Borowicz DT, Arora D, Lamanna AJ. Strengthening of concrete beams with fasteners and composite material strips – scaling and anchorage issues. US Army Corps of Engineers. Draft Final Report, Contract Number DACA42-02-P-0064; 2003.
Bank LC, Arora D, Borowicz DT, Oliva M. Rapid strengthening of reinforced concrete bridges. Wisconsin Highway Research Program, Report Number 03-06; 2003. 166 pages.
Barnes, 2006, Strengthening of reinforced concrete beams in shear by the use of externally bonded steel plates: part 1 – experimental programme’, Construct Build Mater, 20, 396, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.01.034
Basler M, Mungal B, Fan S. Strengthening of structures with the Sika Carb0Dur composite strengthening systems. In: Teng JG, editor. Proceedings of the international conference on FRP composites in civil engineering – CICE 2001. Oxford, England: Elsevier Science; 2001. p. 253–62.
BD 90/05 – Design of FRP bridges and highway structures, design manual for roads and bridges, vol. 1, Section 3, Part 17; 2005.
BD67/96 Enclosure of Bridges – UK Highways Agency – Standard and Advice Notes, – Standard and Advice Notes, The Highways Agency, Southwark Street, London; 1996.
BD37/01. Enclosure of bridges. Design manual for roads and bridges, Highways Agency, London; 1988.
Berry, 1974, Tests on full size plastics panel components
Binici, 2005, An analytical model for stress–strain behaviour of confined concrete, Eng Struct, 27, 1040, 10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.03.002
Bisby, 2005, Fire endurance of FRP-confined concrete: test results and model evaluation, ACI Struct J, 102, 883
Bogas JA, Gomes A. Analysis of the CFRP flexural strengthening reinforcement approaches proposed in fib bulletin 14 2008; 22(10).
Brundtland, 1987
Canning, 1999, Manufacture, testing and numerical analysis of an innovative polymer composite/concrete structural unit, Proc Inst Civil Eng Struct Bridges, 134, 231, 10.1680/istbu.1999.31566
Canning L, Hodgson J Karuna, R, Luke S, Brown P. Progress of advanced composites for civil infrastructure. In: Proceedings of the ICE, structures and buildings, vol.160, Issue 6; 2007. p. 307–15.
Canning L. Mount pleasant FRP bridge deck over M6 motorway. In: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on FRP composites in civil engineering (CICE 2008), 22nd–24th July 2008, Zurich, Switzerland; p243 [6 pages].
Caron, 2009, Self-stressed bowstring footbridge in FRP, Compos Struct, 89, 489, 10.1016/j.compstruct.2008.11.009
Casadei P, Agneloni E. Elastic systems for dynamic retrofitting of structures. Paper 15B, Cobrae Conference 2007 – benefits of composites in civil engineering, University of Stuttgart 28–30th March 2007. Stuttgart (Germany): Pub. Itke, University of Stuttgart; 2007.
Ceroni, 2006, Durability issues of FRP rebars in reinforced concrete members, Cement Concrete Compos, 28, 857, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.07.004
Cessna, 1971, Stress–time superposition for creep data for polypropylene and coupled glass reinforced polypropylene, Polym Eng Sci, 13, 211, 10.1002/pen.760110308
Cheng, 2005, Application of time–temperature superposition principle to polymer transient kinetics, J Appl Polym Sci, 99, 1767, 10.1002/app.22706
Chowdbury EU, Bisby LA, Green MF, Kodur VKR. Performance in fire of insulated FRP-wrapped reinforced concrete columns. In: Proceedings of the 4th international workshop: structures in fire, Aveiro, Portugal; 2006. p. 791–802
Chowdbury EU. Performance in fire of reinforced concrete tee beams strengthened with externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer sheets. MSc. Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; 2005.
Chowdbury, 2008, Residual behaviour of fire-exposed reinforced concrete beams pre-strengthened in flexure with fibre-reinforced polymer sheets, J Compos Construct, 61, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2008)12:1(61)
Clarke, 2008, Quality assurance/quality control, maintenance and repair, 323
Colombi, 2003, Crack growth induced delamination on steel members reinforced by prestressed composite patch, J Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct, 26, 429, 10.1046/j.1460-2695.2003.00642.x
Composite Advantage Newsletter. Composite advantage builds new drop-in-place FRP superstructure press release 1st May; 2008.
