Khám Phá Di Truyền Dân Số Của Cá Ngựa Trắng (Holothuria fuscogilva) Tại Bờ Biển Phía Nam Kenya

Diana Karan1, Bernerd Fulanda1, Thomas Mkare2, Sammy Wambua3,1,4
1Department of Biological Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
2Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa, Kenya
3School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
4Research and Conservation Support Society (RECOURSE), Kilifi, Kenya

Tóm tắt

Cá ngựa trắng, Holothuria fuscogilva, phân bố rộng rãi ở các vùng ven biển, bao gồm cả vùng nước xung quanh các rạn san hô và cỏ biển ở khu vực Ấn Độ - Thái Bình Dương. Tại Kenya, loài này phân bố ở các rạn san hô nông với sản lượng khai thác cao hơn được ghi nhận từ khu vực Vanga-Shimoni-Gazi ở bờ biển phía nam Kenya. Mặc dù đã có sự khai thác cao cho xuất khẩu và tình trạng dễ bị tổn thương cũng như có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng theo IUCN và CITES tương ứng, nhưng những quần thể H. fuscogilva của Kenya và khả năng bị ảnh hưởng bởi áp lực đánh bắt chưa được nghiên cứu. Chúng tôi đã ước tính sự đa dạng di truyền và cấu trúc của quần thể H. fuscogilva được lấy mẫu thuận tiện từ ba địa điểm ở bờ biển phía nam Kenya bằng cách sử dụng trình tự gen cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) ti thể. Chúng tôi đã ghi nhận được 30 haplotype với 43 vị trí đa hình trong toàn quần thể. Hơn nữa, chúng tôi ước tính sự đa dạng haplotype cao và sự đa dạng nucleotide thấp với các giá trị ước lượng h = 0.970 ± 0.013 và π = 0.010 ± 0.001 tương ứng. Những phát hiện ban đầu này gợi ý một số kết quả quần thể, trong đó có một quần thể khỏe mạnh, cần được xác nhận bằng một nghiên cứu toàn diện hơn để cung cấp thông tin cho các chiến lược khai thác bền vững và quản lý loài này.

Từ khóa

#Holothuria fuscogilva #di truyền học #đa dạng di truyền #quản lý bền vững #Kenya

