A numerical simulation of seismic signals of coseismic landslides

AnCad, Inc Arias, 1970, A measure of earthquake intensity, 438 Brocher, 2008, Compressional and shear-wave velocity versus depth relations for common rock types in northern California, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 98, 950, 10.1785/0120060403 Chen, 2003, Pseudostatic analysis of Tsao-Ling rockslide caused by Chi-Chi earthquake, Eng. Geol., 71, 31, 10.1016/S0013-7952(03)00124-8 Chen, 2014, Landslide seismic signal recognition and mobility for an earthquake-induced rockslide in Tsaoling, Taiwan, Eng. Geol., 171, 31, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.11.018 Chigira, 2003, Geological causes and geomorphological precursors of the Tsaoling landslide triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, Eng. Geol., 68, 259, 10.1016/S0013-7952(02)00232-6 Del Gaudio, 2013, Inferring seismic response of landslide-prone slopes from microtremor study, 5, 199 Fan, 2019, Earthquake-induced chains of geologic hazards: patterns, mechanisms, and impacts, Rev. Geophys., 57, 421, 10.1029/2018RG000626 Feng, 2017, The characteristics of the seismic signals induced by landslides using a coupling of discrete element and finite difference methods, Landslides, 14, 661, 10.1007/s10346-016-0714-6 Huang, 1998, The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis, Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys., 454, 903, 10.1098/rspa.1998.0193 Hung, 2002, Tsao-ling rockslides, Taiwan. Catastrophic landslides: effects, occurrence, and mechanisms, Geol. Soc. Am. Rev. Eng. Geol., 15, 91, 10.1130/REG15-p91 Itasca Consulting Group, Inc, 2008 Itasca Consulting Group, Inc, 2011 Kuo, 2015, Identification of co-seismic ground motion due to fracturing and impact of the Tsaoling landslide, Taiwan, Eng. Geol., 196, 268, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.07.013 Lee, 2011, Geomorphological evolution and geology of the Tsaoling Rockslide, J. Chin. Soil Water Conserv., 42, 325 Liao, 2011, A new ring-shear device for testing rocks under high normal stress and dynamic conditions, Eng. Geol., 122, 93, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.03.018 Lin, 2019, Evaluation of an enhanced FS method for finding the initiation time of earthquake-induced landslides, Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ., 78, 497, 10.1007/s10064-017-1083-7 Lo, 2011, A kinematic model of the Hsiaolin landslide calibrated to the morphology of the landslide deposit, Eng. Geol., 123, 22, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.07.002 Roback, 2018, The size, distribution, and mobility of landslides caused by the 2015 Mw7. 8 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal, Geomorphology, 301, 121, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.01.030 Seismosoft, Ltd, 2020 Tang, 2009, The Tsaoling landslide triggered by the Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan: insights from a discrete element simulation, Eng. Geol., 106, 1, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.02.011 Togo, 2014, Triggering and runaway processes of catastrophic Tsaoling landslide induced by the 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake, as revealed by high-velocity friction experiments, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 1907, 10.1002/2013GL059169 Wang, 2019, Coseismic landslides triggered by the 2018 Hokkaido, Japan (M w 6.6), earthquake: spatial distribution, controlling factors, and possible failure mechanism, Landslides, 16, 1551, 10.1007/s10346-019-01187-7 Wasowski, 2011, Toward the next generation of research on earthquake-induced landslides: current issues and future challenges, Eng. Geol., 122, 1, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.06.001 Wu, 2009, Back calculating the seismic shear strengths of the Tsaoling landslide associated with accelerograph and GPS data, Iran. J. Sci. Technol. Trans. B Eng., 33, 301 Wu, 2011, Application of DDA to simulate characteristics of the Tsaoling landslide, Comput. Geotech., 38, 741, 10.1016/j.compgeo.2011.04.003 Wu, 2011, New dynamic procedure for back-calculating the shear strength parameters of large landslides, Eng. Geol., 123, 129, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.01.010 Wu, 2017, An experimental study to characterize the initiation of the seismic-induced Tsaoling rock avalanche, Eng. Geol., 217, 110, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.12.015 Yang, 2014, Initiation, movement, and run-out of the giant Tsaoling landslide—what can we learn from a simple rigid block model and a velocity–displacement dependent friction law?, Eng. Geol., 182, 158, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.08.008