Concrete Repair Manual. Second ed., vol.1. Farmington Hills (MI): ACI; 2003. p. 915–24.
Concrete Society. Strengthening concrete structures using fibre composite materials: acceptance, inspection and monitoring. TR57, Camberley, UK; 2003.
Concrete Society. Design guide for strengthening concrete structures using fibre composite materials. TR 55, 2nd ed. Camberley, UK; 2004.
Constable PA. Bridge modification approach – a value for money approach’ Paper 3. In: Proceedings of stronger and safer Bridges – Bridge modification 2, 21.
Correia JR, Branco FA, Ferreira JG. Fire protection of GFRP pultruded profiles for floors of buildings. In: 4th international conference on FRP composites in civil engineering. EMPA; 2009. p. 211.
Daly, 2002, The design and testing of an FRP highway bridge deck, J Res, 5
De Lorenzis, 2001, Characterisation of FRP rods as near-surface mounted reinforcement, J Compos Construct, 5, 114, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2001)5:2(114)
De Lorenzis, 2001, Shear strengthening of RC beams with near surface mounted FRP rods, ACI Struct J, 98, 60
De Lorenzis L, Micelli F, La Tegola A. Passive and active near surface mounted FRP rods for flexural strengthening of RC beams. In: Proceedings of ICCI’02, San Francisco, USA; 2002.
De Lorenzis, 2007, Near-surface mounted reinforcement: an emerging technique for structural strengthening, Compos Part B: Eng, 38, 119, 10.1016/j.compositesb.2006.08.003
De Lorenzis, 2008, Structurally deficient civil engineering infrastructure: concrete, metallic, masonry and timber structures
Deniaud, 2001, Shear behaviour of RC T-beams with externally bonded fiber reinforced polymer sheets, ACI Struct J, 93, 386
Deniaud, 2001, Review of design methods for reinforced concrete beams strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer sheets, Can J Civil Eng, 28, 271, 10.1139/l00-113
Deniaud, 2003, Reinforced concrete t-beams strengthened in shear with forced fiber polymer sheets, J Concrete Construct, ASCE, 7, 302, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2003)7:4(302)
Deskovic, 1995, Innovative design of FRP combined with concrete: short-term behaviour, J Struct Eng, 121, 1069, 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1995)121:7(1069)
Ebead, 2004, Fiber-reinforced polymer strengthening og two-way slabs, ACI Struct J, 101, 650
Egan J. Rethinking construction. Report commissioned by John Prescott, the deputy Prime Minister in July 1998. Source: Rethinking Construction; 1998.
El-Hacha, 2004, Near-surface-mounted fibre-reinforced polymer reinforcements for flexural strengthening of concrete structures, ACI Struct J, 101, 717
El-Refaie, 2003, Sagging and hogging strengthening of continuous reinforced concrete beams using CFRP sheets, ACI Struct J, 100, 446
Elsayed, 2007, Interfacial behavior and debonding failures in FRP-strengthened concrete slabs, J Compos Construct, 11, 619, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2007)11:6(619)
Erki MA, Heffernan PJ, Reinforced concrete slabs externally strengthened with fiber reinforced plastic materials. In: L. Taerwe, editor. Proceedings of the second international RILEM symposium FRPRCS-2. Belgium: University of Ghent; 1995. p. 509–16.
Eshwar N, Ibell T, Nanni A. CFRP strengthening of concrete bridges with curved soffits. In: Forde MC, editor. Proceedings of structural faults + repair 2003, London, UK. CD-ROM, 2003. 10 pp.
Fam, 2001, Confinement model for axially loaded concrete confined by circular fiber-reinforced polymer tubes, ACI Struct J, 98, 451
Fam, 2001, Behavior of axially loaded concrete-filled circular fiber-reinforced polymer tubes, ACI Struct J, 98, 280
Fanning P, Kelly O. Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams: an experimental study using CFRP plates. In: Forde MC, editor. Proceedings of the 8th international conference on structural faults and repair. Edinburgh (UK): Engineering Technics Press; 1999.
