A model for nonlinear stochastic behavior of the pupil

Berlucchi, G., Moruzzi, G., Salni, G., Strata, P.: Pupil behavior and ocular movements during synchronized and desynchronized sleep. Arch. Ital. Biol. 102, 230?244 (1964)

Bouma, H., Baghuis, L.C.J.: Hippus of the pupil; periods of slow oscillations of unknown origin. Vision Res. 11, 1345?1351 (1971)

Branchard, J.: (Quoted from Moon and Spenser, 1948). Phys. Rev. 11, 81 (1918)

Carlson, F.D.: Kinematic studies on mechanical properties of muscle. In: Tissue elasticity, pp. 55?72. Remington, J.W. (ed.). Washington D.C.: Am. Physiol. Soc. (1959)

Crawford, B.H.: The dependence of pupil size upon external light stimulus under static and variable conditions. Proc. R. Soc. (London) B121, 376?395 (1936)

de Groot, S.G., Gebhard, J.W.: Pupil size as determined by adapting luminosity. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 42, 492?495 (1952)

de Launey, L.: A note on the photopupil reflex. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 39, 364?367 (1949)

Ferguson, G.A.: Statistical analysis in psychology and education. New York: McGraw-Hill 1959

Gordon, A.M., Huxley, A.F., Julian, F.J.: The variation in isometric tension with sarcomere length in vertebrate muscle fibers. J. Physiol. (London) 184, 170?192 (1966)

Hansmann, D.: Human pupillary mechanics: physiology and control. Dissertation for Ph.D., Univ. of California, Berkeley 1972

Hansmann, D., Semmlow, J., Stark, L.: A physiological basis of pupillary dynamics. In: Pupillary dynamics and behavior, pp. 39?73. Janisse, M.P. (ed.). New York: Plenum 1974

Huxley, A.F.: Muscle structure and theories of concentration. Prog. Biophys. 7, 255?318 (1959)

Huxley, H., Hanson, J.: Changes in the cross-striation of muscle during contraction and their structural interpretation. Nature 173, 973?976 (1954)

Krishnan, V.V., Phillips, S., Stark, L.: Frequency analysis of accommodation, accommodative vergence and disparity vergence. Vision Res. 13, 1545?1553 (1973)

Loewenfeld, I.E., Newsome, D.A.: Iris mechanics: influence of pupil size on dynamics of pupillary movements. Am. J. Ophthal. 71, 347?362 (1971)

Lowenstein, O., Feinberg, R., Loewenfeld, I.E.: Pupillary movement during acute and chronic fatigue. Invest. Ophthal. 2, 138?157 (1963)

Meiss, R.A.: Some mechanical properties of cat intestinal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 220, 2000?2007 (1971)

Miller, D., Stark, L.: Effect of mydriatic drugs on pupillary dynamics. Res. Lab. of Elec., M.I.T. Q. Prog. Rep. 74, 265?269 (1964)

Moon, P., Spencer, D.E.: On the Stiles-Crawford effect. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 34, 319?329 (1944)

O'Neill, W.D., Stark, L.: Triple function ocular monitor. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 58, 570?573 (1968)

Reeves, P.: The response of the pupil to various intensities of light. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 4, 35?43 (1920)

Semmlow, J.: Nonlinear pupil mechanics. Dissertation for Ph.d., Univ. of Illinois, Chicago 1970

Semmlow, J., Hansmann, D., Stark, L.: Variation in pupillomotor responsiveness with mean pupil size. Vision Res. 15, 85?90 (1975)

Semmlow, J., Stark, L.: Pupil movements to light and accommodative stimulation: a comparative study. Vision Res. 13, 1087?1100 (1973)

Smith, J.D., Masek, G.A., Ichinose, L.Y., Watanabe, T., Stark, L.: Single neuron activity in the pupillary system. Brain Res. 24, 219?234 (1970)

Spring, K.H., Stiles, W.S.: Variation of pupil size with change in the angle at which the light stimulus strikes the retina. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 32, 340?346 (1948)

Stanten, S.F., Stark, L.: A statistical analysis of pupil noise. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 13, 140?152 (1966)

Stark, L.: Stability, oscillations and noise in the human pupil servomechanism. Proc. IRE 47, 1925?1939 (1959)

Stark, L., Campbell, F.W., Atwood, J.: Pupil unrest: an example of noise in a biological servomechanism. Nature 182, 857?858 (1958)

Stark, L.: Nonlinear operator in the pupil system. Res. Lab. of Elec., MIT. Q. Prog. Rep. 72, 258?260 (1964)

Stark, L.: Biological rhythms, noise and asymmetry in the pupilretinal cortical system. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 98, 1096?1108 (1962)

Stevens, S.S.: Handbook of Experimental psychology. New York; Wiley 1951

Sullivan, K.N., Manfredi, F., Behnke, R.H.: Hippus in Cheynestokes respiration. Arch. Intl. Med. 122, 116?121 (1968)

ten Doesschate, J., Alpern, M.: Effect of photoexcitation of the two retinas on pupil size. J. Neurophysiol. 30, 562?576 (1967)

Terdiman, J., Smith, J.D., Stark, L.: Pupil response to light and electrical stimulation: static and dynamic characteristics. Brain Res. 16, 288?292 (1969)

Terdiman, J., Smith, J.D., Stark, L.: Dynamic analysis of the pupil with light and electrical stimulation. IEEE Trans. SMC 1, 239?251 (1971)

Thomasian, A.J.: The structure of pobability theory with application. New York: McGraw-Hill 1969

Thompson, H.S., Franceshetti, A.T.: Hippus; semantic and historic consideration of the word. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 71, 1116?1129 (1979)

Usui, S.: Functional organization of the human pupillary light reflex system. Dissertation for Ph.D., Univ. of California, Berkeley 1974

Usui, S., Murase, K., Ikegaya, K.: Analysis of the dynamic performance of a TV pupillometer. Jpn. J. Med. Eng. 16, 177?183 (1978)

Usui, S., Stark, L.: Sensory and motor mechanism interact to control amplitude of pupil noise. Vision Res. 18, 505?507 (1978)

Wagman, I.H., Nathanson, L.M.: Influence of intensity of white light upon pupil diameter of the human and of the rabbit. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 49, 466?470 (1942)

Wilson, D.: Accommodation-accommodative vergence synkinesis in the human visual system. Dissertation for Ph. D., Univ. of California, Berkeley 1972

Yoss, R.E., Moyer, N.J., Hollenhorst, R.W.: Hippus and other spontaneous rhythmic pupillary waves. Am. J. Ophthalmol, 70, 935?941 (1970)