A review of 4D printing

Tibbits, 2013, The emergence of “4D printing”

Choi, 2015, 4D printing technology: a review, 2, 159

Jacobsen, 2016, Clearing the way for pivotal 21st-century innovation, 163

Tibbits, 2014, 4D printing: multi-material shape change, Archit. Des., 84, 116

Tibbits, 2014

Ge, 2013, Active materials by four-dimension printing, Appl. Phys. Lett., 103, 131901, 10.1063/1.4819837

Pei, 2014, 4D printing: dawn of an emerging technology cycle, Assem. Autom., 34, 310, 10.1108/AA-07-2014-062

Khoo, 2015, 3D printing of smart materials: a review on recent progresses in 4D printing, Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 10, 103, 10.1080/17452759.2015.1097054

Young, 2016

Gladman, 2016, Biomimetic 4D printing, Nat. Mater.

Zhou, 2015, From 3D to 4D printing: approaches and typical applications, J. Mech. Sci. Technol., 29, 4281, 10.1007/s12206-015-0925-0

Raviv, 2014, Active printed materials for complex self-evolving deformations, Sci. Rep., 4, 10.1038/srep07422

Jamal, 2013, Bio-origami hydrogel scaffolds composed of photocrosslinked PEG bilayers, Adv. Healthc. Mater., 2, 1142, 10.1002/adhm.201200458

Ge, 2014, Active origami by 4D printing, Smart Mater. Struct., 23, 094007, 10.1088/0964-1726/23/9/094007

Mao, 2015, Sequential self-folding structures by 3D printed digital shape memory polymers, Sci. Rep., 5, 10.1038/srep13616

Yu, 2015, Digital manufacture of shape changing components, Extreme Mechanics Letters, 4, 9, 10.1016/j.eml.2015.07.005

Wu, 2016, Multi-shape active composites by 3D printing of digital shape memory polymers, Sci. Rep., 6

Zhang, 2016, Smart three-dimensional lightweight structure triggered from a thin composite sheet via 3D printing technique, Sci. Rep., 6

Kuksenok, 2016, Stimuli-responsive behavior of composites integrating thermo-responsive gels with photo-responsive fibers, Mater. Horiz., 3, 53, 10.1039/C5MH00212E

Bakarich, 2015, 4D printing with mechanically robust, thermally actuating hydrogels, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 36, 1211, 10.1002/marc.201500079

Roy, 2010, Future perspectives and recent advances in stimuli-responsive materials, Prog. Polym. Sci., 35, 278, 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.10.008

Stuart, 2010, Emerging applications of stimuli-responsive polymer materials, Nat. Mater., 9, 101, 10.1038/nmat2614

Sun, 2012, Stimulus-responsive shape memory materials: a review, Mater. Des., 33, 577, 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.04.065

Meng, 2013, A review of stimuli-responsive shape memory polymer composites, Polymer, 54, 2199, 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.02.023

Whitesides, 2002, Self-assembly at all scales, Science, 295, 2418, 10.1126/science.1070821

Campbell, 2014, The programmable world, Sci. Am., 311, 60, 10.1038/scientificamerican1114-60

Čolić-Damjanovic, 2016, Potentials of fablabs for biomimetic architectural research, 1

Khademhosseini, 2016, A decade of progress in tissue engineering, Nat. Protoc., 11, 1775, 10.1038/nprot.2016.123

Jung, 2016, Solid organ fabrication: comparison of decellularization to 3D bioprinting, Biomaterials research, 20, 27, 10.1186/s40824-016-0074-2

Zarek, 2016, 4D printing of shape memory-based personalized endoluminal medical devices, Macromol. Rapid Commun.

Taylor, 2016, Self-healing hydrogels, Adv. Mater., 10.1002/adma.201601613

Zhou, 2016, Reversible shape-shifting in polymeric materials, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys., 54, 1365, 10.1002/polb.24014

Sun, 2010, Mechanisms of the multi-shape memory effect and temperature memory effect in shape memory polymers, Soft Matter, 6, 4403, 10.1039/c0sm00236d

Hager, 2015, Shape memory polymers: past, present and future developments, Prog. Polym. Sci., 49, 3, 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.04.002

Xie, 2010, Tunable polymer multi-shape memory effect, Nature, 464, 267, 10.1038/nature08863

Yu, 2012, Mechanisms of multi-shape memory effects and associated energy release in shape memory polymers, Soft Matter, 8, 5687, 10.1039/c2sm25292a

Thérien-Aubin, 2013, Multiple shape transformations of composite hydrogel sheets, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 135, 4834, 10.1021/ja400518c

