A quarter-century of satellite polar mesospheric cloud observations
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Akmaev, 2000, A model estimate of cooling in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere due to CO2 increase over the last 3–4 decades, Geophysical Research Letters, 27, 2113, 10.1029/1999GL011333
Alfred, 2001, An analysis of polar mesospheric cloud observations from the POAM II and POAM III instruments in the Southern Hemisphere, EOS Transactions, AGU, 82, S284
Bailey, 2005, Observations of polar mesospheric clouds by the Student Nitric Oxide Explorer, Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, D13203, 10.1029/2004JD005422
Barth, 1983, Solar mesosphere explorer: scientific objectives and results, Geophysical Research Letters, 10, 237, 10.1029/GL010i004p00237
Barth, 2003, Global observations of nitric oxide in the thermosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 1027, 10.1029/2002JA009458
Beig, 2003, Review of mesospheric temperature trends, Reviews of Geophysics, 41, 1015, 10.1029/2002RG000121
Burton, S.P., Thomason, L.W., 2000. Polar mesospheric clouds in SAGE II Version 6.0 data. In: Proceedings of the Quadrennial Ozone Symposium, Sapporo, Japan. International Ozone Commission, 325–326.
Carbary, 1999, Altitudes of polar mesospheric clouds observed by a middle ultraviolet imager, Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 10,089, 10.1029/1999JA900088
Carbary, 2001, Hemispheric comparison of PMC altitudes, Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 725, 10.1029/2000GL012388
Carbary, 2004, Evidence for bimodal particle distribution from the spectra of polar mesospheric clouds, Geophysical Research Letters, 31, L13108, 10.1029/2004GL020101
Chandra, 1997, The seasonal and long term changes in mesospheric water vapor, Geophysical Research Letters, 24, 639, 10.1029/97GL00546
Chu, 2001, Lidar observations of polar mesospheric clouds at the South Pole: diurnal variations, Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 1937, 10.1029/2000GL012525
Debrestian, 1997, An analysis of POAM II solar occultation observations of polar mesospheric clouds in the Southern Hemisphere, Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 1971, 10.1029/96JD01916
Debrestian, 1997, POAM II observations of polar mesospheric clouds in the Southern Hemisphere, Advances in Space Research, 19, 587, 10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00178-6
DeLand, 2001, Observations of “hysteresis” in backscattered ultraviolet ozone data, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 18, 914, 10.1175/1520-0426(2001)018<0914:OOHIBU>2.0.CO;2
DeLand, 2003, Solar backscattered ultraviolet (SBUV) observations of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) over two solar cycles, Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 8445, 10.1029/2002JD002398
DeLand, M.T., Shettle, E.P., Thomas, G.E., Olivero, J.J., 2005a. Spectral measurements of PMCs from SBUV/2 instruments. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, this issue, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2005.08.006.
DeLand, M.T., Shettle, E.P., Thomas, G.E., Olivero, J.J., 2005b. Latitude-dependent multi-decadal variations in polar mesospheric clouds. Geophysical Research Letters, submitted.
Donahue, 1972, Noctilucent clouds in daytime: circumpolar particulate layers near the summer mesopause, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 30, 515, 10.1175/1520-0469(1973)030<0515:TAOTSL>2.0.CO;2
Evans, 1995, Observation of polar mesospheric clouds in summer, 1993 by the WINDII instrument on UARS, Geophysical Research Letters, 22, 2793, 10.1029/95GL03018
Fiedler, 2003, Noctilucent clouds above ALOMAR between 1997 and 2001: occurrence and properties, Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 8453, 10.1029/2002JD002419
Fleming, 1995, The middle atmospheric response to short and long term solar UV variations: analysis of observations and 2D model results, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 57, 333, 10.1016/0021-9169(94)E0013-D
Fogle, 1973, Long term variations in noctilucent cloud activity and their possible cause, 263
French, 2004, The influence of large-scale oscillations on long-term trend assessment in hydroxyl temperatures over Davis, Antarctica, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 66, 493, 10.1016/j.jastp.2004.01.027
Gadsden, 1998, The North-West Europe data on noctilucent clouds: a survey, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 60, 1163, 10.1016/S1364-6826(98)00072-8
Gadsden, 2000, Polar mesospheric clouds seen from geostationary orbit, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 62, 31, 10.1016/S1364-6826(99)00099-1
Gadsden, M., 2002. Statistics of the annual counts of nights on which NLCs were seen. In: Gadsden, M., James, N.D. (Eds.), Memoirs of the British Astronomical Association, vol. 45, Mesospheric Clouds 2002. Presented at the Meeting in Perth, Scotland.
