A review of attrition and attrition test methods

1975, Comminution, I. Chem. E. Working Party concerned with the theory and practice of the size reduction of solid materials, 83

Forsythe, 1949, Attrition Characteristics of Fluid Cracking Catalysts, Ind. Eng. Chem., 41, 1200, 10.1021/ie50474a015

Wei, 1977, Catalysts Attrition and Deactivation in Fluid Catalytic Cracking System, Chem. Eng. Sci., 32, 1211, 10.1016/0009-2509(77)80054-7

Ponomareva, 1980, Attrition of Spherical Cracking Catalysts in the Presence of Powdered Lubricants, Kinetics Catalysis, 21, 397

Schwartz, 1973, Spherical Attrition-resistant Support Materials for Gas—Liquid Chromatography, Analyt. Chem., 45, 1280, 10.1021/ac60329a032

Hill, 1977, Radiometric Determination of Platinum and Palladium Attrition from Automotive Catalysts, IEEE Nuclear Science, 24, 2549, 10.1109/TNS.1977.4329254

Stevens, 1977, Size Reduction Problems and Processes in Flour Milling, The Chem. Engineer, 705

Sekiguchi, 1976, Solids Handling and Processing Industry, 8, 49

Nakada, 1978, Solids Handling and Processing Industry, 10, 23

Krycer, 1980, A Comparative Study of Comminution in Rotary and Vibratory Ball Mills, Powder Technol., 27, 137, 10.1016/0032-5910(80)85015-7

Krycer, 1981, Grinding and Granulation in a Vibratory Ball Mill, Powder Technol., 28, 91, 10.1016/0032-5910(81)87015-5

Krycer, 1982, The Role of Intra-Granular Porosity in Powder Compaction, Powder Technol., 33, 101, 10.1016/0032-5910(82)85044-4

Raymond, 1979, Railroad Ballast Load Ranking Classification, J. Geotechnical Eng. Divn. ASCE, 1113

Vaux, 1981, Measurement of Attrition Tendency in Fluidization, AICHE Symp. Series, 205, 107

Vaux, 1980, Attrition in Fluid-Bed Processes, 437

Vaux, 1978, Attrition of Particles in the Bubbling Zone of a Fluidized Bed, Proc. Am. Power Conf., 40, 793

Waldie, 1980, Granulation in Spouted Beds — Attrition and Other Mechanisms, Powder Technol., 27, 163, 10.1016/0032-5910(80)85018-2

Zenz, 1974, Help from Project E-A-R-L, Hydrocarbon Processing, 119

Zenz, 1980, Studies of Attrition Rates in Fluid-Particle Systems via Free Fall, Grid Jets and Cyclone Impact, J. Powder and Bulk Solids Technol., 4, 13

Conti, 1980, Particle Abrasion at High Solids Concentration in Stirred Vessels—II, Chem. Eng. Sci., 35, 543, 10.1016/0009-2509(80)80002-9

Shook, 1978, Breakage Rates of Lignite Particles during Hydraulic Transport, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 56, 448, 10.1002/cjce.5450560403

Karabelas, 1976, Particle Attrition in Shear Flow of Concentrated Slurries, AICHEJ, 22, 765, 10.1002/aic.690220421

Soo, 1980, Design of Pneumatic Conveying Systems, J. Powder and Bulk Solids Technol., 4, 33

Chen, 1982, Attrition and Dehulling of Grains in Pneumatic Conveying, J. Pipelines, 2, 103

Kendall, 1978, The Impossibility of Comminuting Small Particles by Compression, Nature, 272, 710, 10.1038/272710a0

Hutchings, 1977, Strain Rate Effects in Microparticle Impact, J. Phys. D.: Appl. Phys., 10, L197, 10.1088/0022-3727/10/14/001

Bandermann, 1973, Effects of Erosion and Fragmentation on Mass Distribution of Colliding Particles, Monthly Notices Roy. Astronom. Soc., 160, 321, 10.1093/mnras/160.3.321

Krinsley, 1979, Abrasion of Windblown Particles on Mars—Erosion of Quartz and Basaltic Sand Under Simulated Martian Conditions, Icarus, 39, 364, 10.1016/0019-1035(79)90147-7

Blinichev, 1968, An Investigation of the Size Reduction of Granular Materials During Their Processing in Fluidized Beds, Intern. Chem. Eng., 8, 615

Deitz, 1978, A Determination of the Attrition Resistance of Granular Charcoals, 379