Li, 2016, Multi-shape memory polymers achieved by the spatio-assembly of 3D printable thermoplastic building blocks, Soft Matter, 12, 3226, 10.1039/C6SM00185H

Ryu, 2012, Photo-origami—bending and folding polymers with light, Appl. Phys. Lett., 100, 161908, 10.1063/1.3700719

Peraza-Hernandez, 2014, Origami-inspired active structures: a synthesis and review, Smart Mater. Struct., 23, 094001, 10.1088/0964-1726/23/9/094001

Liu, 2016, “2D or not 2D”: shape-programming polymer sheets, Prog. Polym. Sci., 52, 79, 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.09.001

Lauff, 2014

Wang, 2014, Phase diagrams of instabilities in compressed film-substrate systems, J. Appl. Mech., 81, 051004, 10.1115/1.4025828

Villar, 2013, A tissue-like printed material, Science, 340, 48, 10.1126/science.1229495

Naficy, 2016, 4D printing of reversible shape morphing hydrogel structures, Macromol. Mater. Eng.

Kokkinis, 2015, Multimaterial magnetically assisted 3D printing of composite materials, Nat. Commun., 6, 10.1038/ncomms9643

Mutlu, 2015, 790

Lee, 2015, Sequential folding using light-activated polystyrene sheet, Sci. Rep., 5

Baker, 2016, 4D sequential actuation: combining ionoprinting and redox chemistry in hydrogels, Smart Mater. Struct., 25, 10.1088/0964-1726/25/10/10LT02

Laflin, 2012, Laser triggered sequential folding of microstructures, Appl. Phys. Lett., 101, 131901, 10.1063/1.4754607

Stoychev, 2013, Hierarchical multi-step folding of polymer bilayers, Adv. Funct. Mater., 23, 2295, 10.1002/adfm.201203245

Felton, 2013, Self-folding with shape memory composites, Soft Matter, 9, 7688, 10.1039/c3sm51003d

Vaezi, 2013, Multiple material additive manufacturing–part 1: a review: this review paper covers a decade of research on multiple material additive manufacturing technologies which can produce complex geometry parts with different materials, Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 8, 19, 10.1080/17452759.2013.778175

Hiller, 2009, Design and analysis of digital materials for physical 3D voxel printing, Rapid Prototyp. J., 15, 137, 10.1108/13552540910943441

Hiller, 2010, Tunable digital material properties for 3D voxel printers, Rapid Prototyp. J., 16, 241, 10.1108/13552541011049252

Popescu, 2006, 58

Myers, 1998, Digital material: a framework for multiscale modeling of defects in solids, 509

Huang, 2016, Ultrafast digital printing toward 4d shape changing materials, Adv. Mater.

Zhou, 2013, Digital material fabrication using mask-image-projection-based stereolithography, Rapid Prototyp. J., 19, 153, 10.1108/13552541311312148

Ge, 2016, Multimaterial 4D printing with tailorable shape memory polymers, Sci. Rep., 6, 10.1038/srep31110

Loh, 2016, Four-dimensional (4D) printing in consumer applications, Polymers for Personal Care Products and Cosmetics, 20, 108, 10.1039/9781782623984-00108

Lewis, 2006, Direct ink writing of 3D functional materials, Adv. Funct. Mater., 16, 2193, 10.1002/adfm.200600434

Gratson, 2005, Phase behavior and rheological properties of polyelectrolyte inks for direct-write assembly, Langmuir, 21, 457, 10.1021/la048228d

Lebel, 2010, Ultraviolet-assisted direct-write fabrication of carbon nanotube/polymer nanocomposite microcoils, Adv. Mater., 22, 592, 10.1002/adma.200902192

Guo, 2013, Solvent-cast three-dimensional printing of multifunctional microsystems, Small, 9, 4118, 10.1002/smll.201300975

Bodaghi, 2016, Self-expanding/shrinking structures by 4D printing, Smart Mater. Struct., 25, 105034, 10.1088/0964-1726/25/10/105034

Drumright, 2000, Polylactic acid technology, Adv. Mater., 12, 1841, 10.1002/1521-4095(200012)12:23<1841::AID-ADMA1841>3.0.CO;2-E

Cock, 2013, Thermal, rheological and microstructural characterisation of commercial biodegradable polyesters, Polym. Test., 32, 716, 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2013.03.015

Le Duigou, 2016, 3D printing of wood fibre biocomposites: from mechanical to actuation functionality, Mater. Des., 96, 106, 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.02.018

Nadgorny, 2016, Three-dimensional printing of pH-responsive and functional polymers on an affordable desktop printer, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8, 28946, 10.1021/acsami.6b07388

