A review of the feasibility of using crumb rubber derived from end-of-life tire as asphalt binder modifier

Mashaan NS et al (2014) A review on using crumb rubber in reinforcement of asphalt pavement. Sci World J. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/214612 Yildirim Y (2007) Polymer modified asphalt binders. Constr Build Mater 21(1):66–72 Zanzotto L, Kennepohl GJ (1996) Development of rubber and asphalt binders by depolymerization and devulcanization of scrap tires in asphalt. Transp Res Rec 1530(1):51–58 Presti DL (2013) Recycled tyre rubber modified bitumens for road asphalt mixtures: a literature review. Constr Build Mater 49:863–881 Neto SAD, Farias MM, Pais JC, Pereira PA, Sousa JB (2006) Influence of crumb rubber and digestion time on the asphalt rubber binders. Road Mater Pavement Des 7(2):131–148 Hong W, Li Q, Lv Z, Guan G, Xing G (2011) Preparation and properties of anion rubber-modified asphalt. In: 2011 International conference on materials for renewable energy and environment, vol 1, IEEE, pp. 932–935 Kök BV, Çolak H (2011) Laboratory comparison of the crumb-rubber and SBS modified bitumen and hot mix asphalt. Constr Build Mater 25(8):3204–3212 Ghaly NF (2008) Effect of sulfur on the storage stability of tire rubber modified asphalt. World J Chem 3(2):42–50 Hernández Olivares F, Witoszek-Schultz B, Alonso-Fernández M, Benito-Moro C (2009) Rubber-modified hot-mix asphalt pavement by dry process. Int J Pavement Eng 10(4):277–288 Fontes LP, Trichês G, Pais JC, Pereira PA (2010) Evaluating permanent deformation in asphalt rubber mixtures. Constr Build Mater 24(7):1193–1200 Al-Ani TMA, Ahmed TY, Mahmood WM, Al-Ani SMA (2011) Using crumb of tyres in hot asphalt mixture as part of aggregate. ALRafdain Eng J 19(2):29–39 Moreno F, Rubio MC, Martinez-Echevarria MJ (2012) The mechanical performance of dry-process crumb rubber modified hot bituminous mixes: the influence of digestion time and crumb rubber percentage. Constr Build Mater 26(1):466–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.06.046 Mashaan NS, Ali AH, Koting S, Karim MR (2013) Performance evaluation of crumb rubber modified stone mastic asphalt pavement in Malaysia. Adv Mater Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/304676 Hamad GS, Jaya RP, Hassan NA, Aziz MMA, Mohd Yusak MI (2014) Influences of crumb rubber size on hot mix asphalt mixtures. Dissertation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Chen M, Zheng J, Li F, Wu S, Lin J, Wan L (2015) Thermal performances of asphalt mixtures using recycled tyre rubber as mineral filler. Road Mater Pavement Des 16(2):379–391. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2014.1002524 Moreno-Navarro F, Rubio-Gámez MC, Jiménez Del Barco-Carrión A (2016) Tire crumb rubber effect on hot bituminous mixtures fatigue-cracking behaviour. J Civ Eng Manag 22(1):65–72 Wulandari PS, Tjandra D (2017) Use of crumb rubber as an additive in asphalt concrete mixture. Procedia Eng 171:1384–1389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.451 Arabani M, Tahami SA, Hamedi GH (2018) Performance evaluation of dry process crumb rubber-modified asphalt mixtures with nanomaterial. Road Mater Pavement Des 19(5):1241–1258 Franesqui MA, Yepes J, García-González C, Gallego J (2019) Sustainable low-temperature asphalt mixtures with marginal porous volcanic aggregates and crumb rubber modified bitumen. J Clean Prod 207:44–56 Ržek L, Turk MR, Tušar M (2020) Increasing the rate of reclaimed asphalt in asphalt mixture by using alternative rejuvenator produced by tire pyrolysis. Constr Build Mater 232:117177 Thompson DC, Hoiberg AJ (eds) (1979) Bituminous materials: asphalt tars and pitches. Krieger Publishing Co., New York Epps JA (1994) Uses