A remote sensing surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL). 1. Formulation

Bastiaanssen, W.G.M., 1995. Regionalization of surface flux densities and moisture indicators in composite terrain, Ph.D. thesis, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands, p. 288.

Bastiaanssen, W.G.M., 1998. Remote sensing in water resources management: the state of the art, International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka, p. 118.

Beljaars, 1991, Flux parameterization over land surfaces for atmospheric models, J. of Applied Met., 30, 327, 10.1175/1520-0450(1991)030<0327:FPOLSF>2.0.CO;2

Blyth, 1995, The roughness length for heat of sparse vegetation, J. of Applied Met., 34, 583, 10.1175/1520-0450-34.2.583

Bouman, 1996, The school of de Wit crop growth simulation models: a pedigree and historical overview, Agricultural Systems, 52, 171, 10.1016/0308-521X(96)00011-X

Brutsaert, 1993, Parameterization of surface heat fluxes above forest with satellite thermal sensing and boundary layer soundings, J. of Applied Met., 32, 909, 10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<0909:POSHFA>2.0.CO;2

Carlson, 1995, An overview of the workshop on thermal remote sensing, held at La Londe les Maures, Agr. and Forest Met., 77, 141, 10.1016/0168-1923(95)02258-Y

Chen, 1984, On the relationship between clear sky planetary and surface albedos, J. Atmos. Science, 41, 156, 10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<0156:OTRBCS>2.0.CO;2

Choudhury, 1984, Analysis of an empirical model for soil heat flux under a growing wheat crop for estimating evaporation by an infrared-temperature based energy balance equation, Agr. and Forest Met., 39, 283, 10.1016/0168-1923(87)90021-9

Choudhury, B.J., 1989. Estimating evaporation and carbon assimilation using infrared temperature data. In: Asrar, G. (Eds.), Vistas in modeling, in Theory and Applications of Optical Remote Sensing. Wiley, New York, pp. 628–690.

Choudhury, 1998, A biophysical process-based estimate of global land surface evaporation using satellite and ancillary data, 1 model description and comparison with observations, J. of Hydr., 205, 164, 10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00147-9

Claussen, 1990, Area-averaging of surface fluxes in a neutrally stratified, horizontally inhomogeneous atmospheric boundary layer, Atmospheric Environment, A24, 1349, 10.1016/0960-1686(90)90041-K

Clothier, 1986, Estimation of soil heat flux from net radiation during the growth of alfalfa, Agr. and Forest Met., 37, 319, 10.1016/0168-1923(86)90069-9

Daughtry, 1990, Spectral estimates of net radiation and soil heat flux, Rem. Sens. Envir., 32, 111, 10.1016/0034-4257(90)90012-B

Famigliette, 1994, Application of multiscale water and energy balance models on a tall grass prairi, Water Resources Research, 30, 3079, 10.1029/94WR01499

Fiedler, 1972, The geostrophic drag coefficient and the effective roughness length, Q. J. R. Met. Soc., 98, 213

Gay, L.W., Ch. Bernhofer, 1991. Enhancement of evapotranspiration by advection in arid regions. In: Kienitz et al. (Eds.), Hydrological interactions between atmosphere, soil and vegetatation. Proc. Vienna conference, vol. 204. IAHS Publication, pp. 147–156.

van de Griend, 1992, On the relationship between thermal emissivity and the normalized difference vegetation index for natural surfaces, Int. J. of Rem. Sensing, 14, 1119, 10.1080/01431169308904400

Hall, 1992, Satellite remote sensing of surface energy balance: success failures and unresolved issues in FIFE, J. of Geophysical Research 97, D17, 19061, 10.1029/92JD02189

Holtslag, 1983, A simple-scheme for daytime estimates of the surface fluxes from routine weather data, J. of Climate and applied Met., 22, 517, 10.1175/1520-0450(1983)022<0517:ASSFDE>2.0.CO;2

Jackson, 1977, Wheat canopy temperatures: A practical tool for evaluating water requirements, Water Res. Res, 13, 651, 10.1029/WR013i003p00651

Kalma, 1990, Estimating evaporation from pasture using infrared thermometry: evaluation of a one-layer resistance model, Agr. and Forest Meteorology, 51, 223, 10.1016/0168-1923(90)90110-R

Kite, 1994, Simulation of streamflow in a macroscale watershed using general circulation model data, Water Resources Research, 30, 1547, 10.1029/94WR00231

Koepke, 1985, The effect of surface reflection and of atmospheric parameters on the shortwave radiation budget, Adv. Space Research, 5, 351, 10.1016/0273-1177(85)90340-0

Kustas, 1989, Determination of sensible heat flux over sparse canopy using thermal infrared data, Agr. and Forest Met., 44, 197, 10.1016/0168-1923(89)90017-8

Kustas, 1990, Estimation of the soil heat flux/net radiation ratio from spectral data, Agr. Forest Met., 49, 205, 10.1016/0168-1923(90)90033-3

Kustas, 1996, Use of remote sensing for evapotranspiration monitoring over land surfaces, J of Hydrological Sciences, 41, 495, 10.1080/02626669609491522

Lettau, 1969, Note on aerodynamic roughness-parameter estimation on the basis of roughness element description, J. of Applied Meteorology, 8, 828, 10.1175/1520-0450(1969)008<0828:NOARPE>2.0.CO;2