Federation Internationale du Beton, fib Task Group 9.3. Externally bonded FRP reinforcement for RC structures. FIB, Lausanne; 2001.
fib Bulletin 14. Design and use of externally bonded FRP reinforcement for RC Structures. Federation Internationale du Beton; 2001.
Garden HN, Shahidi EG. ´The use of advanced composite laminates as structural reinforcement in a historical building. In: Shenoi RA, Moy SJ, Hollaway LC, editors. Proceedings of the international conference ‘advanced polymer composites for structural applications in construction. University of Southampton, UK, 15–17 April; 2002. p. 457–65.
Gordon SR, May IM. Precast deck systems for steel-concrete composite bridges. In: Proceedings of the institution of civil engineers, Bridge Engineering 160, March 2007, Issue BE1; 2007 p. 25–35.
GRP road bridge .An operational response to ageing infrastructure. EC Composites magazine, November/December; 2008, (45), 64.
Guyson Manual of blast media’, Guyson data sheets; 1989.
Hackman, 2006, Epoxy-layered silicate nanocomposites in civil engineering, Composites Part A, 37, 1161, 10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.05.027
Haque, 2003, S2-Glass/epoxy polymer nanaocomposites: manufacturing, structures, thermal and mechanical properties, J Compos Mater, 37, 1821, 10.1177/002199803035186
Harajli, 2003, Shear strengthening of interior slab-column connections using carbon fibre-reinforced polymer sheets, J Compos Construct, 7, 145, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2003)7:2(145)
Harries, 2003, Experimental investigation of the behaviour of variably confined concrete, Cem Concr Res, 33, 873, 10.1016/S0008-8846(02)01086-4
Harries, 2003, FRP materials and concrete – research needs, Concrete Int, 25, 69
Hassan, 2002, Flexural strengthening of post-tensioned bridge slabs with FRP systems, PCI J, 47, 76, 10.15554/pcij.01012002.76.93
Hastak M, Halpin DW, Hong T. Constructability, maintainability, and operability of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) Bridge Deck Panels. DOT Final Report (FHWA/IN/JTRP-2004/15); 2004.
Head P. The world’s first advanced composite road bridge. In: Symposium on – short and medium span bridges, Calgary, Canada; 1994.
Head P. GRP Walkway membranes for bridge access and protection. Paper delivered to 13th RPG Congress, British Plastic Federation, London; 1982.
Heinberg R, Mander J. Searching for a miracle: net energy’ limits and the fate of industrial society. Post Carbon Institute and International Forum on Globalization Nov 13; 2009.
Hollaway, 1993
Hollaway, 1999
Hollaway, 1999
Hollaway, 2001
Hollaway, 2003, The evolution of and the way forward for advanced polymer composites in the civil infrastructure, Construct Build Mater, 17, 365, 10.1016/S0950-0618(03)00038-2
Hollaway, 2007, Fibre-reinforced polymer composite structures and structural components: current applications and durability issues
Hollaway, 2008, Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites used in rehabilitation
Hollaway, 2008, Case studies
Hollaway, 2008, Advanced fibre polymer composite structural systems used in bridge engineering, 503
Hollaway, 2008
Hollaway, 2009
Hollaway LC. Advanced polymer composites. In: Hollaway LC, Chen JF, sub editors, Forde M, editor. ICE manual of construction material. Thomas Telford, London; 2009 [Chapters 51 and 52, of Section 7].
Hollaway LC. Review of the generation of solar electricity – with special reference to a reinforced thermoplastics solar support system ASCE J Compos Construct, in press.
Holliday L, White JW. The stiffness of polymers in relation to their structure. In: Pure and applied chemistry, international symposium on macromolecules, Leiden, The Netherlands 31 August 31st 4th September 170, vol. 26, Issue 3; 1971. p. 545–82.
Hongbo, 2009, Cracked steel plate with CFRP patch, Compos Struct, 91, 74
Hulatt, 2000, Characteristics of composite concrete beams, 83
Hulatt J, Hollaway LC, Thorne AM. Developing the use of advanced composite materials in the construction industry. In: Proceedings of the international conference, FRPRC-5, Cambridge, UK; July 2001.