Gadsden, 1989
Garcia, 1989, Dynamics, radiation, and photochemistry in the mesosphere: implications for the formation of noctilucent clouds, Journal of Geophysical Research, 94, 14,605, 10.1029/JD094iD12p14605
Gavine, D., 2002. Noctilucent clouds: the amateur contribution. In: Gadsden, M., James, N.D. (Eds.), Memoirs of the British Astronomical Association, vol. 45, Mesospheric Clouds 2002. Presented at the Meeting in Perth, Scotland.
Gelinas, 2005, Mesospheric charged dust layer: implications for neutral chemistry, Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, A01310, 10.1029/2004JA010503
Gerrard, 2004, Concerning the upper stratospheric gravity wave and mesospheric cloud relationship over Sondrestrom, Greenland, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 66, 229, 10.1016/j.jastp.2003.12.005
Glaccum, 1996, The Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM II) instrument, Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 14,479, 10.1029/96JD00576
Goldberg, 2001, DROPPS: a study of the polar summer mesosphere with rocket, radar and lidar, Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 1407, 10.1029/2000GL012415
Golitsyn, 1996, Long-term temperature trends in the middle and upper atmosphere, Geophysical Research Letters, 23, 1741, 10.1029/96GL01592
Gruzdev, 2005, Long-term changes in the mesosphere calculated by a two-dimensional model, Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, D03304, 10.1029/2003JD004410
Hernandez, 2003, Climatology of the upper mesosphere temperature above South Pole (90°S): mesospheric cooling during 2002, Geophysical Research Letters, 30, 1535, 10.1029/2003GL016887
Hervig, M., Siskind, D., 2005. Decadal and inter-hemispheric variability in polar mesospheric clouds, water vapor, and temperature. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, this issue, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2005.08.010.
Hervig, 2001, First confirmation that water ice is the primary component of polar mesospheric clouds, Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 971, 10.1029/2000GL012104
Hervig, 2003, Water vapor enhancement in the polar summer mesosphere and its relationship to polar mesospheric clouds, Geophysical Research Letters, 30, 2041, 10.1029/2003GL018089
Huang, 1993, Effect of long-term solar variability in a two-dimensional interactive model of the middle atmosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 20,413, 10.1029/93JD02187
Hunten, 1980, Smoke and dust particles of meteoric origin in the mesosphere and stratosphere, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 37, 1342, 10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<1342:SADPOM>2.0.CO;2
Jensen, 1989, On the diurnal variation of noctilucent clouds, Journal of Geophysical Research, 94, 14,693, 10.1029/JD094iD12p14693
Joiner, 1996, Temporal and spatial variations in upper atmospheric Mg+, Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 5239, 10.1029/95JA03517
Kalashnikova, 2000, Meteoric smoke production in the atmosphere, Geophysical Research Letters, 27, 3293, 10.1029/1999GL011338
Khosravi, 2002, Response of the mesosphere to human-induced perturbations and solar variability calculated by a 2-D model, Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 4358, 10.1029/2001JD001235
Kirkwood, 2003, Influence of planetary waves on noctilucent cloud occurrence over NW Europe, Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 8440, 10.1029/2002JD002356
Kirkwood, 2002, Noctilucent clouds, PMSE and 5-day planetary waves: a case study, Geophysical Research Letters, 29, 1411, 10.1029/2001GL014022
Klostermeyer, 2001, Effect of tidal variability on the mean diurnal variation of noctilucent clouds, Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 9749, 10.1029/2000JD900838
Klostermeyer, 2002, Noctilucent clouds getting brighter, Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 4195, 10.1029/2001JD001345
Llewellyn, 2004, The OSIRIS instrument on the Odin spacecraft, Canadian Journal of Physics, 82, 411, 10.1139/p04-005
Lübken, 2000, Nearly zero temperature trend in the polar summer mesosphere, Geophysical Research Letters, 27, 3603, 10.1029/2000GL011893
Lübken, 2004, Temperatures, polar mesospheric summer echoes, and noctilucent clouds over Spitsbergen (78°N), Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, D11203, 10.1029/2003JD004247
Lucke, 1999, The Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM III) instrument and early validation results, Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 18,785, 10.1029/1999JD900235
Marsh, 2003, Mesospheric ozone responses to changes in water vapor, Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 4109, 10.1029/2002JD002705
Mauldin, 1985, Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II instrument: a functional description, Optical Engineering, 24, 307
McHugh, 2003, Improved mesospheric temperature, water vapor, and polar mesospheric cloud extinctions from HALOE, Geophysical Research Letters, 30, 1440, 10.1029/2002GL016859
Meier, 1991, Ultraviolet spectroscopy and remote sensing of the upper atmosphere, Space Science Reviews, 58, 1, 10.1007/BF01206000
Merkel, 2003, Observations of the 5-day planetary wave in PMC measurements from the Student Nitric Oxide Explorer satellite, Geophysical Research Letters, 30, 1196, 10.1029/2002GL016524
