A novel phytosterol isolated from Datura inoxia, RinoxiaB is a potential cure colon cancer agent by targeting BAX/Bcl2 pathway

Akhoon, 2018, Withanolide A extends the lifespan in human EGFR-driven cancerous Caenorhabditis elegans, Exp Geron, 104, 113, 10.1016/j.exger.2018.02.004 Arulvasu, 2010, Anti-cancer effect of Datura innoxia P. mill. leaf extract in vitro through induction of apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma and larynx cancer cell lines, J Pharm Resear, 3, 1485 Ashcroft, 1999, Regulation of p53 function and stability by phosphorylation, Mol Cell Biol, 19, 1751, 10.1128/MCB.19.3.1751 Athar, 2007, Resveratrol: a review of preclinical studies for human cancer prevention, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 224, 274, 10.1016/j.taap.2006.12.025 Ayuba, 2011, Phytochemical and proximate composition of Datura innoxia leaf, seed, stem, pod and root, J Med Plants Res, 5, 2952 Bellila, 2011, Cytotoxic activity of withanolides isolated from Tunisian Datura metel L, Phytochemistry, 72, 2031, 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.07.009 Bellila, 2011, Cytotoxic activity of withanolides isolated from Tunisian Datura metel L, Phytochemistry, 72, 2031, 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.07.009 Bonfill, 2005, Identification of triterpenoid compounds of Centella asiatica by thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry, Biomed Chromatogr, 20, 151, 10.1002/bmc.564 Bose, 2011, C-H activation of arenes and heteroarenes by early transition metallaborane, [(Cp*Ta)2B5H11] (Cp* = η5- C5Me5), Chem Commun, 47, 11996, 10.1039/c1cc15394c Bradford, 1976, A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding, Anal Biochem, 72, 248, 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3 Bruce, 2002, 55 Bunz, 1999, Disruption of p53 in human cancer cells alters the responses to therapeutic agents, J Clin Invest, 104, 263, 10.1172/JCI6863 Chen, 2018, Limonoids from seeds of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and their cytotoxic activity, Acta Pharmaceu Sin B, 8, 639, 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.12.009 Chen, 2008, Tubocapsenolide A, a novel withanolide, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells by thiol oxidation of heat shock proteins, J Biol Chem, 283, 17184, 10.1074/jbc.M709447200 Colegate, 1993 Cos, 2006, Anti-infective potential of natural products: How to develop a stronger in vitro ‘proof-of-concept’, J Ethnopharmacol, 106, 290, 10.1016/j.jep.2006.04.003 Dessanges, 2001, A history of nebulization, Aerosol Med, 14, 65, 10.1089/08942680152007918 DiPaola, 2002, To arrest or not to G2-M cell-cycle arrest. Commentary re: Silibinin strongly synergizes human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells to doxorubicin-induced growth inhibition, G2-M arrest, and apoptosis, Clin Cancer Res, 8, 3512 Evans, 1986, 179 Goh, 2014, Crude ethyl acetate extract of marine microalga, Chaetoceros calcitrans, induces Apoptosis in MDAMB231 breast cancer cells, Pharmacogn Mag, 10, 1, 10.4103/0973-1296.126650 Gryfe, 1997, Molecular biology of colorectal cancer, Curr Probl Cancer, 21, 233, 10.1016/S0147-0272(97)80003-7 Guo, 2018, Withanolides from the leaves of Datura metel L, Phytochemistry, 155, 136, 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.08.005 Guo, 2019, Phenylpropanoid derivatives from the fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge and their distinctive effects on human hepatoma cells, Phytochemistry, 164, 252, 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.05.005 Hajiaghaalipour, 2015, White tea (Camellia sinensis) inhibits proliferation of the colon cancer cell line, HT-29, activates caspases and protects DNA of normal cells against oxidative damage, Food Chem, 169, 401, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.005 Hulcová, 2019, Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. cv. Dutch Master as potential drugs in treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Phytochemistry, 165, 112055, 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112055 Khan, 1987, 645 Kim, 2002, Current status of the molecular mechanisms of anticancer drug-induced apoptosis. The contribution of molecular-level analysis to cancer