A retrospective study of causes of visual impairment and use of low vision devices in the low vision clinic in Trinidad and Tobago

Bourne, 2017, Magnitude, temporal trends, and projections of the global prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Lancet Glob Health, 5, e888, 10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30293-0 Bourne, 2013, Causes of vision loss worldwide, 1990–2010: A systematic analysis, Lancet Glob Health, 1, e339, 10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70113-X Ministry of Planning and Development CSO Bank W Bourne, 2017, Health system dynamics analysis of eyecare services in Trinidad and Tobago and progress towards Vision 2020 Goals, Health Policy Plan, 33, 70 Bahall, 2018, Health services in Trinidad: Throughput, throughput challenges, and the impact of a throughput intervention on overcrowding in a public health institution, BMC Health Serv Res, 18, 10.1186/s12913-018-2931-2 Hyman, 2001, Prevalence and causes of visual impairment in the Barbados eye study, Ophthalmology, 108, 1751, 10.1016/S0161-6420(01)00590-5 Braithwaite, 2017, The national eye survey of Trinidad and Tobago (NESTT): Rationale, objectives and methodology, Ophthalmic Epidemiol, 24, 116, 10.1080/09286586.2016.1259639 Braithwaite, 2019, National Eye Survey of Trinidad and Tobago (NESTT): prevalence, causes and risk factors for presenting vision impairment in adults over 40 years, Br J Ophthalmol Bakkar, 2018, Clinical characteristics and causes of visual impairment in a low vision clinic in northern Jordan, Clin Ophthalmol, 12, 631, 10.2147/OPTH.S153754 Olusanya, 2012, Profile of patients presenting at a low vision clinic in a developing country, BMC Ophthalmol, 12, 31, 10.1186/1471-2415-12-31 Alotaibi, 2015, A retrospective study of causes of low vision in Saud Arabia, a case of eye world medical complex in Riyadh, Glob J Health Sci, 8, 305, 10.5539/gjhs.v8n5p205 Gao, 2015, Baseline traits of patients presenting at a low vision clinic in Shanghai, China, BMC Ophthalmol, 15, 10.1186/s12886-015-0013-3 Joshi, 2008, The Efficacy of Low Vision Devices for Students in Specialized Schools for Students who are Blind in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, JVIB, 102, 430 Stelmack, 2017, Outcomes of the veterans affairs low vision intervention trial II (LOVIT II): A randomized clinical trial, JAMA Ophthalmol, 135, 96, 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.4742 Mason, 1989, National survey of the prevalence and risk factors of Glaucoma in St. Lucia, West Indies: Part I. Prevalence findings, Ophthalmology, 96, 1363, 10.1016/S0161-6420(89)32708-4 Minderhoud, 2015, Blindness and visual impairment in the Republic of Suriname, Ophthalmology, 122, 2147, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.04.033 Chan, 2016, Glaucoma in Asia: regional prevalence variations and future projections, Br J Ophthalmol, 100, 78, 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-306102 Tham, 2014, Global prevalence of Glaucoma and projections of Glaucoma burden through 2040: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Ophthalmology, 121, 2081, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.05.013 Bourne, 2018, Prevalence and causes of vision loss in high-income countries and in Eastern and Central Europe in 2015: Magnitude, temporal trends and projections, Br J Ophthalmol, 102, 575, 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311258 Mohamed, 2007, Management of diabetic retinopathy: A systematic review, JAMA, 298, 902, 10.1001/jama.298.8.902 Sivaprasad, 2012, Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in various ethnic groups: A worldwide perspective, Surv Ophthalmol, 57, 347, 10.1016/j.survophthal.2012.01.004 Poon-King, 1968, Prevalence and natural history of diabetes in Trinidad, Lancet, 291, 155, 10.1016/S0140-6736(68)92559-2 International Diabetes Federation Atlas Sivaprasad, 2012, Ethnic variations in the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in people with diabetes attending screening in the United Kingdom (DRIVE UK), PLoS One, 7 Mahabir, 2005, Changing patterns of primary care for diabetes in Trinidad and Tobago over 10 years, Diabet Med, 22, 619, 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01481.x Office CS McMonnies, 2017, Glaucoma history and risk factors, J Optom, 10, 71, 10.1016/j.optom.2016.02.003 Le, 2003, Risk factors associated with the incidence of open-angle Glaucoma: The visual impairment project, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 44, 3783, 10.1167/iovs.03-0077 Namperumalsamy, 2009, Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: A population-based assessment from Theni District, south India, Br J Ophthalmol, 93, 429 Keel, 2017, Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in Australia: The australian national eye health survey, JAMA Ophthalmol, 135, 1242, 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.4182 Wilde, 2017, Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in an elderly UK Caucasian population-The Bridlington Eye Assessment Project: A cross-sectional study, Eye, 31, 1042, 10.1038/eye.2017.30 Crossland, 2005, Thirty years in an urban low vision clinic: Changes in prescribing habits of low vision practitioners, Optom Vis Sci, 82, 617, 10.1097/01.opx.0000171336.40273.3f Wong, 2014, Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Lancet Glob Health, 2, e106, 10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70145-1 Haddad, 2014, Cataract surgery and its complications in diabetic patients, Semin Ophthalmol, 29, 329, 10.3109/08820538.2014.959197 Binns, 2012, How effective is low vision service provision? A systematic review, Surv Ophthalmol, 57, 34, 10.1016/j.survophthal.2011.06.006 Horowitz, 2005, The effect of rehabilitation on depression among visually disabled older adults, Aging Ment Health, 9, 563, 10.1080/13607860500193500 Leat, 2016, A proposed model for integrated low-vision rehabilitation services in Canada, Optom Vis Sci, 93, 77, 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000750 Pearce, 2011, The efficacy of low vision device training in a hospital-based low vision clinic, Br J Ophthalmol, 95, 105, 10.1136/bjo.2009.175703 Stelmack, 2008, Outcomes of the veterans affairs low vision intervention trial (LOVIT), Arch Ophthalmol, 126, 608, 10.1001/archopht.126.5.608