A review of physical growth in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Amaral, 2008, Neuroanatomy of autism, Trends in Neuroscience, 31, 137, 10.1016/j.tins.2007.12.005 American Psychiatric Association, 1980 American Psychiatric Association, 1994 American Psychiatric Association, 2000 American Psychiatric Association, 2013 Anlar, 2007, Urinary epidermal and insulin-like growth factor excretion in autistic children, Neuropediatrics, 38, 151, 10.1055/s-2007-990282 Barnard-Brak, 2010, Macrocephaly in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Pediatric Neurology, 44, 97, 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2010.09.011 Bartholomeusz, 2002, Relationship between head circumference and brain volume in healthy normal toddlers, children, and adults, Neuropediatrics, 33, 239, 10.1055/s-2002-36735 Bishop, 2006, Characteristics of the broader phenotype in Autism: A study of siblings using the Children's Communication Checklist-2, American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 114B, 117, 10.1002/ajmg.b.30267 Brosnan, 2009, Absence of a normal Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) in adolescent males with Asperger Syndrome (AS), Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34, 1095, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.02.011 Canalis, 1996, Mechanisms of glucocorticoid action in bone: Implications to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 81, 3441 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012, Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders – Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 61 Chaste, 2013, Adjusting head circumference for covariates in autism: Clinical correlates of a highly heritable continuous trait, Biological Psychiatry, 74, 576, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.04.018 Chawarska, 2011, Early generalized overgrowth in boys with autism, Archives of General Psychiatry, 68, 1021, 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.106 Chawarska, 2007, Autism Spectrum Disorder in the second year: Stability and change in syndrome expression, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 128, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01685.x Chiu, 2007, Early acceleration of head circumference in children with fragile X syndrome and autism, Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 28, 31, 10.1097/01.DBP.0000257518.60083.2d Clifford, 2007, Autism spectrum phenotype in males and females with fragile X full mutation and premutation, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 738, 10.1007/s10803-006-0205-z Constantino, 2006, Autistic social impairment in the siblings of children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders, American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 294, 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.2.294 Constantino, 2010, Infant head growth in male siblings of children with and without autism spectrum disorders, Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 2, 39, 10.1007/s11689-009-9036-5 Constantino, 2013, Autism recurrence in half siblings: Strong support for genetic mechanisms of transmission in ASD, Molecular Psychiatry, 18, 137, 10.1038/mp.2012.9 Constantino, 2010, Sibling recurrence and the genetic epidemiology of Autism, American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 1349, 10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09101470 Courchesne, 2011, Brain growth across the life span in autism: Age-specific changes in anatomical pathology, Brain Research, 1380, 138, 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.101 Courchesne, 2003, Evidence of brain overgrowth in the first year of life in autism, Journal of American Medical Association, 290, 337, 10.1001/jama.290.3.337 Courchesne, 2001, Unusual brain growth patterns in early life in patients with autistic disorder: An MRI study, Neurology, 57, 245, 10.1212/WNL.57.2.245 Cox, 1999, Autism Spectrum Disorders at 20 and 42 months of age: Stability of clinical and ADI-R diagnosis, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, 719, 10.1111/1469-7610.00488 Daniels, 2011, Stability of initial Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnoses in community settings, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41, 110, 10.1007/s10803-010-1031-x Davids, 1990, Orthopaedic aspects of Fragile X syndrome, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 72, 889, 10.2106/00004623-199072060-00015 Dawson, 2006, Rate of head growth decelerates and symptoms worsen in the second year of life in autism, Biological Psychiatry, 6, 458, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.016 Delany, 1995, Transcriptional repression of insulin-like growth factor I by glucocorticoids in rat bone cells, Endocrinology, 136, 4776, 10.1210/endo.136.11.7588206 Dissanayake, 2006, Growth in stature and head circumference in high-functioning autism and Asperger Disorder during the first 3 years of life, Development and Psychopathology, 18, 381, 10.1017/S0954579406060202 Elder, 2008, Head circumference as an early predictor of autism symptoms in younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1104, 10.1007/s10803-007-0495-9 Farzin, 2006, Autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in boys with the fragile X premutation, Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 27, 137, 10.1097/00004703-200604002-00012 Fehlow, 1985, Neuropsychiatrische Begleitsymptome bei einem Fall von