A retrospective analysis of eleven gene mutations, PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics in non-small cell lung cancer patients

Siegel, 2019, Cancer statistics, 2019, CA Cancer J Clin, 69, 7, 10.3322/caac.21551 Yuan, 2019, The emerging treatment landscape of targeted therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer, Signal Transduct Target Ther, 4, 61, 10.1038/s41392-019-0099-9 Herbst, 2018, The biology and management of non-small cell lung cancer, Nature, 553, 446, 10.1038/nature25183 Fumarola, 2014, Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in non small cell lung cancer, Biochem Pharmacol, 90, 197, 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.05.011 Shen, 2014, Alteration in Mir-21/PTEN expression modulates gefitinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer, PloS One, 9, 10.1371/journal.pone.0103305 Keir, 2008, PD-1 and its ligands in tolerance and immunity, Annu Rev Immunol, 26, 677, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090331 Patel, 2015, PD-L1 expression as a predictive biomarker in cancer immunotherapy, Mol Canc Therapeut, 14, 847, 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-14-0983 Petrelli, 2018, Clinical and molecular predictors of PD-L1 expression in non-small-cell lung cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis, Clin Lung Canc, 19, 315, 10.1016/j.cllc.2018.02.006 Herbst, 2016, Pembrolizumab versus docetaxel for previously treated, PD-L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-010): a randomised controlled trial, Lancet, 387, 1540, 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01281-7 Reck, 2016, Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for PD-L1-positive non-small-cell lung cancer, N Engl J Med, 375, 1823, 10.1056/NEJMoa1606774 Liang, 2019, Association between certain non-small cell lung cancer driver mutations and predictive markers for chemotherapy or programmed death-ligand 1 inhibition, Canc Sci, 110, 2014, 10.1111/cas.14032 Takada, 2016, Clinical significance of PD-L1 protein expression in surgically resected primary lung adenocarcinoma, J Thorac Oncol, 11, 1879, 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.06.006 Cho, 2016, Correlation between EGFR gene mutation, cytologic tumor markers, 18F-FDG uptake in non-small cell lung cancer, BMC Canc, 16, 224, 10.1186/s12885-016-2251-z Feng, 2019, Clinical significance of serum EGFR gene mutation and serum tumor markers in predicting tyrosine kinase inhibitor efficacy in lung adenocarcinoma, Clin Transl Oncol, 21, 1005, 10.1007/s12094-018-02014-6 Sun, 2012, High incidence of EGFR mutations in Korean men smokers with no intratumoral heterogeneity of lung adenocarcinomas: correlation with histologic subtypes, EGFR/TTF-1 expressions, and clinical features, J Thorac Oncol, 7, 323, 10.1097/JTO.0b013e3182381515 Sheikine, 2016, EGFR testing in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, A mini-review. Clin lung cancer, 17, 483 Mazieres, 2019, Immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with advanced lung cancer and oncogenic driver alterations: results from the IMMUNOTARGET registry, Ann Oncol, 30, 1321, 10.1093/annonc/mdz167 Sholl, 2015, Biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma: a decade of progress, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 139, 469, 10.5858/arpa.2014-0128-RA VanderLaan, 2018, Tumor biomarker testing in non-small-cell lung cancer: a decade of change. Lung cancer, 116, 90 Ito, 2020, Positive EGFR mutation status is a risk of recurrence in pN0-1 lung adenocarcinoma when combined with pathological stage and histological subtype: a retrospective multi-center analysis, Lung Canc, 141, 107, 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.01.018 Akinleye, 2019, Immune checkpoint inhibitors of PD-L1 as cancer therapeutics, J Hematol Oncol, 12, 92, 10.1186/s13045-019-0779-5 Li, 2018, Lessons learned from the blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy, J Hematol Oncol, 11, 31, 10.1186/s13045-018-0578-4 Sanmamed, 2018, A paradigm shift in cancer immunotherapy: from enhancement to normalization, Cell, 175, 313, 10.1016/j.cell.2018.09.035 D'Incecco, 2015, PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in molecularly selected non-small-cell lung cancer patients, Br J Canc, 112, 95, 10.1038/bjc.2014.555 Tseng, 2018, Characteristics and predictive value of PD-L1 status in real-world non-small cell lung cancer patients, J Immunother, 41, 292 Akamine, 2018, Association of preoperative serum CRP with PD-L1 expression in 508 patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a comprehensive analysis of systemic inflammatory markers, Surg Oncol, 27, 88, 10.1016/j.suronc.2018.01.002 Jiang, 2017, PD-L1 expression and its relationship with oncogenic drivers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), Oncotarget, 8, 26845, 10.18632/oncotarget.15839 Ng, 2019, Predictive value of oncogenic driver subtype, programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L1) score, and smoking status on the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with oncogene-driven non-small cell lung cancer, Cancer, 125, 1038, 10.1002/cncr.31871 Li, 2020, PD-L1 expression with respect to driver mutations in non-small cell lung cancer in an Asian population: a large study of 1370 cases in China, Ther Adv Med Oncol, 12, 10.1177/1758835920965840 Zhang, 2014, Protein expression of programmed death 1 ligand 1 and ligand 2 independently predict poor prognosis in surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma, OncoTargets Ther, 7, 567, 10.2147/OTT.S59959 Yang, 2014, Programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression