A quantitative assessment of fish passage efficiency
Tóm tắt
In an attempt to restore the connectivity of fragmented river habitats, a variety of passage facilities have been installed at river barriers. Despite the cost of building these structures, there has been no quantitative evaluation of their overall success at restoring fish passage. We reviewed articles from 1960 to 2011, extracted data from 65 papers on fish passage efficiency, size and species of fish, and fishway characteristics to determine the best predictors of fishway efficiency. Because data were scarce for fishes other than salmonids (order Salmoniformes), we combined data for all non‐salmonids for our analysis. On average, downstream passage efficiency was 68.5%, slightly higher than upstream passage efficiency of 41.7%, and neither differed across the geographical regions of study. Salmonids were more successful than non‐salmonids in passing upstream (61.7 vs. 21.1%) and downstream (74.6 vs. 39.6%) through fish passage facilities. Passage efficiency differed significantly between types of fishways; pool and weir, pool and slot and natural fishways had the highest efficiencies, whereas Denil and fish locks/elevators had the lowest. Upstream passage efficiency decreased significantly with fishway slope, but increased with fishway length, and water velocity. An information‐theoretic analysis indicated that the best predictors of fish passage efficiency were order of fish (i.e. salmonids > non‐salmonids), type of fishway and length of fishway. Overall, the low efficiency of passage facilities indicated that most need to be improved to sufficiently mitigate habitat fragmentation for the complete fish community across a range of environmental conditions.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Calles E.O., 2007, The use of two nature‐like fishways by some fish species in the Swedish River Eman, Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 16, 183
Clay C.H., 1995, Design of Fishways and Other Fish Facilities
Epler P., 2004, The passage of fish through the fishway at Roznow Dam in the 1997–2003 period, Archives of Polish Fisheries, 12, 177
Erkan D.E., 2002, Strategic Plan for the Restoration of Anadromous Fishes to Rhode Island Coastal Streams
Ferguson J.W., 2002, Recommendations for Improving Fish Passage at the Stornorrfors Power Station on the Umealven, Umea, Sweden
Fishbase(2010) Available at:http://www.fishbase.org(accessed 30 November 2010).
Kotusz J., 2006, Fish migrations in a large lowland river (Odra R., Poland) – based on fish pass observations, Folia Zoologica, 55, 386
Larinier M., 2001, Dams, Fish and Fisheries: Opportunities, Challenges and Conflict Resolution, 45
Libby D.A., 1981, Difference in sex ratios of the anadromous alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus, between the top and bottom of a fishway at Damariscotta Lake, Maine, Fishery Bulletin, 79, 207
Luszczek‐Trojnar E., 2005, The passage of fish through the fish pass in the Czchow Reservoir Dam (Southern Poland) in autumn, Acta Scientiarum Polonorum, Piscaria, 4, 83
Odeh M., 1999, Innovations in Fish Passage Technology
Office of Technology Assessment, 1995, Fish Passage Technologies: Protection at Hydropower Facilities
Prchalova M., 2006, Migrations of juvenile and subadult fish through a fishpass during late summer and fall, Folia Zoologica, 55, 162
Slatick E., 1985, The effect of Denil fishway length on passage of some non‐salmonid fishes, Marine Fisheries Review, 47, 83
Weaver C., 1963, Influence of water velocity upon orientation and performance of adult migrating salmonids, US Fish and Wildlife Service Fishery Bulletin, 63, 97
Webb P.W., 1975, Hydrodynamics and energetics of fish propulsion, Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 190, 1