of recycled rubber tires in highways, vol 198, Transportation Research Board Lo Presti D, Memon N, Grenfell J, Airey G (2014) alternative methodologies to evaluate storage stability of rubberised bitumens. CRC Press, Boca Raton Kuennen T (2004) Asphalt rubber makes a quiet comeback. Better Roads Mag 74(5) Scofield LA (1989) The history, development, and performance of asphalt rubber at ADOT. Special Report, Report Number AZ-SP-8902, Arizona Department of Transportation, Materials Section, Phoenix, AZ Takal HB (1991) Advances in technology of asphalt paving materials containing used tire rubber. Tire Rubber Asphalt Pavements 1339:23 Baker TE, Allen TM, Jenkins DV, Mooney T, Pierce LM, Christie RA, Weston JT (2003) Evaluation of the use of scrap tires in transportation-related applications in the State of Washington. Washington State Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, 20(3) Othman Z, Hainin MR, Warid MNM, Idham MK, Kamarudin SNN (2018) Cup lump modified asphalt mixture along jalan Kuala Lumpur-Kuantan, daerah Temerloh, Pahang. In MATEC Web of Conferences, vol 250, EDP Sciences, p. 02007 Ahmed ZAA (2016) Modification of asphalt binder with various percentages of crumb rubber in flexible pavement, Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Sousa JB (2005) Experiences with use of reclaimed rubber in asphalt within Europe. Birmingham: sn Rubber in Roads. Mavridou S, Oikonomou N, Kalofotias A (2010) Worldwide survey on best (and worse) practices concerning rubberized asphalt mixtures implementation (number of different cases, extent of application. Thessaloniki: EU-LIFE+ Environment Policy and Governance. ROADTIRE D 2:1–1 Cheng D, Hicks RG, Teesdale T (2011) Assessment of warm mix technologies for use with asphalt rubber paving applications. In: Transportation research board 90th annual meeting. Washington DC, pp 11–3599 Antunes M, Baptista F, Eusébio MI, Costa MS, Valverde Miranda C (2000) Characterization of asphalt rubber mixtures for pavement rehabilitation projects in Portugal, Asphatl Rubber, Faro, Portugal, 2000 Gallego J, Del Val MA, Tomas R (2000) Spanish experience with asphalt pavements modified with tire rubber. Asphalt Rubber, 2000 Santagata FA, Canestrari F, Pasquini E (2007) Mechanical characterization of asphalt rubber-wet process. In: Proceedings of 4th International SIV Congress. Palermo. Italy Dasek O, Kudrna J, Kachtík J, Spies K (2012) Asphalt rubber in Czech Republic. Munich: sn Asphatl Rubber Nordgren T, Tykesson A (2012) Dense graded asphalt rubber in cold climate conditions. Munich: sn Asphalt Rubber Widyatmoko I, Elliot R (2007) A review of the use of crumb rubber modified asphalt worldwide. UK: Waste & Resources Action Programme (WRAP) Pinto A, Sousa J (2012) The first Brazilian experience with in situ field blend rubber asphalt. Munich: sn Asphalt Rubber, 2012 Nourelhuda M, Ali G (2012) Asphalt-rubber pavement construction and performance: the Sudan experience. Munich: sn Asphalt Rubber, 2012 Magalhães JH, Soares JB (2003) The effect of crumb rubber gradation and binder-rubber interaction time on the mechanical properties of asphalt-rubber mixtures (dry process). In: Asphalt Rubber Conference Papers Scott E (2016) End-of-life Tyre Report 2015. European Tyre & Rubber Manufacturers Association, 36. Bartolozzi I, Antunes I, Rizzi F (2012) The environmental impact assessment of asphalt rubber: life cycle assessment. In: Proceedings of the 5th asphalt rubber "roads of the future" international conference, Munich, Germany, pp. 23–26 Antunes I, Way GB, Sousa J, Kaloush K (2006) The successful world wide use of asphalt rubber. In: 16th Convegno Nazionale SIIV, Cosenza, 2006a. Antunes I., Giuliani F., Sousa JB, "Chemical Modification