Hulatt, 2003, The use of advanced polymer composites to form an economic structural unit, Int J Construct Build Mater, 17, 55, 10.1016/S0950-0618(02)00093-4
Hulatt, 2003, Short term testing of a hybrid T-beam made from a new prepreg material, ASCE J Compos Construct, 7, 135, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2003)7:2(135)
Hulatt J, Hollaway LC, Thorne AM. A novel advanced polymer composite/concrete structural element. In: Proceedings of the institution of civil engineers. Special issue: advanced polymer composites for structural applications in construction; February 2004, p. 9–17.
Hull, 1996
Hutchinson A. Adhesives for externally bonded FRP reinforcement. In: Hollaway LC, Chen JF, sub editors. Mike Forde, editor, ICE manual of construction materials, vol 2. Thomas Telford, London, UK; 2009 [chapter 57, Section 7].
Iabucci, 2003, ‘Retrofit of square concrete columns with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer for seismic resistance, ACI Struct J, 100, 785
Ibell TJ, Silva PF. A theoretical strategy for moment redistribution in continuous FRP-strengthened concrete structures. In: Hollaway LC, Chryssanthopoulos MK, Moy SSJ, editors. Proceedings of conference ACIC-2004, 20–22nd April 2004, Guildford, Surrey, UK; 2004. p. 144–51.
ISIS Canada. ISIS Canada, Design Manual No. 3, ‘Strengthening Reinforcing Concrete Structures with Externally Bonded Fiber Reinforced Polymers’, Canadian Network of Centers of Excellence on Intelligent Sensing for Innovative Structures, ISIS Canada Corporation, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (Spring 2001); 2001.
Jones, 1985, Strength loss in E-glass fibres after exposure to organics acids, J Mater Sci, 20, 3325, 10.1007/BF00545202
Klowak, 2006, Static and fatigue investigation of second generation steel-free bridge decks, Cement Concrete Compos, 28, 890, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.07.019
Katsuki F. Evaluation of alkaline resistance of fibre reinforcement for concrete. Thesis submitted to the University of Tokyo for D, Engrg degree; 1997 [in Japanese].
Karbhari, Li. A review of durability based safety factors for the use of FRP composites in civil infrastructure. In: Fu-Kuo Chang, editor. 10th US–Japan conference on composite materials. Stanford University, Co-organised by Air-force Office of Scientific Research, The American Society for Composites and the National Science Foundation, 16–18, 2002 Stanford University, Stanford, California; 2002. p. 292–300.
Karbhari, 2003, Durability gap analysis for fiber-reinforced polymer composites in civil infrastructure, J Compos Construct, 7, 238, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2003)7:3(238)
Karbhari, 2003, Durability of FRP composites for civil infrastructure myth, mystery or reality, Adv Struct Eng, 6, 243, 10.1260/136943303322419250
Karbhari, 2007, Fabrication, quality and service-life issues for composites in civil engineering
Katz, 2000, Bond to concrete of FRP rebars after cyclic loading, J Compos Construct, 4, 137, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2000)4:3(137)
Kazunori, 2004, Analytical model for concrete confined with fiber reinforced polymer concrete, ASCE J Compos Construct, 8, 341, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2004)8:4(341)
Keller, 2001, Recent all-composite and hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer bridges and buildings, J Prog Struct Eng Mater, 3, 132, 10.1002/pse.66
Keller, 2006, Fire endurance of loaded and liquid-cooled GFRP slabs for construction, Composites: Part A, 37, 1055, 10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.03.030
Kendall, 2007, Building the future with FRP composites, Reinf Plast, 51, 31, 10.1016/S0034-3617(08)70131-0
Khennane A. A new design concept for a hybrid FRP-high strength concrete beam for infrastructure applications. In: 4th international conference on FRP composites in civil engineering (CICE 2008), 22–24 July 2008, Zurich, Switzerland; 2008.
Kim, 1995
Kim, 1987, Fatigue strength, vol 1, 436
Kinloch, 1987
Mirmiran, 1998, Effect of column parameters on FRP confined concrete, J Compos Construct, 2, 175, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(1998)2:4(175)
Klowak C, Eden R, Mufti AA, Elkholy I, Tadros G, Loewen E. First application of second-generation steel-free slabs for bridge rehabilitation. In: Watanabe E, Frangopol DM, Utsunomiya T, editor. Bridge management, safety, management and cost. Proceedings of the 2nd international conference IABMAS. London (UK): Taylor and Francis Group plc.; 2004. p. 453–4.
