A review of nanowire growth promoted by alloys and non-alloying elements with emphasis on Au-assisted III–V nanowires

Kimberly A. Dick1
1Solid State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden

Tài liệu tham khảo

Pawlow, 1909, Z. Phys. Chem., 65, 545, 10.1515/zpch-1909-6532 2002 Shchukin, 2004 Weisbuch, 1991 Willoughby, 1978, Rep. Prog. Phys., 41, 1665, 10.1088/0034-4885/41/10/003 Mårtensson, 2004, Nano Lett., 4, 1987, 10.1021/nl0487267 Milnes, 1993, Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 18, 237, 10.1016/0921-5107(93)90140-I Wang, 2002, J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 14, 9579, 10.1088/0953-8984/14/41/313 Gaiduk, 2000, Phys. Rev. B, 61, 15785, 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.15785 Narayanan, 2000, Phil. Mag. A, 80, 555, 10.1080/01418610008212068 Qadri, 1999, Phys. Rev. B, 60, 9191, 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.9191 Takahashi, 1966, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 5, 657, 10.1143/JJAP.5.657 Adachi, 2005 Pugh, 1986, J. Mater. Res., 1, 343, 10.1557/JMR.1986.0343 1999 Samuelson, 2003, Mater. Today, 6, 22, 10.1016/S1369-7021(03)01026-5 Larsson, 2007, Nanotechnology, 18, 015504, 10.1088/0957-4484/18/1/015504 Li, 2006, Mater. Today, 9, 18, 10.1016/S1369-7021(06)71650-9 Xia, 2003, Adv. Mater, 15, 353, 10.1002/adma.200390087 Ito, 2000, Nature, 406, 1027, 10.1038/35023233 Markov, 1995 Björk, 2002, Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, 1058, 10.1063/1.1447312 Wu, 2002, Nano Lett., 2, 83, 10.1021/nl0156888 Gudiksen, 2002, Nature, 415, 617, 10.1038/415617a Mårtensson, 2003, Nanotechnology, 14, 1255, 10.1088/0957-4484/14/12/004 Mårtensson, 2004, Nano Lett., 4, 699, 10.1021/nl035100s Dick, 2004, Nat. Mater, 3, 380, 10.1038/nmat1133 Wang, 2004, Nano Lett., 4, 871, 10.1021/nl049728u Ohlsson, 2001, Appl. Phys. Lett., 79, 3335, 10.1063/1.1418446 Thelander, 2006, Mater. Today, 9, 28, 10.1016/S1369-7021(06)71651-0 Haraguchi, 1992, Appl. Phys. Lett., 60, 745, 10.1063/1.106556 Tutuc, 2006, Nano Lett., 6, 2070, 10.1021/nl061338f Duan, 2001, Nature, 409, 66, 10.1038/35051047 Cha, 2006, Nanotechnology, 17, 1264, 10.1088/0957-4484/17/5/018 Dayeh, 2007, Small, 3, 326, 10.1002/smll.200600379 Goldberger, 2006, Nano Lett., 6, 973, 10.1021/nl060166j Bryllert, 2006, Electr. Dev. Lett. IEEE, 27, 323, 10.1109/LED.2006.873371 Thelander, 2003, Appl. Phys. Lett., 83, 2052, 10.1063/1.1606889 Björk, 2002, Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, 4458, 10.1063/1.1527995 Thelander, 2005, Nano Lett., 5, 635, 10.1021/nl050006s Guichard, 2006, Nano Lett., 6, 2140, 10.1021/nl061287m Yang, 2006, Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, 203110, 10.1063/1.2372710 Bao, 2006, Nano Lett., 6, 1719, 10.1021/nl061080t Qian, 2005, Nano Lett., 5, 2287, 10.1021/nl051689e Minot, 2007, Nano Lett., 7, 367, 10.1021/nl062483w Duan, 2003, Nature, 421, 241, 10.1038/nature01353 van Vugt, 2006, Nano Lett., 6, 2707, 10.1021/nl0616227 Polyakov, 2006, Adv. Mater, 18, 1812, 10.1002/adma.200600213 Ahn, 2007, Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, 