Woodruff, 2010, The return of a forgotten polymer—polycaprolactone in the 21st century, Prog. Polym. Sci., 35, 1217, 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.04.002

Schweiger, 2016, Histo-anatomic 3D printing of dental structures, Br. Dent. J., 221, 555, 10.1038/sj.bdj.2016.815

Monzón, 2016, 4D printing: processability and measurement of recovery force in shape memory polymers, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 1

Puranik, 2016, Synthesis and characterization of pH-responsive nanoscale hydrogels for oral delivery of hydrophobic therapeutics, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 108, 196, 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.09.007

Frohm, 2015, A peptide from human semenogelin I self-assembles into a pH-responsive hydrogel, Soft Matter, 11, 414, 10.1039/C4SM01793E

Krogsgaard, 2013, Self-healing mussel-inspired multi-pH-responsive hydrogels, Biomacromolecules, 14, 297, 10.1021/bm301844u

Best, 2013, Mechanics of pH-responsive hydrogel capsules, Langmuir, 29, 9814, 10.1021/la402111v

Gong, 2016, pH- and thermal-responsive multishape memory hydrogel, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8, 27432, 10.1021/acsami.6b09605

Qi, 2010, Thermomechanical behavior and modeling approaches, 65

Tobushi, 1997, Thermomechanical constitutive modeling in shape memory polymer of polyurethane series, J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 8, 711, 10.1177/1045389X9700800808

Kwok, 2015, Four-dimensional printing for freeform surfaces: design optimization of origami and kirigami structures, J. Mech. Des., 137, 111413, 10.1115/1.4031023

Wang, 2017, Single-loop foldable 8R mechanisms with multiple modes, 503, 10.1007/978-3-319-44156-6_51

Orlov, 2007, pH-responsive thin film membranes from poly (2-vinylpyridine): water vapor-induced formation of a microporous structure, Macromolecules, 40, 2086, 10.1021/ma062821f

Kang, 2007, Broad-wavelength-range chemically tunable block-copolymer photonic gels, Nat. Mater., 6, 957, 10.1038/nmat2032

Jiang, 2016, Highly-stretchable 3D-architected mechanical metamaterials, Sci. Rep., 6

Mao, 2016, 2438

Anand, 2009, A thermo-mechanically coupled theory for large deformations of amorphous polymers. Part I: formulation, Int. J. Plast., 25, 1474, 10.1016/j.ijplas.2008.11.004

Yakacki, 2008, Strong, tailored, biocompatible shape-memory polymer networks, Adv. Funct. Mater., 18, 2428, 10.1002/adfm.200701049

Yakacki, 2007, Unconstrained recovery characterization of shape-memory polymer networks for cardiovascular applications, Biomaterials, 28, 2255, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.01.030

Srivastava, 2010, Thermally actuated shape-memory polymers: experiments, theory, and numerical simulations, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 58, 1100, 10.1016/j.jmps.2010.04.004

Wei, 2016, Direct-write fabrication of 4D active shape-changing structures based on a shape memory polymer and its nanocomposite, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

Malachowski, 2014, Stimuli-responsive theragrippers for chemomechanical controlled release, Angew. Chem., 126, 8183, 10.1002/ange.201311047

Truby, 2016, Printing soft matter in three dimensions, Nature, 540, 371, 10.1038/nature21003

Hu, 2012, A review of stimuli-responsive polymers for smart textile applications, Smart Mater. Struct., 21, 053001, 10.1088/0964-1726/21/5/053001

An, 2015, Design and 3D printing of scaffolds and tissues, Engineering, 1, 261, 10.15302/J-ENG-2015061

Gao, 2016, 4D bioprinting for biomedical applications, Trends Biotechnol., 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.03.004

Irvine, 2016, Bioprinting and differentiation of stem cells, Molecules, 21, 1188, 10.3390/molecules21091188

Miao, 2016, 4D printing smart biomedical scaffolds with novel soybean oil epoxidized acrylate, Sci. Rep., 6, 27226, 10.1038/srep27226

Koch, 2016, 1

Carbonell, 2016, Toward 4D nanoprinting with tip-induced organic surface reactions, Acc. Chem. Res.

Labonnote, 2016, Additive construction: state-of-the-art, challenges and opportunities, Autom. Constr., 72, 347, 10.1016/j.autcon.2016.08.026

Khoshnevis, 2004, Automated construction by contour crafting—related robotics and information technologies, Autom. Constr., 13, 5, 10.1016/j.autcon.2003.08.012

Momeni, 2016, Microscopic Approach for Generic Degradation Modeling, International journal of prognostics and health management, 7