Lawn, 1975, 8

Schönert, 1972, Role of Fracture Physics in Understanding Comminution Phenomena, Trans. Soc. Mining Engrs. AIME, 252, 21

Hess, 1981, Brittle-Plastic Transition in Small Particles, Proc. 1981 Powtech Conf Particle Technology, Birmingham, D2/I/1

Schönert, 1962, Die Festigkeit kleiner Glaskugeln, Glastechnische Berichte, 35, 272

Shockey, 1974, Fragmentation of Rock Under Dynamic Loads, Int. J. Rock. Mech. Sci., 11, 303, 10.1016/0148-9062(74)91760-4

Epstein, 1948, Logarithmico-Normal Distribution in Breakage of Solids, Ind. Eng. Chem., 41, 2289, 10.1021/ie50468a014

Broadbent, 1956, Coal Breakage Processes, J. Inst. Fuel, 29, 528

Gwyn, 1969, On the Particle Size Distribution Function and the Attrition of Cracking Catalysts, AIChEJ., 15, 35, 10.1002/aic.690150112

Austin, 1964, The Theory of Grinding Operations, Ind. Eng. Chem., 56, 18, 10.1021/ie50659a004

Austin, 1971, A Review. Introduction to the Mathematical Description of Grinding as a Rate Process, Powder Technol., 5, 1, 10.1016/0032-5910(71)80064-5

Austin, 1972, Solutions of the Batch Grinding Equation Leading to Rosin-Rammler Distribution, Trans. Soc. Mining Engrs. AIME, 252, 87

Austin, 1972, Grinding Equations and the Bond Work Index, Trans. Soc. Mining Engrs. AIME, 252, 259

Austin, 1976, Some Results on the Description of Size Reduction as a Rate Process in Various Mills, Ind. Eng. Chem., 15, 187, 10.1021/i260057a032

Austin, 1970, Note on Influence of Interval Size on the First-Order Hypothesis of Grinding, Powder Technol., 4, 109, 10.1016/0032-5910(71)80011-6

Gotisis, 1985, The Effect of Ball and Mill Diameters on Grinding Rate Parameters in Dry Grinding Operation, Powder Technol., 42, 209

Austin, 1986, Fast and Slow Chipping Fracture and Abrasion in Autogenous Grinding, Powder Technol., 46, 81, 10.1016/0032-5910(86)80102-4

Paramanathan, 1983, Attrition of Solids — I: Cell Development, Chem. Eng. Sci., 38, 197, 10.1016/0009-2509(83)85002-7

Paramanathan, 1983, Attrition of Solids — II: Material Behaviour and Kinetics of Attrition, Chem. Eng. Sci., 38, 207, 10.1016/0009-2509(83)85003-9

Iribarne, 1977, Hypothesis of Particle Fragmentation During Evaporation, Atmos. Environ., 11, 639, 10.1016/0004-6981(77)90118-4

Iribarne, 1977, Hypothesis of Particle Fragmentation During Evaporation, Atmos. Environ., 12, 961, 10.1016/0004-6981(78)90044-6

Lodge, 1978, Hypothesis of Particle Fragmentation during Evaporation, Atmos. Environ., 12, 961, 10.1016/0004-6981(78)90043-4

Hasselmann, 1963, Elastic Energy at Fracture and Surface Energy as Design Criteria for Thermal Shock, J. Am. Ceramic Soc., 46, 535, 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1963.tb14605.x

Thirumalai, 1973, Single Fracture and Fragmentation of Brittle Solids Subjected to Thermal Shock, Indian J. Technol., 11, 419

Chen, 1980, A Model for Attrition in Fluidized Beds, 445

Riley, 1977, In Search of an Easily Measurable Particle Shape Index, J. Powder Bulk Solids Technol., 1, 34

Gupta, 1975, Investigation of Sieving in the Presence of Attrition, Powder Technol., 11, 267, 10.1016/0032-5910(75)80052-0

1971

1970

von Rittinger, 1867, Lehrbuch der Aufbereitungskunde

Kick, 1885, Das Gesetz der Proportionalen Widerstände und Seine Anwendung

Bond, 1952, Third Theory of Comminution, AIME Trans., 193, 484

Lin, 1980, Elutriation and Attrition of Char from a Large Fluidized Bed, Powder Technol., 27, 105, 10.1016/0032-5910(80)85045-5

Geldart, 1983, Interaction of Fine and Coarse Particles in the Freeboard of a Fluidized Bed, Powder Technol., 34, 95, 10.1016/0032-5910(83)87034-X

Kono, 1981, Attrition Rates of Relatively Coarse Solid Particles in Various Types of Fluidized Beds, AIChE Symp. Series, 205, 96

American Cyanamid Company, Test Methods for Synthetic Fluid, Cracking Catalysts: Section 6, Determination of Resistance to Attrition (no date) 43 - 49.