of Asphalt Rubber with Polyphosphoric Acid" Asphalt Rubber 2006 Conference, San Diego ETRMA—European Tyre Rubber Manufacturers Association (2017) European tyre and rubber industry—Statistics. Accessed October 2019 Torretta V, Rada EC, Ragazzi M, Trulli E, Istrate IA, Cioca LI (2015) Treatment and disposal of tyres: two EU approaches. A review. Waste Manag 45:152–160 Gomes TS, Neto GR, de Salles ACN, Visconte LLY, Pacheco EBAV (2019) End-of-life tire destination from a life cycle assessment perspective. In: New frontiers on life cycle assessment-theory and application, IntechOpen, London Farina A, Zanetti MC, Santagata E, Blengini GA (2017) Life cycle assessment applied to bituminous mixtures containing recycled materials: crumb rubber and reclaimed asphalt pavement. Resour Conserv Recycl 117:204–212 Xiao F, Amirkhanian SN, Shen J, Putman B (2009) Influences of crumb rubber size and type on reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) mixtures. Constr Build Mater 23(2):1028–1034 Lee SJ, Akisetty CK, Amirkhanian SN (2008) The effect of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) on the performance properties of rubberized binders in HMA pavements. Constr Build Mater 22(7):1368–1376 Jensen W, Abdelrahman M (2006) Use of crumb rubber in performance graded binder, Nebraska Department of Roads, Lincoln, NE, (No. SPR-01 (05) P585) Mohammad LN, Cooper SB Jr, Elseifi MA (2011) Characterization of HMA mixtures containing high reclaimed asphalt pavement content with crumb rubber additives. J Mater Civ Eng 23(11):1560–1568 Bahia HU, Davies R (1994) Effect of crumb rubber modifiers (CRM) on performance-related properties of asphalt binders. Asphalt Paving Technol 63:414–414 Navarro FJ, Partal P, Martınez-Boza F, Gallegos C (2004) Thermo-rheological behaviour and storage stability of ground tire rubber-modified bitumen's. Fuel 83(14–15):2041–2049 Rahman M (2004) Characterization of dry process crumb rubber modified asphalt mixtures, doctoral dissertation, University of Nottingham Shulman VL (2000) Tyre recycling after 2000: status and options. European Tyre Recycling Association, Paris, France American Society for Testing and Materials (1996) D5603-96: classification of the type of ground rubber in terms of maximum particle size, size designation, and grades American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) (2009) ASTM D6114/D61144M: Standard specification for asphalt-rubber binder. West Conshohocken, PA, USA Walsh I, Widyatmoko D (2009) The effect of crumb rubber in hot bitumen. 9th Annual international conference on sustainable aggregates, At Liverpool, UK. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.3012.6168 Plemons C (2013) Evaluation of the effect of crumb rubber properties on the performance of asphalt binder, Doctoral dissertation Memon NA (2011) Characterization of conventional and chemically dispersed crumb rubber modified bitumen and mixtures. Dissertation, University of Nottingham Oliver JW (1981) Modification of paving asphalts by digestion with scrap rubber. ARRB, Transportation Research Board Roberts FL, Kandhal PS, Brown ER, Dunning RL (1989) Investigation and evaluation of ground tire rubber in hot mix asphalt. NCAT Report 89–3 Griest WH, Caton JE (1983) Extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for quantitative analysis. Handb Polycycl Aromat Hydrocarb 1:95–148 Tommy E (2004) Technical and environmental properties of tire shreds focusing on ground engineering applications. Technical report, Lulea University of Technology, SE-917 87 Lulea, pp 53–83 Lisi RD, Park JK, Stier JC (2004) Mitigating nutrient leaching with a sub-surface drainage layer of granulated tires. Waste Manag 24(8):831–839 Xie J, Yang Y, Lv