Murray, 2003, The uptake of atomic oxygen on ice films: implications for noctilucent clouds, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 5, 4129, 10.1039/b305555h
Nedoluha, 2003, An evaluation of trends in middle atmospheric water vapor as measured by HALOE, WVMS, and POAM, Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 4391, 10.1029/2002JD003332
Offermann, 2004, Middle atmosphere temperature changes and the duration of summer, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 66, 437, 10.1016/j.jastp.2004.01.028
Olivero, 1986, Climatology of polar mesospheric clouds, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 43, 1263, 10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<1263:COPMC>2.0.CO;2
Olivero, 2001, Evidence for changes in greenhouse gases in the mesosphere, Advances in Space Research, 28, 931, 10.1016/S0273-1177(01)80020-X
Oltmans, 2000, The increase in stratospheric water vapor from balloonborne, frostpoint hygrometer measurements at Washington, DC, and Boulder, Colorado, Geophysical Research Letters, 27, 3453, 10.1029/2000GL012133
O’Neil, R.R., Richards, E.N., Humphrey, C.H., Stair, A.T., Gardner, M.E., 2001. MSX: infrared emission from polar mesospheric clouds. EOS Transactions, AGU 82 (Spring Meeting Suppl.), Abstract SA31B-11.
Petalina, S.V., Llewellyn, E.J., Degenstein, D.A., Lloyd, N.D., 2005a. Odin/OSIRIS limb observations of polar mesospheric clouds in 2001–2003. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, this issue, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2005.08.004.
Petalina, S.V., Llewellyn, E.J., Degenstein, D.A., Lloyd, N.D., 2005b. Correlation of PMC relative brightness and altitudes observed by Odin/OSIRIS in the Northern Hemisphere in 2002–2003. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, this issue, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2005.08.005.
Portmann, 1995, The importance of dynamical feedbacks on doubled CO2-induced changes in the thermal structure of the mesosphere, Geophysical Research Letters, 22, 1733, 10.1029/95GL01432
Randel, 2004, Interannual changes of stratospheric water vapor and correlations with tropical tropopause temperatures, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 61, 2133, 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<2133:ICOSWV>2.0.CO;2
Rapp, 2003, On the nature of PMSE: electron diffusion in the vicinity of charged particles revisited, Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 8437, 10.1029/2002JD002857
Remsberg, 2002, Seasonal and longer-term variations in middle atmosphere temperature from HALOE on UARS, Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 4411, 10.1029/2001JD001366
Roble, 1989, How will changes in carbon dioxide and methane modify the mean structure of the mesosphere and thermosphere?, Geophysical Research Letters, 16, 1441, 10.1029/GL016i012p01441
Romejko, 2003, Forty years of noctilucent cloud observations near Moscow: database and simple statistics, Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 8443, 10.1029/2002JD002364
Rosenlof, 2001, Stratospheric water vapor increases over the past half-century, Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 1195, 10.1029/2000GL012502
Rottman, G., Floyd, L., Viereck, R., 2004. Measurements of the solar ultraviolet irradiance. In: Pap, J.M., Fox, P. (Eds.), Solar Variability and its Effects on Climate. Geophysical Monograph, AGU 141, 111–125.
Rusch, 1991, Particle size distributions in polar mesospheric clouds derived from Solar Mesospheric Explorer measurements, Journal of Geophysical Research, 96, 12,933, 10.1029/91JD01227
Russell, 1993, Halogen Occultation Experiment, Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 10,777, 10.1029/93JD00799
Seele, 1999, Water vapor of the polar middle atmosphere: annual variation and summer mesosphere conditions as observed by ground-based microwave spectroscopy, Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 1517, 10.1029/1999GL900315
Shepherd, 1993, WINDII, the Wind Imaging Interferometer on the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite, Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 10,725, 10.1029/93JD00227
Shepherd, 2004, Global variability of mesospheric temperature: mean temperature field, Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, D24117, 10.1029/2004JD005054
Shettle, 2002, Three-satellite comparison of polar mesospheric clouds: evidence for long-term change, Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 10.1029/2001JD000668
Shettle, 2002, SAGE II measurements of polar mesospheric clouds
Siskind, 2003, Hemispheric differences in the temperature of the summertime stratosphere and mesosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 4051, 10.1029/2002JD002095
Siskind, 2005, A model study of global variability in mesospheric cloudiness, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 67, 501, 10.1016/j.jastp.2004.11.007
Smiley, B., Rapp, M., Blix, T.A., Robertson, S., Horányi, M., Latteck, R., Fiedler, J., 2005. The charge and size distribution of mesospheric aerosol particles measured inside NLC and PMSE during MIDAS MacWAVE 2002. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, this issue, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2005.08.009.