Kuang, 2003, The use of conventional optical fibres and fibre Bragg gratings for damage detection in advanced composite structures – a review, Appl Mech, Rev, 56, 493, 10.1115/1.1582883
Kuang, 2009, Plastic optical fibre sensors for structural health monitoring: a review of recent progress, J Sensors, 2009, 1, 10.1155/2009/312053
Lam, 2002, Strength models for fiber-reinforced plastic-confined concrete, ASCE J Struct Eng, 128, 612, 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:5(612)
Lam, 2003, Design-oriented stress–strain model for FRP-confined concrete, Construct Build Mater, 17, 471, 10.1016/S0950-0618(03)00045-X
Latham M. Constructing the team. The final report of the government/industry review of procurement and contractual arrangements in the UK construction industry HMSO, London; 1994.
Le Baron, 1999, Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites, An Overview Appl Clay Sci, 15, 11, 10.1016/S0169-1317(99)00017-4
Lee SU, Hong K-J. Experiencing more composite-deck bridges and developing innovative profile of snap-fit connections. Paper 10B, Cobrae Conference 2007 – Benefits of Composites in Civil Engineering, University of Stuttgart 28–30th March 2007 – Stuttgart, Germany, Pub. Itke, University of Stuttgart; 2007.
Lee, 2009, The role of FRP composites in a sustainable world, Clean Technol Environ Policy, 11, 247, 10.1007/s10098-009-0253-0
El Sayed, 2007, Interfacial behavior and debonding failures in FRP-strengthened concrete slabs, J Compos Construct, 11, 619, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2007)11:6(619)
Longworth, 2004, Prestressed CFRP sheets for strengthening two-way slabs in flexure, 8
Li, 1999, In-situ leaching investigation of pH and nitrite concentration in concrete pore solution, Cement Concrete Res, 29, 315, 10.1016/S0008-8846(98)00224-5
Limam, 2003, Reinforced concrete two-way slabs strengthened with CFRP strips: experimental study and a limit analysis approach, J Compos Construct, 60, 467, 10.1016/S0263-8223(03)00011-4
Longinow A, Krauthammer T, Mohammadi J. Research needed to resist terroristattacks – section on dynamics of structures. In: Proceedings of the structures congress, Orlando, Florida, ASEC; 1987. p. 712–20.
Liu, 2005, Epoxy–clay nanocomposites: dispersion, morphology and performance, Compos Sci Technol, 65, 307, 10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.07.012
Lu, 2007, Intermediate crack debonding in FRP-strengthened RC beams: FE analysis and strength model, J Compos Construct, 11, 161, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2007)11:2(161)
Lui, 2004, Parametric studies of intermediate crack (IC) debonding on adhesively plated beams
Luke, 2002, The development of an advanced composite bridge decking system – project ASSET, Struct Eng Int, 12, 10.2749/101686602777965522
Luke S, Canning L. Strengthening highways and railway bridge structures with FRP composites–case studies. In: Advanced polymer composites for structural applications in construction. Proceedings of the second international conference, held at the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, on 20–22 April, 2004, Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Cambridge, England; 2004. p. 745–55.
Luke S, Canning L. Strengthening and repair of railway bridges using FRP composites. In: Parke GAR, Disney P, editors. Proceedings of the 5th international conference on bridge management. University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, 13–15th April; 2005. London: Thomas Telford.
Matthews, 1999
McKenzie, M., (1991), Corrosion protection: The environment created by bridge enclosure, Research Report 293, (1991), from Bridges Division, Structures Group, Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, Bib ID 26584.
McKenzie M. The corrosivity of the environment inside the Tees Bridge enclosure: final year results. Project Report PR/BR/10/93; 1993.
Mertz, D.R. and Gillespie, J.W., (1996). ,Rehabilitation of steel bridge girders through the application of Advanced Composite Materials’, Final Report to the Transportation Research Board for NCHRP-IDEA Project 11, pp. 30.
Micelli, 2004, Durability of FRP rods for concrete structures, Construct Build Mater, 18, 491, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.04.012
Mosallam AS, Chakrabarti PR. Making connection. Civil Engineering, ASCE; 1997. p. 56–59 [Editor].