Haase, 1975, Factors Determining the Attrition of Fluid-Bed and Coated Catalysts, 569

1982, Determination of the Fragility of Smelter-Grade Alumina

1982, Determination of Attrition Index; Analysis of Calcined Alumina, 3

1981

Hardgrove, 1932, Grindability of Coal, Trans. ASME, Fuels and Steam Power, 54, 37

Baafi, 1979, Effects on Coal Dust Generation, Int. J. Rock Mech., 16, 107, 10.1016/0148-9062(79)91447-5

Bond, 1961, Crushing and Grinding Calculations, Brit Chem. Eng, 6, 378

Bond, 1961, Crushing and Grinding Calculations, 6, 543

McIntyre, 1980, The Interrelationship between Bond and Hardgrove Grindabilities, CIM Bullitin, 149

Pomeroy, 1957, A Simple Method for the Assessment of Coal Strenght, J. Inst. Fuel, 30, 50

Kerkin, 1977, A Simple Routine Control Drop-Shatter Test, 2, 1381

Berenbaum, 1961, Analysis of the Shatter Breakage of Coal Using a Matrix Method, J. Inst. Fuel, 34, 367

Berenbaum, 1962, Coal Shatter Test II: Matrix Calculations and Repeated Breakage of Assemblies, J. Inst. Fuel, 35, 346

Berenbaum, 1962, Coal Shatter Test III: Variation In Shatter Strenght with Coal Type and Height of Drop, J. Inst. Fuel, 34, 396

Furuya, 1971, Theoretical Analysis of Closed-circuit Grinding System Bases on Comminution Kinetics, Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev., 10, 449, 10.1021/i260040a004

Chujo, 1949, Kagaku Kogaku to Kogaku Kikai (Annual Report of Japan Soc. Chem. Engrs.), 7, 1

Jowett, 1979, A Critical Assessment of Comminution Test Methods, 18.1

Bjorklund, 1968, Small Scale Tests for Attrition Resistance of Solids in Slurry Systems, AIChEJ, 14, 553, 10.1002/aic.690140405

Sekiguchi, 1972, On the Study of Agglomeration Energy and Compressive Characteristics for Damp Powders, J. Chem. Eng. Japan, 5, 69, 10.1252/jcej.5.167

APPIE G001, Measurement Method of Crushing Strenght of Granules, Association of Powder Process Industry and Engineering Japan.

1982

Cairati, 1980, Oxidation of Methanol in a Fluidized Bed:1 ; Catalyst Attrition Resistance and Process Variable Study, Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev., 19, 561, 10.1021/i260076a010

Bass, 1977, Microstructure of Fluidized Cracking Catalyst, J. Mater Sci., 12, 583, 10.1007/BF00540284

Tschebotarioff, 1951

Bridgwater, 1983

Jenike, 1961

Walker, 1967, A Basis for Bunker Design, Powder Technol., 1, 228, 10.1016/0032-5910(67)80041-X

Carr, 1968, An Annular Shear Cell for Granular Materials, Powder Technol., 1, 369, 10.1016/0032-5910(68)80019-1

Peschl, 1977, New Rotational Shear Testing Technique, J. Powder Bulk and Solids Technol., 1, 55

Mandl, 1977, Shear Zones in Granular Material, Rock Mechanics, 9, 95, 10.1007/BF01237876

Neil, 1985, A Test for Bulk Attrition, I. Chem. E. Symp. Series, 91, 213

Rieschel, 1981, Comparison of Different Methods of Quality Testing of Granulated Potash, (in German), 3rd Int. Symp. on Agglomeration Preprints, Nuremberg, A93

Deitz, 1980, 41

APPIE G003, Measurement Method of Drop, Strength of Granules, Association of Powder Process Industry and Engineering, Japan.

1969

Protodyakonov, 1950, Ugol, 25, 20

1976, Attrition Test, 6

Ho, 1979, Asian J. Pharm. Sci., 1, 47

APPIE G002, Measurement Method of Revolutional Strength of Granules, Association of Powder Process Industry and Engineering, Japan.