Sonnemann, 2005, Solar influence on mesospheric water vapor with impact on NLCs, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 67, 177, 10.1016/j.jastp.2004.07.026
Stevens, 2001, PMCs and the water frost point in the Arctic summer mesosphere, Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 4449, 10.1029/2001GL013598
Stevens, 2003, Polar mesospheric clouds formed from space shuttle exhaust, Geophysical Research Letters, 30, 1546, 10.1029/2003GL017249
Stevens, 2005, The polar mesospheric cloud mass in the Arctic summer, Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, A02306, 10.1029/2004JA010566
Thayer, 2003, Gravity wave influences on Arctic mesospheric clouds as determined by a Rayleigh lidar at Sondrestrom, Greenland, Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 8449, 10.1029/2002JD002363
Thomas, 1984, Solar mesosphere explorer measurements of polar mesospheric clouds (noctilucent clouds), Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 46, 819, 10.1016/0021-9169(84)90062-X
Thomas, 1991, Mesospheric clouds and the physics of the mesopause region, Reviews of Geophysics, 29, 553, 10.1029/91RG01604
Thomas, G.E., 1995. Climatology of polar mesospheric clouds: interannual variability and implications for long-term trends. In: Johnson, R.M., Killeen, T.L. (Eds.), The Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere: a Review of Experiment and Theory. Geophysical Monograph, AGU 87, 185–200.
Thomas, 1996, Global change in the mesosphere-lower thermosphere region: has it already arrived?, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 58, 1629, 10.1016/0021-9169(96)00008-6
Thomas, 2003, Are noctilucent clouds harbingers of global change in the middle atmosphere?, Advances in Space Research, 32, 1737, 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)90470-4
Thomas, 1985, On the mean particle size and water content of polar mesospheric clouds, Planetary and Space Science, 33, 1209, 10.1016/0032-0633(85)90077-7
Thomas, 1989, Climatology of polar mesospheric clouds, 2. Further analysis of Solar Mesospheric Explorer data, Journal of Geophysical Research, 94, 14,673, 10.1029/JD094iD12p14673
Thomas, 2001, Noctilucent clouds as possible indicators of global change in the mesosphere, Advances in Space Research, 28, 937, 10.1016/S0273-1177(01)80021-1
Thomas, 1989, Relation between increasing methane and the presence of ice at the mesopause, Nature, 338, 490, 10.1038/338490a0
Thomas, 1991, Satellite observations of polar mesospheric clouds by the solar backscattered ultraviolet radiometer: evidence of a solar cycle dependence, Journal of Geophysical Research, 96, 927, 10.1029/90JD02312
Thomas, 2000, Polar mesospheric cloud climatology: an improved data base from the SME satellite mission (1981–1986), EOS Transactions, AGU, 81, S336
Thomas, 2003, Comment on “Are noctilucent clouds truly a ‘miner's canary’ for global change?”, EOS Transactions, AGU, 84, 352, 10.1029/2003EO360008
Turco, 1982, Noctilucent clouds: simulation studies of their genesis, properties and global influence, Planetary and Space Science, 30, 1147, 10.1016/0032-0633(82)90126-X
von Cossart, 1999, Size distributions of NLC particles as determined from 3-color observations of NLC by ground-based lidar, Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 1513, 10.1029/1999GL900226
von Savigny, 2004, NLC detection and particle size determination: first results from SCIAMACHY on Envisat, Advances in Space Research, 34, 851, 10.1016/j.asr.2003.05.050
von Zahn, 2003, Are noctilucent clouds truly a ‘miner's canary’ for global change?, EOS Transactions, AGU, 84, 261, 10.1029/2003EO280001
von Zahn, 1998, Tidal variations of noctilucent clouds measured at 69°N latitude by groundbased lidar, Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 1289, 10.1029/98GL00546
von Zahn, 2004, Noctilucent clouds and mesospheric water vapor: the past decade, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 4, 2449, 10.5194/acp-4-2449-2004
Warren, 1997, Noctilucent cloud observed in late April at South Pole station: temperature anomaly or meteoric debris?, Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 1991, 10.1029/96JD02513
Weatherhead, 1998, Factors affecting the detection of trends: statistical considerations and applications to environmental data, Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 17,149, 10.1029/98JD00995