Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Một mô hình tinh chỉnh cho cân bằng năng lượng toàn cầu của Trái Đất
Tóm tắt
Một mô hình phổ biến về cân bằng bức xạ toàn cầu giả định rằng phản ứng bức xạ với lực tác động, R, tỷ lệ thuận với nhiệt độ không khí bề mặt toàn cầu T, $$R=\lambda T$$. Các nghiên cứu trước đây đã chỉ ra hai vấn đề chưa được giải quyết với mô hình này: đầu tiên, tham số phản hồi $$\lambda$$ phụ thuộc vào tác nhân lực; thứ hai, $$\lambda$$ thay đổi theo thời gian. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi điều tra các yếu tố điều khiển R trong hai mô hình khí quyển - đại dương bề mặt chịu tác động của một loạt lực tác động khí hậu đột ngột. Kết quả cho thấy R không chỉ tỷ lệ với T, mà còn với độ ổn định quy mô lớn của tầng đối lưu S (được định nghĩa ở đây là sức mạnh nghịch nhiệt dự kiến trung bình trên các khu vực đại dương phía nam 50 $$^\circ {}$$). S dương thúc đẩy R âm, chủ yếu thông qua sự thay đổi của mây sóng ngắn và tỷ lệ giảm nhiệt độ. Một mô hình tinh chỉnh về cân bằng năng lượng toàn cầu được đề xuất, tính đến cả hiệu ứng nhiệt độ và độ ổn định. Mô hình tinh chỉnh này giải thích một cách định lượng (1) sự phụ thuộc của các phản hồi khí hậu vào tác nhân lực (hay tương đương, những khác biệt về hiệu quả lực), và (2) sự tiến triển theo thời gian của các phản hồi trong các thí nghiệm mô hình khí hậu liên kết. Hơn nữa, một mối quan hệ tương tự giữa R và S được phát hiện trong các quan sát so với mô hình, cung cấp sự tự tin rằng mô hình cân bằng năng lượng tinh chỉnh có thể áp dụng cho thế giới thực.
Từ khóa
#Phản hồi khí hậu #mô hình khí hậu #cân bằng năng lượng toàn cầu #độ ổn định tầng đối lưu #lực tác động khí hậu.Tài liệu tham khảo
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