Moy SSJ. FRP composites – life extension and strengthening of metallic structures. Institution of Civil Engineers; 2001. p. 33–5.
Motavalli M, Czaderski C. FRP composites for retrofitting of existing civil structures in Europe: state-of-the-art review. Composites and Polycon 2007, American Composites Manufacturers Association, October 17–119th 2007, Tampa, FL, USA; 2007. p. 1–10.
Mouritz AP, Gibson AG. Fire properties of polymer composite materials, Springer, Dordrecht; 2006. p. 394 (ISBN 140253559).
Meier, 1995, Strengthening of structures using carbon fibre/epoxy composites, Construct Build Mater, 9, 341, 10.1016/0950-0618(95)00071-2
Meier H, Basler M, Fan S. Structural strengthening with bonded CFRP L-shaped plates. In: Teng JG, editor. Proceedings of the international conference on FRP composites in civil engineering – CICE 2001. Oxford (England): publishers Elsevier Science; 2001. p. 263–72.
Meier U. Proposal for a carbon fibre reinforced composite bridge across the Strait of Gibraltar at its narrowest site. In: Proceedings of the institution of mechanical engineers, Part B: management and engineering manufacture, vol. 201(B2); 1987. p. 73–8.
Meier, 1999, Structural tensile elements made of advanced composite materials, Struct Eng Int, 9, 281, 10.2749/101686699780481817
Michel, 2009, Flexural stiffness modelling of RC slab strengthened by externally bonded FRP, Composites Part B, 40, 758, 10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.07.005
Mirmiran A, Shahawy M, Nanni A Karbhari VM. Bonded repair and retrofit of concrete structures using FRP composites: recommended construction specification and processing control manual. NCHRP 514, Transport Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC; 2004. p. 66–74.
Mirmiran A, Shahawy M, Nanni A, Karbhari, Yalim B. Recommended construction specifications and process control manual for repair and retrofit of concrete structures using bonded FRP composites. Report 609 National Cooperative Highway Research Program; 2008.
Mirmiran, 2003, Stay-in-place FRP form for concrete columns, Adv Struct Eng, 6, 231, 10.1260/136943303322419241
Mosallam, 2003, Strengthening of two-way concrete slabs with composite laminates, Construct Build Mater, 17, 43, 10.1016/S0950-0618(02)00092-2
Mosallam AS. Composites for highway bridges applications: a state-of-the-art review, Paper 7B, cobrae conference 2007 – benefits of composites in civil engineering, University of Stuttgart 28–30th March 2007 – Stuttgart, Germany, Pub. Itke, University of Stuttgart; 2007.
Mouritz, 2007
Mufti, 1993, Experimental investigation of FRP slabs without internal steel reinforcement, Can J Civil Eng, 20, 398, 10.1139/l93-055
Mufti A, Benmokrane B, Boulfiza M, Bakht B, Breyy P. Field study on durability of GFRP Reinforcement. International Bridge Deck Workshop, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. April 14–15; 2005.
Mufti, A., Onofrei, M., Benmokrane, B., Banthia, N., Boulfiza, M., Newhook, J., Bakht, B., Tadros, G. and Brett, P. (2005) ‘Durability of GFRP reinforced concrete in field structures. 7th International Symposium on Fiber Reinforcement for Reinforced Concrete Structures (FRPRCS-7), New Orleans Lousiana, USA, November 7–10; 2005.
Mufti A, Onofrei M, Benmokrane B, Banthia N, Boulfiza M, Newhook J, et al. Report on the studies of GFRP durability in concrete from field demonstration structures. In: Hamelin et al., editors. Proceedings of the composites in construction 2005 – 3rd international conference, Lyon, France, July 11–13; 2005.
Mufti, 2008, State-of-the-art of FRP and SHM applications in bridge structures in Canada, Compos Res J, 2, 60
Ngo T, Mendis P, Gupta A, Ramsay J. Review of blast loading. Special edition: Loading on Structures 2007 of the Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering; 2007.
Nkurunziza G, Debaiky A, Cousin P, Benmokrane B. Durability of GFRP bars: a critical review of the literature. In: Proceedings structural engineering materials, vol. 7; 2005. p. 194–209.