Lhomme, 1994, Estimating sensible heat flux from radiometric temperature over sparse millet, Agr. and Forest Met., 68, 77, 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90070-1

McNaughton, 1976, Evaporation and advection II. Evaporation downwind of a boundary separating regions having different surface resistances and available energies, Q. J. R. Met. Soc., 102, 193, 10.1002/qj.49710243116

Menenti, 1989, Abd El Karim, M.H., Linear relationships between surface reflectance and temperature and their application to map actual evaporation of groundwater, Advances in Space Research, 9, 165, 10.1016/0273-1177(89)90482-1

Menenti, 1993, Understanding land surface evapotranspiration with satellite multispectral measurements, Adv. in Space Research COSPAR, 13, 89, 10.1016/0273-1177(93)90533-H

Moran, M.S., 1990. A satellite-based approach for evaluation of the spatial distribution of evapotranspiration from agricultural lands. Ph.D. thesis, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.

Moran, 1991, Assessing the spatial distribution of evapotranspiration using remotely sensed inputs, J. Envirnm. Qual., 20, 525

Moran, 1997, The scaling characteristics of remotely-sensed variables for sparsely-vegetated heterogeneous landscapes, J. of Hydr., 190, 337, 10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03133-2

Nemani, 1993, Developing satellite-derived estimates of surface moisture stress, J. Applied Met., 32, 548, 10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<0548:DSDEOS>2.0.CO;2

Nieuwenhuis, 1985, Estimation of regional evapotranspiration of arable crops from thermal infrared images, Int. J. of Remote Sensing, 6, 1319, 10.1080/01431168508948282

Noilhan, 1995, GCM gridscale evaporation from macroscale modeling, J. of Climate, 8, 206, 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<0206:GGSEFM>2.0.CO;2

Norman, 1995, Terminology in thermal infrared remote sensing of natural surfaces, Agr. and Forest Meteorology, 77, 153, 10.1016/0168-1923(95)02259-Z

Van Oevelen, P.J., 1991. Determination of the available energy for evapotranspiration with remote sensing, M.Sc. Thesis, Agricultural University of Wageningen, p. 68.

Pelgrum, 1996, An intercomparison of techniques to determine the area-averaged latent heat flux from individual in situ observations: A remote sensing approach using EFEDA data, Water Resources Research, 32, 2775, 10.1029/96WR01396

Prevot, L, Brunet, Y., Pawll, K.T., Seguin, B., 1994. Canopy modelling for estimating sensible heat flux from thermal infrared measurements, Proc. Workshop on thermal remote sensing, La Londe les Maures, France, pp. 17-22.

Raupach, 1994, Simplified expressions for vegetation roughness length and zero-plane displacement as functions of canopy height and area index, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 71, 211, 10.1007/BF00709229

Rosema, 1990, Meteosat-based evapotranspiration and thermal inertia mapping for monitoring transgression in the Lake Chad region and Niger Delta, Int. J. of Rem. Sens., 11, 741, 10.1080/01431169008955054

Schmugge, Becker, 1991. Remote sensing observations for the monitoring of land surface fluxes and water budgets. In Schmugge and Andre (Eds.), Land surface evaporation, measurement and parameterization, pp. 337-347.

Seguin, 1989, Use of meteorological satellites for water balance monitoring in Sahelian regions, Int. J. of Rem. Sens., 10, 1101, 10.1080/01431168908903948

Sellers, 1996, A revised land surface parameterization (SiB2) for atmospheric GCMs part 1: model formulation, J. of Climate, 9, 676, 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<0676:ARLSPF>2.0.CO;2

Shuttleworth, 1988, Macrohydrology the new challenges for process hydrology, J. of Hydr., 100, 31, 10.1016/0022-1694(88)90180-1

Sucksdorff, 1990, Application of satellite remote sensing to estimate areal evapotranspiration over a watershed, J. of Hydr., 121, 321, 10.1016/0022-1694(90)90238-S

Sugita, 1990, Regional surface fluxes from remotely sensed skin temperature and lower boundary layer measurements, Water Resources Research, 26, 2937, 10.1029/WR026i012p02937

Taconet, 1986, Evapotranspiration over an agricultural region using a surface flux temperature model based on NOAA-AVHRR data, J. of Climate and Applied Met., 25, 284, 10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<0284:EOAARU>2.0.CO;2

Taylor, 1997, A meso scale simulation of land surface heterogeneity from HAPEX-Sahel, J. of Hydr., 188/189, 1040, 10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03182-4

Troufleau, 1997, Sensible heat flux and radiometric surface temperature over sparse Sahelian vegetation I. An experimental analysis of the kB-1 parameter, J. of Hydr., 188/189, 815, 10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03172-1

Wang, 1995, The scaling-up of processes in the heterogeneous landscape of HEIFE with the aid of satellite remote sensing, J. Met. Soc. of Japan, 73, 1235, 10.2151/jmsj1965.73.6_1235

Wang, J., Bastiaanssen, W.G.M., Ma, Y., Menenti, M., 1998. Aggregation of land surface parameters in the oasis-desert systems of Northwest China, Hydrological Processes (accepted BAHC and LUCC special issue).

Franks and Beven (1997)