A photochemical box model for urban air quality study

Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere - Tập 27 - Trang 371-387 - 1993
Shengxin Jin1, Kenneth Demerjian1
1Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12205, U.S.A.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Anthes, 1987, Description of the Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model version 4 (MM4), NCAR/TN-282 + STR, NCAR Technical Note Atkinson, 1984, Evaluation of kinetic and mechanistic data for modeling of photochemical smog, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 13, 315, 10.1063/1.555710 Atkinson, 1982, An updated chemical mechanism for hydrocarbons/NOx/SO2 photooxidations suitable for inclusion in atmospheric simulation models, Atmospheric Environment, 16, 1341, 10.1016/0004-6981(82)90055-5 Bahe, 1980, The frequency of NO2 photolysis at ground level, as recorded by a continuous actinometer, Atmospheric Environment, 14, 711, 10.1016/0004-6981(80)90055-4 Blackadar, 1976, Modeling the nocturnal boundary layer, 443 Blackadar, 1978, Modeling pollutant transfer during daytime convection, 443 Blackadar, 1979, High resolution models of the planetary boundary layer, Vol. 1, 50 Bornstein, 1968, Observation of the urban heat island effect in New York City, J. appl. Met., 575, 10.1175/1520-0450(1968)007<0575:OOTUHI>2.0.CO;2 Buckworth, 1954, The effect of cities upon horizontal and vertical temperature gradients, Bull. Am. Met. Soc., 35, 198, 10.1175/1520-0477-35.5.198 Calvert, 1987, Theoretical study of the initial products of the atmospheric oxidation of hydrocarbons, J. geophys. Res., 92, 2211, 10.1029/JD092iD02p02211 Chang, 1987, A three-dimensional Eulerian acid deposition model. Physical concepts and formulation, J. geophys. Res., 92, 14681, 10.1029/JD092iD12p14681 Chang, 1990, The Regional Acid Deposition Model and Engineering Model, NAPAP Report 4 Demerjian K. L. (1982) as quoted in Leone J. A. and Seinfeld J. H. (1984). Demerjian, 1990, Factors affecting the formation of ozone, 1 Demerjian, 1974, The mechanism of photochemical smog, Adv. Envir. Sci. Technol., 4, 1 Demerjian, 1980, Theoretical estimates of actinic (spherically integrated) flux and photolytic rate constants of atmospheric species in the lower troposphere, Adv. Envir. Sci. Technol., 10, 369 DeMore, 1988 Dodge, 1977, Combined use of modeling techniques and smog chamber data to derive ozone-precursor relationships, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report, EPA-600/3-77-001a, 881 Doll, 1985, Parameterization of subsurface heating for soil and concrete using net radiation data, Bound. Layer Met., 32, 351, 10.1007/BF00122000 Finlayson-Pitts, 1986 Haagen-Smit, 1952, Investigation on injury to plants from air pollution in the Los Angeles area, Plant Physiol., 27, 18, 10.1104/pp.27.1.18 Harvey, 1977, Determination of the absolute rate of solar photolysis of NO2, J. Air Poll. Control Assoc., 27, 663, 10.1080/00022470.1977.10470469 Jackson, 1975, Direct NO2 photolysis rate monitor, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 46, 376, 10.1063/1.1134226 Jin, 1991, A Photochemical Box Model for Urban Air Quality Study Joseph, 1976, The delta-Eddington approximation for radiative flux transfer, J. atmos. Sci., 33, 2452, 10.1175/1520-0469(1976)033<2452:TDEAFR>2.0.CO;2 Kerr, 1984, Chemical transformation modules for Eulerian acid deposition models. Vol. I: the gas-phase chemistry Killus, 1982, A new carbon-bond mechanism for air quality modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report No. EPA600/3-83-041 Leighton, 1961 Leone, 1984, Evaluation of chemical reaction mechanisms for photochemical smog—II. Quantitative evaluation