O’Brien, 1990, Towards a damage tolerance philosophy for composite materials and structures
Pešić, 2005, Flexural analysis and design of reinforced concrete beams with externally bonded FRP reinforcement, Mater Struct, 38, 183, 10.1007/BF02479343
Philips, 1989
Photiou, 2006, Selection of carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer systems for steelwork upgrading, J Mater Civil Eng, 18, 641, 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2006)18:5(641)
Pilakoutas, 2000, Composites in concrete construction
Porter, 2007, Future directions for research in FRP composites in concrete construction, J Compos Construct, 11, 252, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2007)11:3(252)
Quantrill, 1996, Part 1, experimental and analytical investigation of FRP strengthened beam response, Mag Concrete Res, 48, 331, 10.1680/macr.1996.48.177.331
Quantrill, 1996, Part 2, predictions of the maximum plate end stresses of FRP strengthened beams, Mag Concrete Res, 48, 343, 10.1680/macr.1996.48.177.343
Ray, 2003, Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: a review from preparation to processing, Prog Polym Sci, 28, 1539, 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2003.08.002
Reed, 2004, Evaluation of prestressed concrete girders strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheets’ ASCE, J Bridge Eng, 9, 185, 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2004)9:2(185)
Reitman, 1997, A new simplified method for nonlinear reinforced concrete slabs analysis, ACI Struct J, 94, 399
Righiniotis, 2004, Fracture mechanics 2D-FEA of cracked steel plate with a CFRP patch
Roach, 1974, The manufacturer’s view of the general use of plastics panels as structural and non-load bearing units
Saadatmanesh, 1996, Seismic strengthening of circular bridge pier models with fibre composites, ACI Struct J, 93, 639
Samaan, 1998, Model of confined concrete by fiber composites, ASCE J Struct Eng, 124, 1025, 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:9(1025)
Schlaich M, Bleicher A. Caron fibre stress-ribbon bridge, Paper 1, cobrae conference 2007 – benefits of composites in civil engineering, University of Stuttgart 28–30th March 2007 – Stuttgart, Germany, Pub. Itke, University of Stuttgart; 2007.
Schnerch, 2008, Flexural strengthening of steel bridges with high modulus CFRP strips, ASCE J Bridge Eng, 13, 192, 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2008)13:2(192)
Seible, 1997, Seismic retrofit of RC columns with continuous carbon fiber jackets, ASCE J Compos Construct, 1, 52, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(1997)1:2(52)
Seim, 2001, External FRP post-strengthening of scaled concrete slabs, J Compos Construct, ASDCE, 5, 67, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2001)5:2(67)
Sen, 2002, Durability of E-glass/vinylester reinforcement in alkaline solution, ASI Struct J, 99, 369
Sen, 2003, Advances in the application of FRP for repairing corrosion damage, Prog Struct Eng Mater, 5, 99, 10.1002/pse.147
Sheikh, 2002, Seismic behaviour of concrete columns confined with steel and fiber-reinforced polymers, ACI, Struct J, 99, 72
Smith, 2002, FRP strengthened RC beams I – review of de-bonding strength models, Eng Struct, 24, 385, 10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00105-5
Smith, 2002, FRP strengthened RC beams II – assessment of de-bonding strength models, Eng Struc, 24, 397, 10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00106-7
Spoelstra, 1999, FRP-confined concrete model, ASCE J Compos Construct, 3, 143, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(1999)3:3(143)
2000
Stratford T. Aberfeldy Footbridge after 16years. Paper presented at the Long term In-service Performance of FRPs in Construction, Seminar 1st July 2008 Arup Campus Birmingham, UK; 2008.
Subramaniyan AK, Bing Q, Nakaima D, Sun CT. Effect of Nanoclay on compressive strength of glass fibre composites. In: Proceedings of the 18th technical conference, American Society for Composites, Gainesville, FL, 20–22nd October; 2003.
Sun, 1985, On the impact of initially stressed composite laminates, J Compos Mater, 19, 490, 10.1177/002199838501900601
Takács PE, Kanstad T. Strengthening pre-stressed concrete beams with carbon fiber reinforced polymer plates. NTNU Report R-9-00, Trondheim, Norway; 2000.