S, Peng X, Zhang Y (2019) Investigation on preparation process and storage stability of modified asphalt binder by grafting activated crumb rubber. Materials 12(12):2014 Bahia HU, Zhai H (1998) A new method for the storage stability test of modified asphalt. Prep Am Chem Soc, Div Fuel Chem 43:1041–1045 Pérez-Lepe A, Martínez-Boza FJ, Gallegos C (2007) High temperature stability of different polymer-modified bitumen's: a rheological evaluation. J Appl Polym Sci 103(2):1166–1174 Presti DL, Airey G, Partal P (2012) Manufacturing terminal and field bitumen-tyre rubber blends: the importance of processing conditions. Procedia-Social Behav Sci 53:485–494 Cao W (2007) Study on properties of recycled tire rubber modified asphalt mixtures using dry process. Constr Build Mater 21(5):1011–1015 Hernández-Olivares F, Witoszek-Schultz B, Alonso-Fernández M, Benito-Moro C (2009) Rubber-modified hot-mix asphalt pavement by dry process. Int J Pavement Eng 10(4):277–288 Zaouai S, Tafraoui A, Makani A, Benmerioul F (2020) Hardened and transfer properties of self-compacting concretes containing pre-coated rubber aggregates with crushed dune sand. J Rubber Res 23(1):5–12 Tortum A, Çelik C, Aydin AC (2005) Determination of the optimum conditions for tire rubber in asphalt concrete. Build Environ 40(11):1492–1504 Zhou H, Holikatti S, Vacura P (2014) Caltrans use of scrap tires in asphalt rubber products: a comprehensive review. J Traffic Transport Eng (English Edition) 1(1):39–48 Caltrans (2006) Asphalt Rubber Usage Guide. S.L.: State of California Department of Transportation, Materials Engineering and Testing Services Crockford WW, Makunike D, Davison RR, Scullion T, Billiter TC (1995) Recycling crumb rubber modified asphalt pavements. Texas Department of Transportation Report Bressi S, Fiorentini N, Huang J, Losa M (2019) crumb rubber modifier in road asphalt pavements: state of the art and statistics. Coatings 9(6):384 Davison RR, Bullin JA, Estakhri CK, Williamson SA, Chipps JF, Chun JS, Billiter TC (2000) A comprehensive laboratory and field study of high-cure crumb-rubber modified asphalt materials (No. FHWA/TX-01/1460-1). Texas Transportation Institute Yang ZF, Li MJ, Wang XD (2005) The history and status of rubber powder used in road-building. J Mater Civ Eng 22(7):19–22 California Department of Transportation, Materials Engineering and Testing Services. Asphalt Rubber Usage Guide. 5900 Folsom Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA, 2003 Ibrahim MR, Katman HY, Karim MR, Koting S, Mashaan NS (2013) A review on the effect of crumb rubber addition to the rheology of crumb rubber modified bitumen. Adv Mater Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/415246 Huang W, Lin P, Tang N, Hu J, Xiao F (2017) Effect of crumb rubber degradation on components distribution and rheological properties of terminal blend rubberized asphalt binder. Constr Build Mater 151:897–906 California's Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (Calrecycle) Technical Assistance and Training. A basic introduction to Rac usage (Rac-101), 2010 Han L, Zheng M, Wang C (2016) Current status and development of terminal blend tyre rubber modified asphalt. Constr Build Mater 128:399–409 Navarro FJ, Partal P, Martınez-Boza F, Gallegos C (2004) Thermo-rheological behaviour and storage stability of ground tire rubber-modified bitumens. Fuel 83(14–15):2041–2049 Mull MA, Stuart K, Yehia A (2002) Fracture resistance characterization of chemically modified crumb rubber asphalt pavement. J Mater Sci 37(3):557–566 Shatanawi KM, Biro S, Geiger A, Amirkhanian SN (2012) Effects of furfural activated crumb rubber on the properties of rubberized asphalt. Constr Build Mater 28(1):96–103 Kocevski S, Yagneswaran