162102, 10.1063/1.2799253 Law, 2005, Nat. Mater, 4, 455, 10.1038/nmat1387 Tian, 2007, Nature, 449, 885, 10.1038/nature06181 Huang, 2006, J. Phys. C: Cond. Matter, 18, L179, 10.1088/0953-8984/18/15/L03 Gao, 2007, Adv. Mater, 19, 67, 10.1002/adma.200601162 Wang, 2006, Nano Lett., 6, 2768, 10.1021/nl061802g Law, 2006, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 41, 2405, 10.1002/1521-3773(20020703)41:13<2405::AID-ANIE2405>3.0.CO;2-3 Chen, 2006, Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, 223512, 10.1063/1.2392828 Adelung, 2004, Nature Mater, 3, 375, 10.1038/nmat1128 Gustafsson, 1995, Appl. Phys. Lett., 67, 3673, 10.1063/1.114923 Trentler, 1995, Science, 270, 1791, 10.1126/science.270.5243.1791 Morales, 1998, Science, 279, 208, 10.1126/science.279.5348.208 Wagner, 1964, Appl. Phys. Lett., 4, 89, 10.1063/1.1753975 Magnusson, 1999, J. Nanoparticle Res., 1, 243, 10.1023/A:1010012802415 Bullis, 1966, Solid State Electron, 9, 143, 10.1016/0038-1101(66)90085-2 Allen, 2008, Nature Nanotech., 3, 168, 10.1038/nnano.2008.5 Nguyen, 2005, Adv. Mater, 17, 1773, 10.1002/adma.200401717 Shi, 2001, Adv. Mater, 8, 591, 10.1002/1521-4095(200104)13:8<591::AID-ADMA591>3.0.CO;2-# Noborisaka, 2005, Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, 213102, 10.1063/1.1935038 Hersee, 2006, Nano Lett., 6, 1808, 10.1021/nl060553t Stringfellow, 1989 Edwards, 1962, Jr. J. Appl. Phys., 33, 943, 10.1063/1.1777195 1990 Nickl, 1971, J. Cryst. Growth, 11, 11, 10.1016/0022-0248(71)90156-4 Givargizov, 1975, J. Cryst. Growth, 31, 20, 10.1016/0022-0248(75)90105-0 Yazawa, 1992, Appl. Phys. Lett., 61, 2051, 10.1063/1.108329 Dubrovskii, 2005, Phys. Rev. B, 71, 205325, 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.205325 Wagner, 1970, 47 Kolasinski, 2006, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci., 10, 182, 10.1016/j.cossms.2007.03.002 B.A. Wacaser, Doctoral Thesis, Lund University, 2007. Panish, 1967, J. Electrochem. Soc., 114, 516, 10.1149/1.2426639 Weizer, 1988, J. Appl. Phys., 64, 4618, 10.1063/1.341240 Tchernycheva, 2006, Nanotechnology, 17, 4025, 10.1088/0957-4484/17/16/005 Schubert, 2004, Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, 4968, 10.1063/1.1762701 Cornet, 2007, Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, 013116, 10.1063/1.2429955 M. Aagesen, E. Johnson, C.B. Sörensen, S.O. Mariager, R. Feidenhans'l, E. Spiecker J. Nygård, P.E. Lindelof, Nat. Nanotech. 2 (2007) 761–764. Geelhaar, 2007, Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, 093113, 10.1063/1.2776979 Iacopi, 2007, Nanotechnology, 18, 505307, 10.1088/0957-4484/18/50/505307 Borgström, 2004, J. Cryst. Growth, 260, 18, 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2003.08.009 Kodambaka, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, 096105, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.096105 Verheijen, 2006, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, 1353, 10.1021/ja057157h Paiano, 2006, J. Appl. Phys., 100, 094305, 10.1063/1.2364603 Persson, 2007, J. Appl. Phys., 101, 