Tavakkolizadeh, 2003, Strengthening of steel-concrete composite girders using carbon fibre reinforced polymers sheets, J Struct Eng ASCE, 129, 30, 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:1(30)
Teng, 2002
Teng JG, Lu XZ Ye LP, Jiang JJ. Recent research on intermediate crack de-bonding in FRP-strengthened RC beams. In: Proceeding of 4th international conference on advanced composite materials in bridges and Structures, (ACMBS IV), Calgary, Alberta, Canada, July, 2004. CD-ROM; 2004.
Teng, 2004, Behaviour of hybrid FRP-concrete-steel double-skin tubular columns, 811
Teng, 2007, Hybrid FRP-concrete-steel tubular columns: concept and behaviour, Construct Build Mater, 21, 846, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.06.017
Tastani, 2008, Detailing procedures for seismic rehabilitation of reinforced concrete members with fiber reinforced polymers, Eng Struct, 30, 450, 10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.03.028
TGP. Birse Rail and TGP complete the UK railway network’s forest vehicle carrying FRP bridge deck over a railway. Newslett; March 2008.
Triantafillou, TC, Meier U. Innovative design of FRP combined with concrete. In: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on advanced composites for bridges and structures (ACMBS), Sherbrooke, Quebec; 1992. p. 491–99.
Triantafillou TC. Composite materials for civil engineering construction. In: Proceedings of the first Israeli workshop on composite materials for civil engineering construction, Haifa, Israel; May 1995. p. 17–20.
Ushakov AE, Dubinsky SV, Ozerov SN. FRP components for bridge superstructures: status and future projects - Russian perspective. In: 5th international engineering and construction conference IECC, 27–29 August 2008, Irvine, CA, USA.
Uomoto T, Nishimura T. Determination of Aramid, Glass and Carbon Fibres due to alkali, acid and water in different temperatures. In: Proceedings 4th international symposium, FRPRCS-4, ACI SP-188, American Concrete Institute; 1999. p. 515–22.
Uomoto T. Durability considerations for FRP reinforcements. In: Burgoyne CJ, editor. Proceedings of 5th International Conference on fibre-reinforced plastics for reinforced concrete structures. Cambridge, UK; 2001.
Uomoto T. Development of new GFRP with high alkali resistivity. In: Proceedings of 4th international conference on advanced composite materials in bridges and structures ACMBS-IV, Calgary, Alberta; 2004.
Utraki, 2004, vol. 1
van Ooij, 2005, Corrosion protection properties of organofunctional silanes – an overview, Tsinghua Sci Technol, 10, 639, 10.1016/S1007-0214(05)70134-6
Xiao, 1997, Seismic retrofit of RC circular columns using prefabricated composite jacking, ASCE, J Struct Eng, 123, 1357, 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1997)123:10(1357)
Xiao, 2000, Compressive behavior of concrete confined by carbon fiber composite jackets, ASCE J Mater Civil Eng, 12, 139, 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2000)12:2(139)
Xiao, 2004, Applications of FRP composites in concrete column, Adv Struct Eng, 7, 335, 10.1260/1369433041653552
Yamaguchi T. Deterioration due to ultraviolet radiation and the creep failure of FRP rods. D. Engrg thesis, University of Tokyo; 1998 [in Japanese].
Zhang C, Canning L. A successful model for introducing non-conventional materials in construction. In: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on non-conventional materials and technologies (NOCMAT 2009) 6–9 September 2009, Bath, UK; 2009.
Zeris CA. Experimental investigation of strengthening of non ductile RC beams using FRP. In: Proceedings of the 8th US national conference on earth-quakes, 18–22nd April 2006, San Francisco, California, USA; 2006. 11p.
Zhou, 2002, Damage detection and assessment in fibre-reinforced composite structures with embedded fibre optic sensors-review, Smart Mater Struct, 11, 925, 10.1088/0964-1726/11/6/314
Zhou, 2003, Nanoclay and Long fibre reinforced composites based on epoxy and phenolic resins, ANTEC, 2094
Maruyama K, Ueda T. JSCE design recommendations for upgrading of RC members by FRP sheet. In: FRPRCS-5—fibre-reinforced plastics for reinforced concrete structures, UK; 2001.