Tài liệu tham khảo

Conand, C. (2008). Population status, fisheries and trade of sea cucumbers in Africa and the Indian Ocean. In V. Toral-Granda, A. Lovatelli and M. Vasconcellos (eds). Sea cucumbers. A global review of fisheries and trade. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. 143–193 Ochiewo J, Torre-castro MD, Muthama C, Munyi F, Nthuta JM (2010) Socio-economic features of sea cucumber fisheries in southern coast of Kenya. Ocean Coast Manag 53:192–202 Purcell SW, Williamson DH, Ngaluafe P (2018) Chinese market prices of beche-de-mer: implications for fisheries and aquaculture. Mar Policy 91:58–65 UNEP-Nairobi Convention and WIOMSA (2015). The Regional State of the Coast Report: Western Indian Ocean. UNEP and WIOMSA, 1–546 Conand C, Claereboudt M, Dissayanake C, Ebrahim A, Fernando S, Godvinden R, Lavitra T, Léopold M, Mmbaga TK, Mulochau T, Naaem S, Shea S, Vaitilingon D, Yahya S, Friedman K (2022) Review of fisheries and management of sea cucumbers in the Indian Ocean. West Indian Ocean J Mar Sci 21(1):125–148 Eriksson H, Österblom H, Crona B, Troell M, Andrew N, Wilen J, Folke D (2015) Contagious exploitation of marine resources. Front Ecol Environ 13(8):435–440 Eriksson H, de la Torre-Castro M, Olsson G (2012) Mobility, expansion and management of a multi-species scuba diving fishery in east Africa. PloS one 7(4):1–11 Eriksson H, Robinson G, Slater MJ, Troell M (2012) Sea cucumber aquaculture in the Western Indian Ocean: challenges for sustainable livelihood and stock improvement. Ambio 41(2):109–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-011-0195-8 Anderson SC, Flemming JM, Watson R, Lotze HK (2011) Serial exploitation of global sea cucumber fisheries. Fish Fish 12(3):317–339. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2010.00397.x Hasan MH (2019) Destruction of sea cucumber populations due to overfishing at Abu Ghosoun area, Red Sea. J Basic Appl Zoolo. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-019-0074-6 Mmbaga, T. K. (2013). The effect of fishing on the ecology of sea cucumber (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) Holothuria scabra and Holothuria nobilis in Tanzanian sea water. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 2(2), 1099–1126. http://isdsnet.com/ijds-v2n2-49.pdf Friedman K, Eriksson H, Tardy E, Pakoa K (2011) Management of sea cucumber stocks: patterns of vulnerability and recovery of sea cucumber stocks impacted by fishing. Fish Fish 12(1):75–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2010.00384.x FAO 2016, White teatfish - Holothuria fuscogilva - Holothuriidae - HFF. Aquatic Species Distribution Map Viewer http://www.fao.org/figis/geoserver/factsheets/species.html Ramofafia C, Battaglene SC, Bell JD, Byrne M (2000) Reproductive biology of the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria fuscogilva in the Solomon Islands. Mar Biol 136(6):1045–1056 Muthiga N, Kawaka J (2010) The breeding pattern and variations in timing and reproductive output of the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria fuscogilva in Kenya. West Indian Ocean J Mar Sci 8(2):183–192 CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), 2019. CoP18 Prop. 45: Proposal of inclusion in Appendix II of three species belonging to the subgenus Holothuria (Microthele), Accessed 23 May 3 June 2019 Conand, C., Purcell, S. W., and Gamboa, R. U. (2013). Holothuria fuscogilva. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013, 8235 Purcell SW, Mercier A, Conand C, Hamel JF, Toral-Granda MV, Lovatelli A, Uthicke S (2013) Sea cucumber fisheries: global analysis of stocks, management measures and drivers of overfishing. Fish Fish 14(1):34–59 González-Wangüemert M, Valente S, Aydin M (2015) Effects of fishery protection on biometry and genetic structure of two target sea cucumber species from the Mediterranean Sea. Hydrobiologia 743:65–74 Muthiga, N., and Conand, C. (2014). Sea cucumbers in the western Indian Ocean ;WIOMSA Book Series No. 13, 1–74 Marty L, Dieckmann U, Ernande B (2014) Fisheries-induced neutral and adaptive evolution in exploited fish populations and consequences for their adaptive potential. Evolut Appl 8:47–63 Henriques R, von der Heyden S, Lipinski MR, du Toit N, Kainge P, Bloomer P, Matthee CA (2016) Spatio-temporal genetic structure and the effects of long-term fishing in two partially sympatric offshore demersal fishes. Mol Ecol 25(23):5843–5861 Horing, F. (2014). Population genetic structure of Calanoides carinatus (Copepoda, Calanoida) in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and Benguela upwelling system. MSc Thesis, University Bremen. Germany, 1- 60 Musembi P, Fulanda BM, Kairo J, Githaiga M (2019) Species composition, abundance and fishing methods of small-scale fisheries in the seagrass meadows of Gazi Bay. Kenya, J Indian Ocean Reg 15(2):139–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2019.1603608 Fulanda BM, Munga C, Ohtomi J, Osore MK (2009) The structure and evolution of coastal migrant fishery of Kenya. Ocean Coast Manag 52(9):459–466 Li W, Chen X, Xu Q, Zhu J, Dai X, Xu L (2015) Genetic population structure of Thunnus albacores in the central pacific ocean based on mtDNA COI gene sequences. Biochem Genet 53(3):22 Ogongo BO, Chenje ME, Fulanda BM (2015) Distribution and reproductive patterns of the Epinephelus Genus Groupers off Kenyan south coast Marine Waters. J Fish Aquat Sci. https://doi.org/10.3923/jfas.2015.159.170 Ontomwa MB, Fulanda BM, Kimani EN, Okemwa GM (2019) Hook size selectivity in the artisanal handline fishery of Shimoni fishing area, south coast, Kenya. WIO J Mar Sci 19:29–46 Richmond, M. D (1997). A guide to the shores of Eastern-Africa and the Western Indian Ocean Islands. Sida/Department for Research Cooperation Soliman T, Fernandez-silva I, Reimer JD (2016) Genetic population structure and low genetic diversity in the over-exploited sea cucumber Holothuria edulis Lesson, 1830 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in Okinawa Island. Conserv Genet 17(4):811–821. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-016-0823-8 Hall TA (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41:95–98 Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K (2018) MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol 35(6):1547–1549 Librado P, Rozas J (2009) DnaSP v5: a software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics 25(11):1451–1452 Szpiech ZA, Jakobsson M, Rosenberg NA (2008) ADZE: a rarefaction approach for counting alleles private to combinations of population. Bionformatics 24:2498–2504 Excoffier L, Lischer HE (2010) Arlequin suite ver 3.5: a new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows. Mol Ecol Resour 10:564–567 Leigh JW, Bryant D (2015) POPART: full-feature software for haplotype network construction. Methods Ecol Evol 6(9):1110–1116 Beer, C. L. (2014). Genetic and morphometric variation of Octopus vulgaris in the Benguela Current Region. Ph.D. Thesis, Rhodes University,South Africa,1–159 Zhang J, Kapli P, Pavlidis P, Stamatakis A (2013) A general species delimitation method with applications to phylogenetic placements. Bioinformatics 29:2869–2876. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btt499 Saleky D, Setyobudiandi I, Toha HA, Takdir M, Madduppa HH (2016) Length-weight relationship and population genetic of two marine gastropods species (Turbinidae: Turbo sparverius and Turbo bruneus) in the Bird Seascape Papua. Indonesia Biodiversitas 17(1):208–217 Stewart, K. A., Draaijer, R., Kolasa, M. R., and Smallegange, I. M. (2019). The role of genetic diversity in the evolution and maintenance of environmentally-cued, male alternative reproductive tactics. BioRxiv, 1–10 Zhang BD, Li YL, Xue DX, Liu JX (2020) Population genomics reveals shallow genetic structure in a connected and ecologically important fish from the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Front Mar Sci 7:374 Maggi C, González-Wangüemert C (2015) Genetic differentiation among Parastichopus regalis populations in the Western Mediterranean Sea: potential effects from its fishery and current connectivity. Mediterr Mar Sci 16(3):489–501 Nowland SJ, Southgate PC, Basiita RK, Jerry DR (2017) Elucidation of fine-scale genetic structure of sandfish (Holothuria scabra) populations in Papua New Guinea and northern Australia. Mar Freshw Res 68(10):1901–1911 Otwoma, L. M. (2018). Connectivity and exploitation of Acanthurus triostegus and Acanthurus leucosternon in the Indian Ocean: Application of genetics and single stock assessment to aid coral reef management. PhD Thesis, University of Bremen. Germany,1–147 Triest LV, der Stocken T, Sierens T, Deus EK, Mangora MM, Koedam N (2021) Connectivity of Avicennia marina populations within a proposed marine transboundary conservation area between Kenya and Tanzania. Biol Cons 256:109040 van der Ven RM, Ratsimbazafy HA, Kochzius M (2022) Large-scale biogeographic patterns are reflected in the genetic structure of a broadcast spawning stony coral. Coral Reefs 41:611–624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-022-02220-3 Mkare, T. K. (2013). Genetic population structure of fenaeid prawns Fenaeus monodon Fabricius 1798, Penneropenaeus indicus H. Milne Wards 1837 and Metapenaeus monoceros Fabricius 1798 in the Malindi–Ungwana Bay, Kenya. M.Sc. Thesis, Stellenbosch University, South Africa Rodrigues F, Valente S, González-wanguemert M (2015) Genetic diversity across geographical scales in marine coastal ecosystems : Holothuria arguinensis a model species. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 463:158–167 Gardner MG, Fitch AJ (2012) Population genetic structure of sea cucumber (bêche-de-mer) in northern Australia. Seafood CRC Final Rep Proj 2008:1–40 Hamamoto K, Soliman T, Poliseno A, Fernandez-silva I (2021) Higher genetic diversity of the common sea cucumber Holothuria atra in marine protected areas of the central and southern Ryukyu Islands. Front Conserv Sci 2:1–16 Vergara-Chen C, González-Wangüemert M, Marcos C, Pérez-Ruzafa Á (2010) Genetic diversity and connectivity remain high in Holothuria polii (Delle Chiaje 1823) across a coastal lagoon-open sea environmental gradient. Genetica 138(8):895–906. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-010-9472-x Fang DA, Luo H, He M, Mao C, Kuang Z, Qi H, Xu D, Tan L, Li Y (2022) Genetic diversity and population differentiation of naked carp (Gymnocypris przewalskii) revealed by cytochrome oxidase subunit I and D-Loop. Front Ecol Evol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.827654 Uthicke S, Conand C, Benzie JAH (2001) Population genetics of the fissiparous holothurians Stichopus chloronotus and Holothuria atra (Aspidochirotida): a comparison between the Torres Strait and La Réunion. Mar Biol 139(2):257–265