034313, 10.1063/1.2435800 Tuan, 2006, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 45, 5184, 10.1002/anie.200601078 Buffat, 1976, Phys. Rev. A, 13, 2287, 10.1103/PhysRevA.13.2287 Dick, 2002, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 2312, 10.1021/ja017281a Persson, 2004, Nature Mater, 3, 677, 10.1038/nmat1220 Kamins, 2001, J. Appl. Phys., 89, 1008, 10.1063/1.1335640 Bootsma, 1971, J. Cryst. Growth, 10, 223, 10.1016/0022-0248(71)90188-6 Dick, 2005, Nano Lett., 5, 761, 10.1021/nl050301c Dick, 2005, Adv. Funct. Mater, 15, 1603, 10.1002/adfm.200500157 Park, 2006, J. Cryst. Growth, 296, 159, 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.08.033 Dick, 2007, Nano Lett., 7, 1817, 10.1021/nl0705900 Joyce, 2007, Nano Lett., 7, 921, 10.1021/nl062755v L.S. Karlsson, K.A. Dick, J.-O. Malm, K. Deppert, L. Samuelson, L.R. Wallenberg, in preparation. Arbiol, 2007, Nanotechnology, 18, 305606, 10.1088/0957-4484/18/30/305606 Yao, 2007, Mater. Lett., 61, 177, 10.1016/j.matlet.2006.04.045 Wang, 2006, Nat. Nanotech, 1, 186, 10.1038/nnano.2006.133 Baron, 2006, Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, 233111, 10.1063/1.2402118 Kamins, 2004, Nano Lett., 4, 503, 10.1021/nl035166n Adhikari, 2006, Nano Lett., 6, 318, 10.1021/nl052231f Tuan, 2005, Nano Lett., 5, 681, 10.1021/nl050099d Tuan, 2005, Chem. Mater, 17, 2705, 10.1021/cm0513031 Wang, 2006, Nanotechnology, 17, 5773, 10.1088/0957-4484/17/23/011 Ohno, 2007, Solid State Commun, 14, 228, 10.1016/j.ssc.2006.10.029 Colli, 2005, Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, 153103, 10.1063/1.1897053 Kirkham, 2007, Nanotechnology, 18, 365304, 10.1088/0957-4484/18/36/365304 Regolin, 2007, J. Appl. Phys., 101, 054318, 10.1063/1.2655442 Wang, 2007, J. Cryst. Growth Soshnikov, 2005, Phys. Solid State, 47, 2213, 10.1134/1.2142881 Kodambaka, 2007, Science, 316, 729, 10.1126/science.1139105 Yu, 2001, Physica E, 9, 305, 10.1016/S1386-9477(00)00202-2 Hanrath, 2003, Adv. Mater, 15, 437, 10.1002/adma.200390101 Zaitseva, 2005, Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, 053105, 10.1063/1.1856695 Mattila, 2007, J. Cryst. Growth, 298, 640, 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.10.084 Mohammed, 2006, J. Chem. Phys., 125, 094705, 10.1063/1.2229195 Novotny, 2005, Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, 203111, 10.1063/1.2131182 Sear, 2007, J. Phys: Condens. Matter, 19, 466106, 10.1088/0953-8984/19/46/466106 Cheyssac, 2006, J. Appl. Phys., 100, 044315, 10.1063/1.2236163 Nebol'sin, 2003, Inorg. Mater, 39, 899, 10.1023/A:1025588601262 Glas, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett., 99, 146101, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.146101 Veresegyhazy, 1986, Vacuum, 36, 547, 10.1016/0042-207X(86)90245-9 Cook, 1966, J. Less-Common Met., 10, 42, 10.1016/0022-5088(66)90044-0 Hiscocks, 1964, Proc. R. Soc. (London), 282, 318, 10.1098/rspa.1964.0235 Elliott, 1981, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 2, 70, 10.1007/BF02873707 Tsai, 1986, J. Mater. Res., 1, 352, 10.1557/JMR.1986.0352 Williams, 