of the mechanisms Leone, 1985, Comparative analysis of chemical reaction mechanisms for photochemical smog, Atmospheric Environment, 19, 437, 10.1016/0004-6981(85)90166-0 Madronich, 1987, Photodissociation in the atmosphere: 1. actinic flux and the effects of ground reflections and clouds, J. geophys. Res., 92, 9740, 10.1029/JD092iD08p09740 McRae, 1983, Development of a second-generation mathematical model for urban pollution—II. Model performance evaluation, Atmospheric Environment, 17, 501, 10.1016/0004-6981(83)90124-5 National Research Council, 1991 Nunez, 1977, The energy balance of an urban canyon, J. appl. Met., 16, 11, 10.1175/1520-0450(1977)016<0011:TEBOAU>2.0.CO;2 Oke, 1982, The energetic basis of the urban heat island, Q. Jl R. Met. Soc., 108, 1 Oke, 1971, The urban boundary layer in Montreal, Bound. Layer Met., 1, 411, 10.1007/BF00184781 Penner, 1982, Air quality model update Peterson, 1976, Calculated actinic flux (290–700 nm) for air pollution photochemistry applications Peterson, 1976, The sensitivity of computed ozone concentrations to ultraviolet radiation in the Los Angeles area, Atmospheric Environment, 10, 459, 10.1016/0004-6981(76)90026-3 Pielke, 1975, Representation of the heated planetary boundary layer in mesoscale models with coarse vertical resolutions, J. atmos. Sci., 32, 2288, 10.1175/1520-0469(1975)032<2288:ROTHPB>2.0.CO;2 Pleim, 1992, A non-local closure model for vertical mixing in the convective boundary layer, Atmospheric Environment, 6, 965, 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90028-J Schere, 1984, User's Guide for the Photochemical Box Model (PBM) Schiermeier, 1978, Air pollution milestones: RAPS field measurements are in, Envir. Sci. Technol., 12, 644, 10.1021/es60142a608 Seinfeld, 1986 Sickles, 1975, Development and Operation of a Device for the Continuous Measurement of φka for Nitrogen Dioxide Steman, 1975, Comparison of experimental and computed values for j(NO2), Geophys. Res. Lett., 2, 22, 10.1029/GL002i001p00022 Stockwell, 1986, A homogeneous gas phase mechanism for use in a regional acid deposition model, Atmospheric Environment, 20, 1615, 10.1016/0004-6981(86)90251-9 Stockwell, 1990, The second generation regional acid deposition model chemical mechanism for regional air quality modeling, J. geophys. Res., 95, 16343, 10.1029/JD095iD10p16343 Torrance, 1976, Time-varying energy consumption as a factor in urban climate, Atmospheric Environment, 10, 329, 10.1016/0004-6981(76)90174-8 Turco, 1975, Photodissociation rates in the atmosphere below 100 km, Geophys. Surveys, 2, 153, 10.1007/BF01447907 Ulanski, 1978, Role of surface divergence and vorticity in the life cycle of convective rainfall. Part I: Observation and analysis, J. atmos. Sci., 36, 1047, 10.1175/1520-0469(1978)035<1047:TROSDA>2.0.CO;2 U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, 1989, Catching Our Breath: Next Step for Reducing Urban Ozone U.S. EPA, 1980 Whitten, 1980, The carbon-bond mechanism: a condensed kinetic mechanism for photochemical smog, Envir. Sci. Technol., 18, 280 Whitten, 1985, Modeling of auto exhaust for smog chamber data for EKMA development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report No. CDWA1A/01-1130(FY-85) Yap, 1974, Sensible heat fluxes over an urban area-Vancouver, B.C., J. appl. Met., 13, 880, 10.1175/1520-0450(1974)013<0880:SHFOAU>2.0.CO;2 Zafonte, 1977, Nitrogen dioxide photolysis in the Los Angeles atmosphere, Envir. Sci. Technol., 11, 483, 10.1021/es60128a006 Zhang, 1982, A high-resolution model of the planetary boundary layer—sensitivity tests and comparisons with SESAME-79 data, J. appl. Met., 21, 1594, 10.1175/1520-0450(1982)021<1594:AHRMOT>2.0.CO;2