A new anatomical classification of the bronchial arteries based on the spatial relationships to the esophagus and the tracheobronchus
Tóm tắt
To reveal the patterns of the mediastinal course of the bronchial arteries (BAs). The BAs were dissected to determine the positional relationships of their mediastinal courses with the tracheobronchus and the esophagus in 72 adult cadavers. The mediastinal courses of the 227 BAs found in this study were classified into 4 types. There were 61 and 163 BAs passing the right side (Type I) and the left side (Type II reaching dorsal surface (n = 98), or Type III reaching ventral surface (n = 65) of the tracheobronchus) of the esophagus, respectively. Three BAs originated from the subclavian artery (Type IV). All Type I BAs were right BAs, whereas 91.8% of the Type II BAs were left BAs. However, 43.1 and 56.9% of the Type III BAs were the right and left BAs, respectively. The classification of the mediastinal course of the BAs determined by the spatial relationships to the tracheobronchus and the esophagus may be clinically useful, because each category of this classification can be determined during esophagectomy and indicates whether the BA is a right or left BA.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Nishimaki T, Shimoji H, Sunagawa H. Recent changes and the future roles of esophageal cancer surgery. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004;10:324–32.
Peyre CG, Hagen JA, DeMeester SR, Altorki NK, Ancona E, Griffin SM, et al. The number of lymph nodes removed predicts survival in esophageal cancer: an international study on the impact of extent of surgical resection. Ann Surg. 2008;248:549–56.
Altorki NK, Zhou XK, Stiles B, Port JL, Paul S, Lee PC, et al. Total number of resected lymph nodes predicts survival in esophageal cancer. Ann Surg. 2008;248:221–6.
Maruyama K, Motoyama S, Sato Y, Hayashi K, Usami S, Minamiya Y, et al. Tracheobronchial lesions following esophagectomy: erosions, ulcers, and fistulae, and the predictive value of lymph node-related factors. World J Surg. 2009;33:778–84.
Katayama H, Kurokawa Y, Nakamura K, Ito H, Kanemitsu Y, Masuda N, et al. Extended Clavien–Dindo classification of surgical complications: Japan Clinical Oncology Group postoperative complications criteria. Surg Today. 2016;46:668–85.
Matsuda S, Niihara M, Tsubosa Y, Sato H, Takebayashi K, Kawamorita K, et al. Clinical significance of postoperative recovery of serum albumin levels in patients with esophageal cancer who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy. Surg Today. 2016;46:1138–45.
Kato F, Takeuchi H, Matsuda S, Kawakubo H, Omori T, Kitagawa Y. Incidence of and risk factors for venous thromboembolism during surgical treatment for esophageal cancer: a single-institution study. Surg Today. 2016;46:445–52.
Bartels HE, Stein HJ, Siewert JR. Tracheobronchial lesions following oesophagectomy: prevalence, predisposing factors and outcome. Br J Surg. 1998;85:403–6.
Osiro S, Wear C, Hudson R, Ma X-X, Zurada A, Michalak M, et al. A friend to the airways: a review of the emerging clinical importance of the bronchial arterial circulation. Surg Radiol Anat. 2012;34:791–8.
Murayama S, Hashiguchi N, Murakami J, Sakai S, Matsumoto S, Mizushima A, et al. Helical CT imaging of bronchial arteries with curved reformation technique in comparison with selective bronchial arteriography: preliminary report. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1996;20:749–55.
Remy-jardin M, Dumont P, Brillet P, Bruzzi J, Remy J. Bronchial and nonbronchial systemic arteries at multi-detector row CT angiography: comparison with conventional angiography. Radiology. 2004;233:741–9.
Hartmann IJ, Remy-Jardin M, Menchini L, Teisseire A, Khalil C, Remy J. Ectopic origin of bronchial arteries: assessment with multidetector helical CT angiography. Eur Radiol. 2007;17:1943–53.
Morita Y, Takase K, Ichikawa H, Yamada T, Sato A, Higano S, et al. Bronchial artery anatomy: preoperative 3D simulation with multidetector CT. Radiology. 2010;255:934–43.
Battal B, Akgun V, Karaman B, Bozlar U, Tasar M. Normal anatomical features and variations of bronchial arteries: an analysis with 64-detector-row computed tomographic angiography. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2011;35:253–9.
Ziyawudong J, Kawai N, Sato M, Ikoma A, Sanda H, Takeuchi T, et al. Aortic ostia of the bronchial arteries and tracheal bifurcation: MDCT analysis. World J Radiol. 2012;4:29–35.
Wada T, Takeuchi H, Kawakubo H, Nakamura R, Oyama T, Takahashi T, et al. Clinical utility of preoperative evaluation of bronchial arteries by three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography for esophageal cancer surgery. Dis Esophagus. 2013;26:616–22.
Yener Ö, Türkvatan A, Yüce G, Yener AÜ. The normal anatomy and variations of the bronchial arteries: evaluation with multidetector computed tomography. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2015;66:44–52.
Cauldwell EW, Siekert RG. The bronchial arteries; an anatomic study of 150 human cadavers. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1948;86:395–412.
Liebow AA. Patterns of origin and distribution of the major bronchial arteries in man. Am J Anat. 1965;117:19–32.
Kasai T, Chiba S. Macroscopic anatomy of the bronchial arteries. Anat Anz. 1979;145:166–81.
Nakamura N. Zur anatomie der bronchialarterien. Anat Anz. 1924;58:508–17.
Boyden EA. The time lag in the development of bronchial arteries. Anat Rec. 1970;166:611–4.
Boyden EA. The developing bronchial arteries in a fetus of the twelfth week. Am J Anat. 1970;129:357–68.