chemotherapy, Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 50, 343, 10.1007/s00280-002-0522-7 Kokate, 1988 Kupchan, 1965, The isolation and structural elucidation of a novel steroidal tumor inhibitor from Acnistus arborescens, J Am Chem Soc, 87, 5805, 10.1021/ja00952a061 Lavie, 1965, Constituents of Withania somnifera Dun. Part IV. The structure of withaferin, A J Chem Soc, 7517, 10.1039/jr9650007517 Liu, 2014, Hederagenin from the leaves of ivy (Hedera helix L.) induces apoptosis in human LoVo colon cells through the mitochondrial pathway, BMC Complement Altern Med, 14, 412, 10.1186/1472-6882-14-412 Marie, 2017, 2,3-Diaryl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine derivatives as potential anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents, Acta Pharm Sin B, 7, 73, 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.05.003 Moon, 2008, Beta-Sitosterol induces G2/M arrest, endoreduplication, and apoptosis through the Bcl-2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, Cancer Lett, 264, 181, 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.01.032 Mortenson, 1986, Overexpression of Bcl-2 results in activation of the AKT/NF-kB cell survival pathway, J Surg Res, 114, 302, 10.1016/j.jss.2003.08.103 Nair, 2005, Antibacterial activity of some selected Indian medicinal flora, Turk J Biol, 29, 41 Nobre, 2018, Antioxidative effect and phytochemical profile of natural products from the fruits of “babaçu” (Orbignia speciose) and “buriti” (Mauritia flexuosa), Food Chem Toxicol, 121, 423, 10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.068 Pan, 2007, Cytotoxic withanolides from the flowers of Datura metel, J Nat Prod, 70, 1127, 10.1021/np070096b Sancar, 2004, Molecular mechanisms of mammalian DNA repair and the DNA damage checkpoints, Annu Rev Biochem, 73, 39, 10.1146/annurev.biochem.73.011303.073723 Sasidharan, 2011, Extraction, isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from plants extracts, Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 8, 1 Siddiqui, 1987, A novel withanolide from Datura metel, Phytochem, 9, 2641, 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83898-4 Singh, 2007, Effect of ethanolic extract of Syzygium cumuni seed powder on pancreatic islets of alloxen diabetic rats, Indian J Exp Biol, 45, 861 Singh, 1998, A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells, Exp Cell Res, 175, 184, 10.1016/0014-4827(88)90265-0 Soyingbe, 2018, In vitro antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of leaf extracts of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb, Warburgia salutaris (Bertol. F.) Chiov and Curtisia dentata (Burm. F.) C.A.Sm - medicinal plants used in South Africa, BMC Complement Altern Med, 18, 315, 10.1186/s12906-018-2378-3 Stan, 2018, Withaferin A causes FOXO3a- and Bim-dependent apoptosis and inhibits growth of human breast cancer cells in vivo, Cancer Res, 68, 7661, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1510 Towbin, 1976, Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications, Proc Natl Acad Sci, 76, 4350, 10.1073/pnas.76.9.4350 Tripathi, 2005, Nutraceuticals and cancer management, Front Biosci, 10, 1607, 10.2741/1644 Van Orden, 2012, Binding of p53 to the KIX domain of CREB binding protein, J Biol Chem, 274, 26321, 10.1074/jbc.274.37.26321 Vermillion, 2011, Dinoxin B, a Withanolide from Datura inoxia leaves with specific cytotoxic activities, J Nat Prod, 74, 267, 10.1021/np1004714 Yang, 2012, Noscapine induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human colon cancer cells in vivo and in vitro, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 421, 627, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.079 Zhang, 2012, Anti-proliferative withanolides from the Solanaceae: a structure-activity study, Pure Appl Chem, 84, 1353, 10.1351/PAC-CON-11-10-08 Zhao, 2009, Beta-sitosterol inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in SGC-7901 human stomach cancer cells, J Agric Food Chem, 57, 5211, 10.1021/jf803878n Zhu, 2019, Cytotoxic phenolic constituents from Hypericum japonicum, Phytochemistry, 164, 33, 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.04.012 Wang, 2014, Annona squamosa Linn: cytotoxic activity found in leaf extract against human tumor cell lines, Pak J Pharm Sci, 27, 1559