Một góc nhìn mới về nghiên cứu phần thưởng ở người: Cách thông tin phần thưởng được cảm nhận có ý thức và vô thức ảnh hưởng đến hiệu suất

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 14 - Trang 493-508 - 2014
Claire M. Zedelius1, Harm Veling2, Ruud Custers3,4, Erik Bijleveld4, Kimberly S. Chiew5, Henk Aarts4
1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, USA
2Department of Psychology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
3Department of Cognitive, Perceptual and Brain Sciences, University College London, London, Great Britain
4Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
5Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA

Tóm tắt

Câu hỏi về cách thức hiệu suất của con người có thể được cải thiện thông qua các phần thưởng là một chủ đề quan tâm lặp đi lặp lại trong tâm lý học và khoa học thần kinh. Các phương pháp tiếp cận truyền thống, dựa trên nhận thức về vấn đề này, chủ yếu tập trung vào các phần thưởng được truyền đạt một cách có ý thức. Gần đây, một quan điểm mới, chủ yếu lấy cảm hứng từ khoa học thần kinh, đã xuất hiện để xem xét vai trò tiềm năng của nhận thức có ý thức về thông tin phần thưởng trong việc theo đuổi phần thưởng một cách hiệu quả. Bài viết hiện tại xem xét các nghiên cứu áp dụng một khuôn mẫu khởi động phần thưởng tiền tệ mới được phát triển, cho phép điều tra có hệ thống quan điểm này. Chúng tôi phân tích các nghiên cứu này để xác định những điểm tương đồng và khác biệt trong cách các phần thưởng được cảm nhận có ý thức và vô thức ảnh hưởng đến ba khía cạnh riêng biệt liên quan đến hiệu suất: ra quyết định, chuẩn bị nhiệm vụ và thực hiện nhiệm vụ. Chúng tôi cũng thảo luận về việc liệu nhận thức có ý thức, trong việc điều chỉnh tác động của thông tin phần thưởng, có đóng vai trò tương tự như vai trò của nó trong việc điều chỉnh tác động của các thông tin cảm xúc khác. Những hệ quả của những hiểu biết này đối với việc hiểu vai trò của ý thức trong việc điều chỉnh hành vi hướng đến mục tiêu một cách tổng quát hơn cũng được thảo luận.

Từ khóa

#phần thưởng #hiệu suất #nhận thức có ý thức #khoa học thần kinh #tâm lý học #điều chỉnh hành vi mục tiêu

Tài liệu tham khảo

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