1987, J. Metals, 39, A8 Weizer, 1991, J. Appl. Phys., 69, 8253, 10.1063/1.347432 Pecz, 1991, J. Appl. Phys., 70, 332, 10.1063/1.350277 Barcz, 1987, Thin Solid Films, 149, 251, 10.1016/0040-6090(87)90301-4 Barcz, 1993, J. Appl. Phys., 74, 3172, 10.1063/1.354586 Tsai, 1986, J. Mater. Res., 1, 820, 10.1557/JMR.1986.0820 Wada, 1985, J. Appl. Phys., 57, 1901, 10.1063/1.334423 Piotrowska, 1981, J. Appl. Phys., 52, 5112, 10.1063/1.329410 Pecz, 1992, Appl. Phys. Lett., 61, 105, 10.1063/1.107654 Fatemi, 1991, J. Electron. Mater, 20, 875, 10.1007/BF02665977 Fatemi, 1990, J. Appl. Phys., 67, 1934, 10.1063/1.345597 Reep, 1983, J. Electrochem. Soc., 130, 675, 10.1149/1.2119780 Tirtowidjojo, 1988, J. Cryst. Growth, 93, 108, 10.1016/0022-0248(88)90514-3 DenBaars, 1986, J. Cryst. Growth, 77, 188, 10.1016/0022-0248(86)90300-3 Schlyer, 1976, J. Organ. Chem., 114, 9, 10.1016/S0022-328X(00)87346-5 Reep, 1984, J. Electrochem. Soc., 131, 2697, 10.1149/1.2115386 Buchan, 1988, J. Cryst. Growth, 92, 591, 10.1016/0022-0248(88)90044-9 Larsen, 1986, J. Cryst. Growth, 75, 247, 10.1016/0022-0248(86)90034-5 Buchan, 1988, J. Cryst. Growth, 92, 605, 10.1016/0022-0248(88)90045-0 Dick, 2004, J. Cryst. Growth, 272, 131, 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.09.004 Borgström, 2007, Nat. Nanotech, 2, 541, 10.1038/nnano.2007.263 Dick, 2006, J. Cryst. Growth, 297, 326, 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.09.054 Larsen, 1988, Appl. Phys. Lett., 52, 480, 10.1063/1.99450 Dick, 2007, J. Cryst. Growth, 298, 631, 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.10.083 Butler, 1986, J. Cryst. Growth, 77, 163, 10.1016/0022-0248(86)90297-6 Johansson, 2006, Nanotechnology, 17, S355, 10.1088/0957-4484/17/11/S21 Johansson, 2005, J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, 13567, 10.1021/jp051702j Fröberg, 2007, Phys. Rev. B, 76, 153401, 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.153401 Bauer, 2007, J. Cryst. Growth, 298, 625, 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.10.082 Jensen, 2004, Nano Lett., 4, 1961, 10.1021/nl048825k Dubrovskii, 2007, Semiconductors, 41, 1240, 10.1134/S1063782607100211 Sköld, 2005, Nano Lett., 5, 1943, 10.1021/nl051304s Hiruma, 1994, IEEE Trans. Electron., E77, 1420 Ohlsson, 2002, Physica E, 13, 1126, 10.1016/S1386-9477(02)00318-1 Björk, 2002, Nano Lett., 2, 87, 10.1021/nl010099n Borgström, 2006, Nanotechnology, 17, 4010, 10.1088/0957-4484/17/16/002 Svensson, 2005, Nanotechnology, 16, 936, 10.1088/0957-4484/16/6/052 Persson, 2006, Nano Lett., 6, 403, 10.1021/nl052181e Regolin, 2007, Cryst. Growth, 298, 607, 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.10.122 Ertekin, 2005, J. Appl. Phys., 97, 114325, 10.1063/1.1903106 Glas, 2006, Phys. Rev. B, 74, 121302, 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.121302 Mutaftschiev, 1989, Phys. Rev. B, 40, 779, 10.1103/PhysRevB.40.779 Peierls, 1978, Phys. Rev. B, 18, 2013, 10.1103/PhysRevB.18.2013 Paladugu, 2007, Small, 3, 1873, 10.1002/smll.200700222 Wadley, 2001, Prog. Mater. Sci., 46, 329, 10.1016/S0079-6425(00)00009-8