Ehlers-Danlos-Syndrom [On the Ehlers–Danlos syndrome], Psychiatrie, Neurologie, Und Medizinische Psychologie, 37, 215 Fombonne, 2003, Epidemiological surveys of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders: An update, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 365, 10.1023/A:1025054610557 Fries, 2009, The cortisol awakening response (CAR): Facts and future directions, International Journal of Psychophysiology, 72, 67, 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.03.014 Fukumoto, 2008, Growth of head circumference in autistic infants during the first year of life, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 411, 10.1007/s10803-007-0405-1 Gabbitas, 1996, Cortisol inhibits the synthesis of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 in bone cell cultures by transcriptional mechanisms, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271, 9033, 10.1074/jbc.271.15.9033 Gillberg, 2002, Head circumference in autism, Asperger syndrome, and ADHD: A comparative study, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 44, 296, 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2002.tb00814.x Gottesman, 2003, The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: Etymology and strategic intentions, American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 636, 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.4.636 Hagerman, 2002 Hagerman, 1984, Consideration of connective tissue dysfunction in the fragile X syndrome, American Journal of Medical Genetics, 17, 111, 10.1002/ajmg.1320170106 Hallmayer, 2011, Genetic heritability and shared environmental factors among twin pairs with autism, Archives of General Psychiatry, 68, 1095, 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.76 Herault, 1995, Autism and genetics: Clinical approach and association study with two markers of HRAS gene, American Journal of Medical Genetics (Neuropsychiatric Genetics), 60, 276, 10.1002/ajmg.1320600404 Howlin, 2001, Autistic features in Cohen syndrome: A preliminary report, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 43, 692, 10.1017/S0012162201001244 Ingram, 2000, Discovery of allelic variants of HOXA1 and HOXB1: Genetic susceptibility to autism spectrum disorders, Teratology, 62, 393, 10.1002/1096-9926(200012)62:6<393::AID-TERA6>3.0.CO;2-V Iossifov, 2012, De novo gene disruptions in children on the autistic spectrum, Neuron, 74, 285, 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.04.009 Jeste, 2014, Disentangling the heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder through genetic findings, Nature Reviews Neurology, 10, 74, 10.1038/nrneurol.2013.278 Lainhart, 2006, Head circumference and height in autism: A study by the collaborative program of excellence in autism, American Journal of Medical Genetics, 140A, 2257, 10.1002/ajmg.a.31465 Liu, 2014, DAWN: A framework to identify autism genes and subnetworks using gene expression and genetics, Molecular Autism, 5, 22, 10.1186/2040-2392-5-22 Loesch, 1993, Genotype-phenotype relationships in fragile X syndrome: A family study, American Journal of Human Genetics, 53, 1064 Loesch, 2002, Application of robust pedigree analysis in studies of complex genotype–phenotype relationships in fragile X syndrome, American Journal of Medical Genetics, 107, 136, 10.1002/ajmg.10129 Loesch, 2002, Effect of the deficits of fragile X mental retardation protein on cognitive status of fragile X males and females assessed by robust pedigree analysis, Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 23, 416, 10.1097/00004703-200212000-00004 Loesch, 1993, Effect of fragile X on physical and intellectual traits estimated by pedigree analysis, American Journal of Medical Genetics, 46, 415, 10.1002/ajmg.1320460414 Loesch, 1995, Growth in stature in fragile x families: A mixed longitudinal study, American Journal of Medical Genetics, 58, 249, 10.1002/ajmg.1320580311 Loesch, 1993, Effect of the fragile X anomaly on body proportions estimated by pedigree analysis, Clinical Genetics, 44, 82, 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1993.tb03852.x Lord, 1999 Luo, 2012, Genome-wide transcriptome profiling reveals the functional impact of rare de novo and recurrent CNVs in autism spectrum disorders, American Journal of Human Genetics, 91, 38, 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.05.011 Merhar, 2007, Two boys with 47, XXY and autism, Journal of Autism and Development Disorder, 37, 840, 10.1007/s10803-006-0211-1 Miles, 2011, Autism spectrum disorders – A genetics review, Genetics in Medicine, 13, 278, 10.1097/GIM.0b013e3181ff67ba Mills, 2007, Elevated levels of growth-related hormones in Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder, Clinical Endocrinology, 67, 230, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02868.x Mouridsen, 2002, Body mass index in male and female children with infantile autism, Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 6, 197, 10.1177/1362361302006002006 Mraz, 2009, Accelerated head and body growth in infants later diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A comparative study of optimal outcome children, Journal of Child Neurology, 24, 833, 10.1177/0883073808331345 Mraz, 2007, Correlates of head circumference growth in infants later diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Journal of Child Neurology, 22, 700, 10.1177/0883073807304005 Nordahl, 2011, Brain enlargement is associated with regression in preschool-age boys with autism spectrum