S, Xiao F, Punith VS, Smith DW Jr, Amirkhanian S (2012) Surface modified ground rubber tire by grafting acrylic acid for paving applications. Constr Build Mater 34:83–90 Yadollahi G, Mollahosseini HS (2011) Improving the performance of crumb rubber bitumen by means of poly phosphoric acid (PPA) and vestenamer additives. Constr Build Mater 25(7):3108–3116 Cheng G, Shen B, Zhang J (2011) A study on the performance and storage stability of crumb rubber-modified asphalt. Pet Sci Technol 29(2):192–200 Zhou X, Wang F, Yuan X, Kuang M, Song Y, Li C (2015) Usage of slurry oil for the preparation of crumb-rubber-modified asphalt emulsions. Constr Build Mater 76:279–285 Singh B, Kumar L, Gupta M, Chauhan M, Chauhan GS (2013) Effect of activated crumb rubber on the properties of crumb rubber-modified bitumen. J Appl Polym Sci 129(5):2821–2831 Licitra G, Cerchiai M, Teti L, Ascari E, Fredianelli L (2015) Durability and variability of the acoustical performance of rubberized road surfaces. Appl Acoust 94:20–28 Epps JA (1994) Uses of recycled rubber tires in highways; transportation research board, vol 198. National Research Council, Washington, DC, USA Amirkhanian SN (2001) Utilization of crumb rubber in asphaltic concrete mixtures–South Carolina's Experience. See ref 3:163–174 Takallou HB, Hicks RG, Esch DC (1986) Effect of mix ingredients on the behavior of rubber-modified asphalt mixtures. Transp Res Rec: J Transp Res Board 1996:58–80 Heitzman M (1992) Design and construction of asphalt paving materials with crumb rubber modifier. Transp Res Rec: J Transp Res Board 1339:1–8 Li Y, Lyu Y, Xu M, Fan L, Zhang Y (2019) Determination of construction temperatures of crumb rubber modified bitumen mixture based on CRMB mastic. Materials 12(23):3851 Liu S, Cao W, Fang J, Shang S (2009) Variance analysis and performance evaluation of different crumb rubber modified (CRM) asphalt. Constr Build Mater 23(7):2701–2708 Shen J, Amirkhanian S, Xiao F, Tang B (2009) Influence of surface area and size of crumb rubber on high-temperature properties of crumb rubber modified binders. Constr Build Mater 23(1):304–310 Venudharan V, Biligiri KP, Das NC (2018) Investigations on behavioral characteristics of asphalt binder with crumb rubber modification: rheological and thermochemical approach. Constr Build Mater 181:455–464 Olsson E, Jelagin D, Partl MN (2019) New discrete element framework for modelling asphalt compaction. Road Mat Pavement Des 20(sup2):S604–S616 Yousefi Kebria D, Moafimadani SR, Goli Y (2015) Laboratory investigation of the effect of crumb rubber on the characteristics and rheological behaviour of asphalt binder. Road Mater Pavement Des 16(4):946–956 Mohamed AA, Husaini O, Hamzah MO, Ismail H (2009) Rheological properties of crumb rubber-modified bitumen containing antioxidant. Arab J Sci Engi 34(1B) Chen Y, Ji C, Wang H, Su Y (2018) Evaluation of crumb rubber modification and short-term aging on the rutting performance of bio asphalt. Constr Build Mater 193:467–473 Wang H, Dang Z, Li L, You Z (2013) Analysis on fatigue crack growth laws for crumb rubber modified (CRM) asphalt mixture. Constr Build Mater 47:1342–1349 Sitinamaluwa HS, Mampearachchi WK (2014) Development of a polymer-modified bitumen specification based on empirical tests–case study for Sri Lanka. Road Mater Pavement Des 15(3):712–720 Depaolini AR, Bianchi G, Fornai D, Cardelli A, Badalassi M, Cardelli C, Davoli E (2017) Physical and chemical characterization of representative samples of recycled rubber from end-of-life tires. Chemosphere 184:1320–1326 Qian C, Fan W (2020) Evaluation and characterization of properties of crumb rubber/SBS modified asphalt. Mater Chem Phys. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123319