in surgically resected stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma and its correlation with driver mutations and clinical outcomes, Eur J Canc, 50, 1361, 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.01.018 Cooper, 2015, PD-L1 expression is a favorable prognostic factor in early stage non-small cell carcinoma, Lung Canc, 89, 181, 10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.05.007 Chang, 2015, PD-L1 is highly expressed in lung lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma: a potential rationale for immunotherapy. Lung cancer, 88, 254 Koh, 2015, Clinicopathologic analysis of programmed cell death-1 and programmed cell death-ligand 1 and 2 expressions in pulmonary adenocarcinoma: comparison with histology and driver oncogenic alteration status, Mod Pathol, 28, 1154, 10.1038/modpathol.2015.63 Yang, 2016, Programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression is associated with a favourable immune microenvironment and better overall survival in stage I pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma, Eur J Canc, 57, 91, 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.12.033 Ameratunga, 2016, PD-L1 and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes as prognostic markers in resected NSCLC, PloS One, 11, 10.1371/journal.pone.0153954 Song, 2016, Programmed death-ligand 1 expression associated with molecular characteristics in surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma, J Transl Med, 14, 188, 10.1186/s12967-016-0943-4 Inamura, 2016, Relationship of tumor PD-L1 expression with EGFR wild-type status and poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma, Jpn J Clin Oncol, 46, 935, 10.1093/jjco/hyw087 Jia, 2018, Driver mutation analysis and PD-L1 expression in synchronous double primary lung cancer, Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol, 26, 246, 10.1097/PAI.0000000000000412 Ji, 2016, PD-1/PD-L1 expression in non-small-cell lung cancer and its correlation with EGFR/KRAS mutations, Canc Biol Ther, 17, 407, 10.1080/15384047.2016.1156256 Huynh, 2016, Programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in resected lung adenocarcinomas: association with immune microenvironment, J Thorac Oncol, 11, 1869, 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.08.134 Tsao, 2017, PD-L1 protein expression assessed by immunohistochemistry is neither prognostic nor predictive of benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in resected non-small cell lung cancer, Ann Oncol, 28, 882, 10.1093/annonc/mdx003 Casadevall, 2017, Heterogeneity of tumor and immune cell PD-L1 expression and lymphocyte counts in surgical NSCLC samples, Clin Lung Canc, 18, 682, 10.1016/j.cllc.2017.04.014 Serra, 2018, Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is associated with RAS/TP53 mutations in lung adenocarcinoma. Lung cancer, 118, 62 Jeanson, 2019, Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), J Thorac Oncol, 14, 1095, 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.01.011 Karatrasoglou, 2020, Association between PD-L1 expression and driver gene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer patients: correlation with clinical data, Virchows Arch, 477, 207, 10.1007/s00428-020-02756-1 Rangachari, 2017, Correlation between classic driver oncogene mutations in EGFR, ALK, or ROS1 and 22C3-PD-L1 ≥50% expression in lung adenocarcinoma, J Thorac Oncol, 12, 878, 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.12.026 Duffy, 2018, Tissue and blood biomarkers in lung cancer: a review, Adv Clin Chem, 86, 1, 10.1016/bs.acc.2018.05.001 Zheng, 2021, Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics associated with PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer: a large-scale, multi-center, real-world study in China, J Canc Res Clin Oncol, 147, 1547, 10.1007/s00432-020-03444-y Sumimoto, 2016, RAS-Mitogen-Activated protein kinase signal is required for enhanced PD-L1 expression in human lung cancers, PloS One, 11, 10.1371/journal.pone.0166626 Chen, 2017, KRAS mutation-induced upregulation of PD-L1 mediates immune escape in human lung adenocarcinoma, Cancer Immunol Immunother, 66, 1175, 10.1007/s00262-017-2005-z Aredo, 2019, Impact of KRAS mutation subtype and concurrent pathogenic mutations on non-small cell lung cancer outcomes, Lung Canc, 133, 144, 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.05.015 Dong, 2017, Potential predictive value of TP53 and KRAS mutation status for response to PD-1 blockade immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma, Clin Canc Res, 23, 3012, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-2554 Shepherd, 2017, Pooled analysis of the prognostic and predictive effects of TP53 comutation status combined with KRAS or EGFR mutation in early-stage resected non-small-cell lung cancer in four trials of adjuvant chemotherapy, J Clin Oncol, 35, 2018, 10.1200/JCO.2016.71.2893 Arbour, 2018, Effects of Co-occurring genomic alterations on outcomes in patients with KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer, Clin Canc Res, 24, 334, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-1841 Rimm, 2017, A prospective, multi-institutional, pathologist-based assessment of 4 immunohistochemistry assays for PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer, JAMA Oncol, 3, 1051, 10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.0013 Ratcliffe, 2017, Agreement between programmed cell death ligand-1 diagnostic assays across multiple protein expression cutoffs in non-small cell lung cancer, Clin Canc Res, 23, 3585, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-2375