disorders, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108, 20195, 10.1073/pnas.1107560108 Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, OMIM® Pereira, 2000, Transcriptional regulation of connective tissue growth factor by cortisol in osteoblasts, American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism, 279, 570, 10.1152/ajpendo.2000.279.3.E570 Pereira, 2001, Cortisol inhibits the differentiation and apoptosis of osteoblasts in culture, Bone, 28, 484, 10.1016/S8756-3282(01)00422-7 Persico, 2006, Searching for ways out of the autism maze: Genetic, epigenetic and environmental clues, Trends in Neurosciences, 29, 349, 10.1016/j.tins.2006.05.010 Persico, 2013, Autism genetics, Behavioural Brain Research, 251, 95, 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.06.012 Psychiatry, 2001 Raznahan, 2013, Compared to what? Early brain overgrowth in autism and the perils of population norms, Biological Psychiatry, 74, 563, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.03.022 Redcay, 2005, When is the brain enlarged in autism? A meta-analysis of all brain size reports, Biological Psychiatry, 58, 1, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.03.026 Riikonen, 2006, Cerebrospinal fluid insulin-like growth factors IFG-1 and IFG-2 in infantile autism, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 48, 751, 10.1017/S0012162206001605 Rommelse, 2011, A pilot study of abnormal growth in Autism Spectrum Disorders and other childhood psychiatric disorders, Journal of Autism and Development Disorder, 41, 44, 10.1007/s10803-010-1026-7 Ronemus, 2014, The role of de novo mutations in the genetics of autism spectrum disorders, Nature Reviews. Genetics, 15, 133, 10.1038/nrg3585 Rosenberg, 2009, Characteristics and concordance of Autism Spectrum Disorders among 277 twin pairs, Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 163, 607, 10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.98 Sacco, 2007, Clinical, morphological, and biochemical correlates of head circumference in autism, Biological Psychiatry, 62, 1038, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.04.039 Sasson, 2013, Autism and the broad autism phenotype: Familial patterns and intergenerational transmission, Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 5 Sawada, 2010, Head growth evaluation in early childhood, from the Japan Children's Study, Pediatrics International, 52, 343, 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2009.03002.x Schopler, 1988 Sebat, 2007, Strong association of de novo copy number mutations with autism, Science, 3161, 445, 10.1126/science.1138659 Sieg, 1992, Autism and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 173, 10.1097/00004583-199201000-00034 Sparrow, 1984 Super, 1988, Diagnosing Marfan syndrome, British Medical Journal, 296, 1347, 10.1136/bmj.296.6633.1347 Taniai, 2008 Tantam, 1990, Asperger's syndrome and ligamentous laxity, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 892, 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00008 van Daalen, 2007, Body length and head growth in the first year of life in autism, Pediatric Neurology, 37, 324, 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2007.06.006 Vanhala, 2001, Low levels of insulin-like growth factor-I in cerebrospinal fluid in children with autism, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 43, 614, 10.1017/S0012162201001116 Veenstra-VanderWeele, 2004, Autism as a paradigmatic complex genetic disorder, Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, 5, 379, 10.1146/annurev.genom.5.061903.180050 Vorstman, 2014, Using genetic findings in autism for the development of new pharmaceutical compounds, Psychopharmacology, 231, 1063, 10.1007/s00213-013-3334-z Weaver, 1980, Familial variation of head size and adjustment for parental head circumference, Journal of Pediatrics, 96, 990, 10.1016/S0022-3476(80)80623-8 Webb, 2007, Rate of head circumference growth as a function of autism diagnosis and history of autistic regression, Journal of Child Neurology, 22, 1182, 10.1177/0883073807306263 White, 2009, Big heads, small details and autism, Neuropsychologia, 47, 1274, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.01.012 Whitehouse, 2011, Brief report: A preliminary study of fetal head circumference growth in Autism Spectrum Disorder, Journal of Autism and Development Disorder, 41, 122, 10.1007/s10803-010-1019-6 Whitely, 2004, Body mass index of children from the United Kingdom diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorders, Pediatrics International, 46, 531, 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2004.01946.x Woolfenden, 2012, A systematic review of the diagnostic stability of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6, 345, 10.1016/j.rasd.2011.06.008 World Health Organization, 1978 World Health Organization, 1992 Xiong, 2009, The physical status of children with autism in China, Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30, 70, 10.1016/j.ridd.2007.11.001 Zafeiriou, 2007, Childhood autism and associated comorbidities, Brain & Development, 29, 257, 10.1016/j.braindev.2006.09.003 Zinke, 2010, Children with high-functioning autism show a normal cortisol awakening response (CAR), Psychoneuroendocrinology, 35, 1578, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.03.009 Zwaigenbaum, 2014, Early head growth in infants at risk of autism: A baby siblings research consortium study, Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 10.1016/j.jaac.2014.07.007